风对环境噪声自动监测的影响分析

结合大量监测数据及相关资料,对环境噪声监测中声级-风速相关性进行分析,提出进行环境噪声自动监测时,为保证监测数据的科学性和准确性,应同步进行风速测量,参考风速监测数据对噪声监测数据进行有效取舍。     

用计算机实现环境噪声的自动监测

国内环境噪声监测仍沿袭着"仪器放点"、"数据整理"、"计算机录入"等旧的一套监测模式,自动化程度较低并且没有留存原始声级数据.文章介绍的用计算机实现环境噪声自动监测,比较好地解决了以上问题.文中对监测系统的功能要求、系统构成、系统软件以及系统的先进性作了简要的说明与阐述.     

城市环境噪声自动监测系统技术探讨

从分析城市环境噪声自动监测的重要性和优点出发，对城市环境噪声自动监测系统监测项目及点位的布设和系统的结构等技术问题进行了探讨。     

常州市城市噪声自动监测系统建设与发展方向

相对手工监测而言,噪声自动监测更能真实反映城市声环境质量,随着自动监测技术的不断完善,环境噪声自动监测替代手工监测已成为必然趋势.重点介绍了常州市城市噪声自动监测系统,并对运行状况、存在问题及发展方法进行分析探讨.     

国内外噪声自动监测系统研究新进展

先把环境噪声的人工监测方法和自动监测方法进行了对比,结果表明自动监测是环境噪声监测的必然趋势。在分析了目前国内外噪声自动监测研究的相关论文后,从城市环境噪声数据的性质、噪声自动监测系统的物理构成、噪声监测子站的布设、噪声自动监测有效时间的确定以及如何能从已得到的噪声数据中获得更多的信息这几个方面综述了目前国内外噪声自动监测相关研究的最新成果。并对其进一步的研究发展方向进行了展望。     

关于城市环境噪声自动监测工作的思考

以环境噪声自动监测调查和研究为基础，对噪声自动监测的必要性、可行性进行分析。结合实际工作经验，提出了开展噪声自动监测工作需注意的规划、针对性、实际应用、可持续发展等问题。     

降雨影响噪声自动监测数据的有效性判定分析

选取北京市近5年夏半年（4—9月）夜间的降雨数据及相关噪声自动监测小时等效声级，对小时雨量与噪声自动监测数据进行数学统计分析，找出影响噪声监测数据的小时雨量值及不同声级受雨噪声影响的雨量限值，作为降雨对噪声自动监测小时等效声级的有效性判定条件。     

环境噪声自动监测系统建设与运行的探讨

结合常州市环境噪声自动监测系统的建设和运行,建议子站位置合理避开非正常干扰因素,有效进行机箱的降温和安全防护,同时对数据比对监测等方面进行探讨,对各地陆续开展的噪声自动监测系统建设有所帮助。     

噪声自动监测仪控制软件的改编

一、概述随着环境噪声监测由指针式声级计人工读数和计算向仪表数字化、采样自动化和数据处理计算机化方向发展,,环境噪声自动监测仪已经在环境监测、科研部门广泛使用.这类仪器目前主要有南京前卫电子技术应用所生产的NN—Ⅰ、SAC—Ⅱ型;国营四三八○厂嘉兴分厂生产的HS6211、HS6220型;海门电子应用所生产的ZZ—A型;衡阳仪表厂生产的HY型及科学院声所生产的噪声数据采集器等.其中NN—Ⅰ、SAC—Ⅱ、HS6211、HS6220、     

南京市环境噪声在线自动监测试点工作正式启动

根据国家环境监测总站和江苏省环境监测中心的部署，已将南京市环境监测中心站列为环境噪声在线自动监测试点单位之一。目前由哈尔滨市环境信息中心提供的“环境噪声在线自动监测系统”已安装在典型工业噪声类型的南京扬巴工业区，经一个月时间的运行实验，系统工作正常。     

X射线荧光光谱法测定土壤及底泥中多种元素

采用粉末压片、X射线荧光光谱法测定土壤及底泥样品中铜、铅、铬、锌、镍等多种元素.优化了测量条件,采用理论α系数法校正基体效应,校准样品校正谱线重叠干扰,经标准样品及不同分析方法验证,该方法定量准确,分析速度快,精密度和准确度均符合要求.     

A Study of Sorptive Loss Patterns for Reduced Sulfur Compounds in the Use of the Bag Sampling Method

In this work, the basic properties of the bag sampling method were examined and characterized in terms of recovery rate with respect to four reduced sulfur compounds (RSC) including H₂S, CH₃SH, DMS, and DMDS. For this comparative study, two types of calibration approaches were performed to evaluate the relative RSC loss due to bag sampling. As a reference calibration tool, a syringe dilution (SD) method was applied. The working standards prepared by diluting the primary standard in a gas-tight syringe (as a mixing chamber) were injected to the GC/PFPD through a loop-injection system to yield a background calibration information. In contrast, the target calibration was performed based on a bag dilution (BD) method. To this end, working standards for multiple calibration points were prepared by two different bag types (Tedlar bag (TB) and polyester bag (PB)). These standards were then drawn by the same syringe and injected into the GC/PFPD via loop. On the basis of these comparative analyses, both absolute and relative differences in RSC recovery rates (RR) were evaluated (e.g., comparison of wall-loss effect). The results indicate that TB has a mean RR of 87% for the four RSC with their values ranging from 82 (CH₃SH) to 91% (DMDS). On the other hand, the results of PB generally exhibited slightly reduced RR with their mean values of 77% (range: 73% of H₂S to 83% of DMS). The results of this study generally suggest that the losses of RSC samples, while inevitable with the bag sampling method, exhibit certain patterns between different RSCs and between different grab sampling materials.     

化学分析方法校准曲线有关问题的探讨

校准曲线的线性范围为测定下限与测定上限之间的浓度范围,测定上限应尽可能扩大,但要保证校准曲线呈线性,同时,最高点分析后不会对分析系统造成污染物残留。通常应根据分析方法原理、仪器的特点和样品基质情况来确定校准方式。对于线性校准曲线,除了相关系数外,还要根据不同情况,对校准曲线进行检验。校准曲线的合格判定,除考虑相关系数外,还需要用校准曲线重新计算校准点,对于线性校准,所有校准点计算结果拟合值与实际值的相对误差应在±30%以内,对于非线性二阶校准曲线,应进行最大值与最小值检验。     

测定地表水中悬浮物的空白校正

进行了测定地表水中悬浮物空白校正与不作空白校正的对比试验 ,得出不作空白校正存在较大误差 ,认为测定地表水中悬浮物时应作空白校正。同时用测定海水中悬浮物的方法作测定地表水中悬浮物的试验 ,试验效果较好 ,符合测定要求。建议可用测定海水中悬浮物的方法来测定地表水中悬浮物     

高通量固定污染源废气颗粒物中总汞的测定

用玻璃纤维滤筒采集固定污染源废气颗粒物,借助硝酸和氢氟酸的作用,使滤筒和废气颗粒物在160℃下消解,再用原子荧光法测定消解液中总汞。用50%热硝酸溶液处理玻璃纤维滤筒,消除滤筒本底值不一对测定结果的干扰,并优化消解过程,使该方法在0.050μg/L~1.00μg/L范围内线性良好。当采样体积为10 L时,方法检出限为4.5×10~(-5)mg/m~3,空白加标样6次测定结果的RSD为7.2%,加标回收率为87.0%~113%。将该方法用于测定某固定污染源废气颗粒物中总汞,测定值在标准排放限值内。     

热分解-冷原子吸收法测定土壤中汞

采用热分解处理土壤样品,用冷原子吸收法测定样品中的汞,通过优化固体测汞仪的分析条件、确定校准曲线的线性范围和样品的称样量,使该方法在0.025 mg/kg~1.50 mg/kg范围内线性良好。当取样量为0.2 g时,方法检出限为0.000 9 mg/kg,有证标准物质的测定结果在保证值范围内,高、低浓度标准物质6次测定结果的RSD分别为4.6%和4.8%。用热分解法与国标法同时处理样品并测定,其测定结果无显著差别。     

平行双样法绘制校准曲线

通过对 SO2 采用平行双样法绘制校准曲线可知 ,该法简单、省力 ,且对显色稳定时间较短的显色反应更适用。     

Advanced REACH Tool (ART): calibration of the mechanistic model

The mechanistic model of the Advanced Reach Tool (ART) provides a relative ranking of exposure levels from different scenarios. The objectives of the calibration described in this paper are threefold: to study whether the mechanistic model scores are accurately ranked in relation to exposure measurements; to enable the mechanistic model to estimate actual exposure levels rather than relative scores; and to provide a method of quantifying model uncertainty. Stringent data quality guidelines were applied to the collated data. Linear mixed effects models were used to evaluate the association between relative ART model scores and measurements. A random scenario and company component of variance were introduced to reflect the model uncertainty. Stratified analyses were conducted for different forms of exposure (abrasive dust, dust, vapours and mists). In total more than 2000 good quality measurements were available for the calibration of the mechanistic model. The calibration showed that after calibration the mechanistic model of ART was able to estimate geometric mean (GM) exposure levels with 90% confidence for a given scenario to lie within a factor between two and six of the measured GM depending upon the form of exposure.     

近岸海域水质自动监测质量保证和质量控制

根据实际工作经验,阐述了近岸海域水质自动监测系统运行过程中的质量保证与质量控制措施,包括建立规章制度、实验室条件、设备维护和校准、数据检查和审核、记录等方面的要求,通过实例介绍了设备维护和校准周期的确定、设备维护效果的影响和数据有效性的判别等,为近岸海域连续自动监测系统的有效管理提供依据。     

便携式烟气SO_2监测仪的原理与应用

便携式烟气ＳＯ２ 监测仪目前已经成为锅炉污染源监测的主要手段。从仪器的原理入手,通过介绍仪器的结构和工作过程,对仪器应用中的标定、校准、现场测试的步骤给以介绍,并给出了仪器法和碘量法的对比测试结果。