夜间建筑施工噪声扰民监测方法探讨

以一家夜间施工工地为例 ,通过对现有夜间建筑施工噪声测量方法及国家和深圳经济特区有关噪声污染定义的分析 ,阐述了夜间施工工地噪声扰民监测方法     

浅析南京市夜间施工噪声总量控制

近年来，随着城市建设速度的加快，商住房建设大范围地展开，工地数量明显增多，建设施工单位盲目赶工期，导致夜间施工噪声污染投诉逐年增加。南京市环保12369举报热线2000年共受理施工噪声污染投诉4900件（次），至2003年达到8940件（次）。为解决建筑施工噪声扰民问题，南京市环境监察支队从2004年起，在全市实行夜间施工噪声总量控制，取得了较好的效果。     

城市环境噪声测量方法的商榷

环境监测数据是评价环境质量的依据,也是进行环境管理的依据.而环境监测数据的精度却依赖于环境监测方法.在《城市环境噪声测量方法》(国标GB3222—82)中规定:“传声器设置:测量时声级计或传声器可以手持,也可以固定在测量三角架上…….夜间测量一般选用22:00～5:00时间内,在此时间内任何时刻测得的噪声,均代表夜间的噪声…….将要普查测量的城市区域划分成等距离     

北京市黄标车禁行对市区道路交通噪声的影响分析

利用噪声自动监测系统中33个道路交通站点的数据,分析了北京市实行黄标车禁行措施后道路交通噪声昼、夜间均值的总体变化趋势.在计算夜间噪声下降量的基础上归纳了噪声降幅大的道路等级,进一步分析了噪声改善最大的时间段,并在结论的基础上为决策者提出了相应的建议.     

开封市交通噪声环境质量二级模糊综合评价

在开封市2005年交通噪声实地监测数据的基础上,运用二级模糊综合评价法,对市区交通噪声环境质量进行现状评价,评价结果为开封市交通噪声环境质量总体上昼间属于轻污染,夜间属于重度污染,夜间交通噪声环境质量明显劣于昼间。其结论符合开封市的实际情况,不仅能较好地描述开封市交通噪声环境污染的连续、渐变、模糊的特点,而且还弥补了一级模糊综合评价难以反映出小范围路段对整体环境质量贡献的不足。     

南京市典型快速路交通噪声监测与影响分布研究

为科学全面地开展城市道路交通噪声影响评估，更精确地服务道路交通噪声污染治理工作，选取南京市具有代表性的道路交通干线，采用手工监测和自动连续监测的方法，进行不同路段噪声污染程度及其随时间、空间变化规律的研究。结果表明，地面快速路段、高架路段以及衔接路段两侧噪声敏感建筑物受道路交通噪声影响较大，夜间均超标；相邻区域要达到2类声环境功能区昼间标准限值要求，需距离地面快速路慢车道约45 m，距离高架路段慢车道约92 m；要达到2类声环境功能区夜间标准限值要求，需距离地面快速路慢车道约175 m，距离高架路段慢车道约172 m；敏感建筑物所受噪声影响随楼层高度升高而增大，同时噪声影响情况与道路两侧建筑物密度、道路车辆行驶速度有关。建议严格道路及噪声敏感建筑物规划控制，采取阻断传声路径、受声建筑物强化保护等措施控制噪声影响。     

开封市交通噪声环境质量现状二级模糊综合评价

运用二级模糊综合评价法，对开封市区交通噪声环境质量进行现状评价，评价结果为开封市交通噪声环境质量总体上昼闻属于轻污染，夜间属于重度污染，夜间交通噪声环境质量明显劣于昼闻．其结论符合开封市的实际情况，不仅能较好地描述开封市交通噪声环境污染的连续、渐变、模糊的特点，而且还弥补了一级模糊综合评价难以反映出小范围路段对整体环境质量贡献的不足．     

基于网络大数据的公众感知城市声环境研究

尝试基于网络大数据建立区域性公众意见收集及制图方法，分析城市声环境的时空变化特征及噪声来源组成。研究表明，公众对城市声环境的反馈意见集中在城市内部的成熟地区，随着向城市外部延伸而降低，热点地区在空间分布上呈现年纪间变化的特征。定量化识别公众认为的城市3大噪声来源，包括工地施工（74.45%）、生产加工（1394%）、机器运行（3.29%）。公众对夜晚城市声环境更加敏感，感知的夜间噪声占比（85.26%）显著高于白天，在22：00公众感知噪声量快速升高并达到峰值。     

降雨影响噪声自动监测数据的有效性判定分析

选取北京市近5年夏半年（4—9月）夜间的降雨数据及相关噪声自动监测小时等效声级，对小时雨量与噪声自动监测数据进行数学统计分析，找出影响噪声监测数据的小时雨量值及不同声级受雨噪声影响的雨量限值，作为降雨对噪声自动监测小时等效声级的有效性判定条件。     

兰州交通大学校园噪声的监测与评价

对兰州交通大学校园环境噪声进行了实地监测,分析了兰州交通大学校园内教学区和学生生活区的环境噪声污染状况,结果表明,兰州交通大学教学区和生活区的噪声值存在不同程度的超标,其中生活区夜间噪声值超标最为严重。最后针对监测中发现的问题提出了相应的对策.     

《建筑施工场界噪声限值》与《建筑施工场界噪声测量方法》两标准需修订

目前使用的《建筑施工场界噪声限值》(GB1 2 52 3 -90 )标准与《建筑施工场界噪声测量方法》(GB1 2 52 4 -90 )标准和当前的环境管理与环境监测工作已不相适应 ,需重新修订。以利于环境管理和环境监测工作的需要。给人们提供一个安静的生活环境。     

东沙沙洲离岸潮间带风电场建设对鸟类的影响

对东沙沙洲离岸潮间带风电场的建设给鸟类造成的影响进行了调查。分析表明,噪声对东沙沙洲迁徙鸟类影响不大;光对夜间迁徙鸟类造成一定的影响;风机对候鸟迁徙影响不大,少数低飞候鸟可能存在撞机风险;风机基础和人工岛的永久占地造成的直接生物量损失为3.2 t/a,总计损失约64万元;风电场建设将使东沙沙洲鸟类栖息地面积减少81.5 km2,约占总栖息地面积的13.9%,但风机对鸻鹬类等中小型涉禽、水鸟的觅食影响不大,风电场区域仍可作为这些鸟类的觅食地。在影响分析的基础上提出了设计、施工、运营阶段相应的防范措施。     

2Loud?: Community mapping of exposure to traffic noise with mobile phones

Despite ample medical evidence of the adverse impacts of traffic noise on health, most policies for traffic noise management are arbitrary or incomplete, resulting in serious social and economic impacts. Surprisingly, there is limited information about citizen’s exposure to traffic noise worldwide. This paper presents the 2Loud? mobile phone application, developed and tested as a methodology to monitor, assess and map the level of exposure to traffic noise of citizens with focus on the night period and indoor locations, since sleep disturbance is one of the major triggers for ill health related to traffic noise. Based on a community participation experiment using the 2Loud? mobile phone application in a region close to freeways in Australia, the results of this research indicates a good level of accuracy for the noise monitoring by mobile phones and also demonstrates significant levels of indoor night exposure to traffic noise in the study area. The proposed methodology, through the data produced and the participatory process involved, can potentially assist in planning and management towards healthier urban environments.     

Monitoring and assessment of daily exposure of roadside workers to traffic noise levels in an Asian city: a case study of Bangkok streets

Four noise monitoring sites were strategically established to evaluate average noise level and audiometric assessment at various traffic zones of Bangkok Metropolitan Region (BMR). During the monitoring period, noise levels were found to be 72.8–83.0 dBA during day time and 59.5–74.5 dBA during night time. The finding also indicated that traffic noise levels depend on distance from roadside, diurnal variation and character of the traffic and street configuration. Audiometric measurement of 4000 persons was carried by four major hospitals in Bangkok to study the relationship between traffic noise exposure of groups of people working in the streets and hearing loss. Four different categories of occupational people, i.e., drivers, street vendors, traffic officers and dwellers were selected and were further classified into age groups (16–25, 26–35, 36–45 and 46–55 years old) to monitor the traffic noise induced hearing loss throughout their everyday lives. The control group was deliberately chosen to screen out the effects of traffic noise. According to the audiometric investigation, it was revealed that hearing capacity of the daily noise exposure groups living in the three urban sites (Yaowarat Road, Din Daeng Road and Ratchaprarop Road) were noticeably poorer than those who were living in suburban site (Phahonyothin Road). It was noted that the mean hearing threshold level (HTL) of the 16–25 years old groups were found to have better hearing capacity than those older adults of 46–55 years old. In particular the mean HTL dropped at the frequency of 4000 Hz. Among the occupational population who were living in the urban monitoring sites, the driver groups were found to have the highest risk of traffic noise induced hearing loss.     

广州市昼夜道路交通噪声的监测与分析

对广州市的昼夜交通噪声污染现状进行了分区域分道路等级的实地监测,得到共53个监测点位白天和夜晚的等效声级及其统计声级,同时对每个监测点展开了交通流调查,并分析交通流特征对交通噪声的影响。监测结果表明, 白天快速路、主干路、次干路及支路的平均等效声级分别为74.2、72.2、67.8、65.1 dB,快速路及主干路沿线的交通噪声污染比次干路及支路的严重。夜晚所有测点的噪声值均超过55 dB,快速路、主干路、次干路及支路的平均等效声级分别为72.2、72.3、66.3、64.5 dB,广州市夜晚的交通噪声污染较为严重。     

张家港市声环境相关问题问卷调查

对张家港市7个镇176名居民进行了有关声环境保护的问卷调查。结果表明,张家港市声环境质量近年来得到改善,57%的调查对象对声环境质量感到满意,市民对声环境的关注度较高。调查对象认为主要噪声污染源为建筑施工源,其次为工业源,然后是交通运输源,最后为社会生活噪声。4种噪声源实际导致的噪声污染事件数量间没有明显差别,其中社会生活噪声造成的污染情况数最多。居民实际遭遇的噪声污染事件类别和居民受教育程度会对居民提出声环境保护措施的倾向产生显著影响。     

Development of Noise Simulation Model for Stationary and Mobile Sources: A GIS-Based Approach

In the rapidly urbanizing country like India, the transportation sector is growing rapidly, which lead to overcrowded roads producing air and noise pollution. Noise of a particular region is influenced by the volume of traffic on the highway, in addition to other causative factors like existing infrastructure and industrial setup etc. In the present paper, a geographical information system (GIS)-based noise simulation model has been developed to generate noise levels in Versova region of Mumbai, India. The study area comprises effect of infrastructure, road network, traffic volume, and various mechanical components like sewage pumping station and wastewater treatment facility. Various meteorological parameters and effect of land use and land cover on noise attenuation are also considered in the model. In this way, commutative noise prediction for point as well as mobile sources has been presented in the study. GIS-based noise simulation has been calibrated with observed noise levels during day and night time with correlation of 0.84 and 0.74, respectively.     

机场周边环境噪声验收监测频次探究

通过比较3个不同类型机场周边敏感点噪声连续1昼夜、连续2昼夜与连续7昼夜平均计权等效连续感觉声级值之间的差异发现,对于同一监测目标,连续1昼夜与连续7昼夜声级值差异不超过2.2 d B,连续2昼夜与连续7昼夜声级值差异不超过1.8 d B,连续1昼夜或2昼夜与连续7昼夜的噪声监测结果差别不大。