农村土壤利用城市生活垃圾施肥的调查研究

对城市生活垃圾和农村利用垃圾施肥及利用垃圾养殖蚯蚓的情况作了深入的调查研究.调查结果表明城市生活垃圾在一定条件下能为农业提供良好的有机肥料,改善农村土壤结构,提高土壤中多种肥分含量.根据本地城市生活垃圾特征和土地资源情况,堆肥和填埋相结合处理城市生活垃圾不失为符合山区实际的一种方法.     

四川省城市生活垃圾的组成及特性

对四川省典型城市生活垃圾的组成、元素分析及热值等实验结果进行分析,结果表明:典型城市生活垃圾具有厨余含量高(57.4%～66.1%)、渣土含量少(1.9%～11.7%)的特点;四川省城市生活垃圾热值介于4 200～5 500 kJ/kg之间,且大部分处在4 800～5 500 kJ/kg之间;攀枝花、绵阳和成都市金牛区城市生活垃圾热值较高,适合采用焚烧法,内江和遂宁的城市生活垃圾热值偏低,宜采用填埋的方法。     

厌氧填埋垃圾降解阶段指标体系的建立

以厌氧填埋场中垃圾的降解过程为依托点,从渗滤液的水质特征和填埋气的组成两个方面筛选出判断指标,最后建立判断填埋垃圾降解阶段的指标体系.结果表明,ρ(BOD5)/ρ(COD)可以反映出渗滤液的可生化性,从而间接反映出填埋垃圾所处的降解阶段,是判断填埋垃圾降解阶段的重要定量指标.     

论城市生活垃圾处理方法

讨论几种城市生活垃圾的处理方法，认为我国城市生活垃圾的处理工艺应以卫生填埋和特殊垃圾焚烧相结合。     

丽江垃圾填埋场地质环境影响因素及适宜性评价

生活垃圾卫生填埋场的选址涉及多方面因素,该文通过对丽江市生活垃圾填埋的历史与现状、填埋量、填埋场分布等状况的分析,用层次分析法对正在使用填埋场进行适宜性评价,分析了导致污染的主要环境地质问题,对已污染填埋场的治理和未来填埋场的选址具有指导意义.     

非分散红外线气体法测定生活垃圾填埋气中二氧化碳

采用非分散红外线气体法测定生活垃圾填埋气中的二氧化碳，介绍了填埋气监测井的设置及样品采集和测定方法，讨论了稀释倍数、配气方法和填埋气成分对测定的影响，经验证，方法准确度和精密度均符合要求。     

城市垃圾的治理方法评述

介绍了城市生活垃圾的堆肥、填埋、焚烧、综合利用等治理方法的基本情况，并对其优缺点进行了评述。     

兰州市城市生活垃圾分类收集方法初探

在分析兰州市城市生活垃圾产生量及成分的基础上，对兰州市生活垃圾的分类及分类收集的具体方法进行了探讨。     

广州生活垃圾处理的思路与对策

简述了广州生活垃圾生成与处理的现状。指出了广州生活垃圾处理存在的主要问题,对广州市未来10 a—15 a生活垃圾产生量进行了预测。在对生活垃圾填埋和焚烧处理成本进行比较的基础上,提出了广州生活垃圾处理的行动内容。     

武威市城市生活垃圾处理工艺及探讨

通过城市生活垃圾的现状，就武威市城市生活垃圾的处理工艺进行了分析及探讨．     

浅析无锡城市垃圾处理发展方向

对垃圾成分和数量进行了分析,结合国内外垃圾处理的发展状况,针对无锡市的实际情况,提出了加强垃圾分类收集,以分选回收、焚烧、再生等手段实现垃圾的资源化系统。     

浅谈乌鲁木齐市生活垃圾处理策略

如何治理城市生活垃圾是全国迫切需要解决的焦点问题,乌鲁木齐市亦然。乌鲁木齐市现行的垃圾对策和管理模式已不适应解决这一问题,必须作根本性调整。经过调查研究,并借鉴国内外经验,提出适合乌鲁木齐市生活垃圾处理的具体对策。     

城市生活垃圾分类处理机制研究

简述了城市生活垃圾分类处理的理论原则,对比分析了国内外城市生活垃圾分类处理在法律法规、资金保障措施、垃圾分类收集方式和全民环境意识教育4个方面的做法与特点。提出了健全垃圾分类处理体制机制,推进生产者延伸责任制模式,完善垃圾分类收运体系,提高全民环境意识水平的建议。     

Exposure of garbage truck drivers and maintenance personnel at a waste handling centre to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons derived from diesel exhaust

Exposure to diesel exhaust was evaluated in summer and winter by measuring vapour and particle phase polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Fifteen PAHs were simultaneously determined from the air samples obtained from truck drivers collecting household waste and maintenance personnel at a waste handling centre. The major compounds analysed from the personal air samples of exposed workers were naphthalene, phenanthrene and fluorene. The total PAH exposure (sum of 15 PAHs) of garbage truck drivers ranged from 71 to 2,660 ng m(-3) and from 68 to 900 ng m-3 in the maintenance work. The exposure of garbage truck drivers to benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) ranged from the mean of 0.03 to 0.3 ng m(-3) whereas no B[a]P in control samples or in those collected from maintenance workers was detected. A statistically significant difference in diesel-derived PAH exposure between the garbage truck drivers and the control group in both seasons (in summer p = 0.0022, degrees of freedom (df) 70.5; and in winter p < 0.0001, df = 80.4) was observed. Also, a significant difference in PAH exposure between the garbage truck drivers and the maintenance workers (in summer p < 0.0001, df = 50.1; and in winter p < 0.0001, df = 44.2) was obtained.     

城市生活垃圾理化特性研究

本文对北京昌平冬季城市生活垃圾的理化特性进行了研究。测定了垃圾的物相组成，分析了垃圾中Ｃ、Ｈ、Ｏ、Ｎ、Ｓ的含量，进行了原生垃圾浸出毒性试验，测定了垃圾的发热量及其它化学性能，为探索城市垃圾的减量化、无害化、资源化的技术途径提供了技术支持。     

Reaction kinetics and validity of BOD test for domestic wastewater released in marine ecosystems

With urbanization of coastal cities, marine pollution is becoming a severe problem. The rates of biodegradation, decomposition, and ratification of pollutants get slowed down due to salinity. The higher temperatures prevalent in tropical regions significantly affect reaction rates. Multiple factors influence the rate of biodegradation, making the process complex. Hence, prediction and evaluation of the assimilative capacity of the marine environment due to wastewater discharges is becoming a difficult task. Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) is a wet oxidation process, which follows first-order kinetics. The values of kinetic rate constants are expected to differ with varying salinities and temperatures. Research is carried out using glucose-glutamic acid and domestic wastewater to evaluate the impact of salinity on biodegradation of carbonaceous waste at 20°C and 27°C. The findings confirm the hypothesis of slow biodegradation of carbonaceous organic matter in marine waters. An inverse relationship between rate of biodegradation and salinity was observed. BOD exertion at 20°C (5?days) and 27°C (3?days) for the marine environment is comparable at selected salinities thereby confirming the validity of BOD test of shorter duration at elevated temperature.     

Changes in the sorption and rate of 17β-estradiol biodegradation by dissolved organic matter collected from different water sources

The potential biodegradation and subsequent transformation of 17β-estradiol (E2) to estrone (E1) were examined in the presence of various dissolved organic matter (DOM) isolated from effluent, river and lake waters. In addition, estrogenicity was estimated in association with the removal of E2 via its sorption onto DOM and biodegradation. The more biodegradable lake-derived DOM promoted more extensive transformation of E2 into E1 than the effluent organic matter through a biodegradation process. Overall, under all conditions, biodegradation dominated the removal of E2 in water. The increased dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations in river and lake-derived DOM (e.g. 6.5 mg C L(-1)) reduced the removal of E2 by decreasing its biodegradation due to the moderate sorption of E2 onto DOM. The effluent organic matter showed greater removal of E2 via biodegradation, as well as significantly high sorption. This was associated with a large amount of hydrophobic fulvic acid (FA)- and humic acid (HA)-like organic components, as shown by the small increase in the specific UV absorbance at 254 nm (SUVA(254)). An increase in the DOC concentration reduced the removal of E2, resulting in high estrogenicity. The present study suggests that both organic composition and DOC concentration influenced the removal of E2 and, therefore, should be fully considered when assessing estrogenicity and its impacts on the aquatic environment.     

千岛湖镇垃圾填埋场渗滤液对千岛湖环境影响分析

通过对垃圾场渗滤液和附近水域监测，分析了垃圾场的污染状况和对千岛湖造成的危害。     

关于中小城市生活垃圾的处理与回收利用的探讨

对城市生活垃圾的分类回收、处理进行了探讨，对完善城市基础设施建设，改善投资环境将起到重要作用。