地表水中TOC与COD换算关系研究

总有机碳(TOC)相对于化学需氧量(COD) 能够更全面地反映水体中有机物的污染程度,且TOC测定仪操作简单,数据准确。通过18个地表水水质自动监测站对水中有机污染物的COD与TOC监测数据的相关性研究,建立了TOC与COD之间的线性回归方程,为地表水的TOC监测代替COD监测提供了数据支持。     

大庆城市生活污水处理厂TOC与COD的相关性分析

总有机碳（TOC）相对于COD能够更全面地反映水体中有机物的污染程度，用TOC监测代替COD监测有利于实现监测仪器化、自动化．以大庆市东城区污水处理厂进水与出水为研究对象，建立了二者之间的线性回归方程     

COD与TOC测定方法的比较

系统地对比了 COD和 TOC 两种水中有机污染指标测定方法原理，得出了 TOC 在直接代表水质有机污染、氧化有机物完全、产生二次污染物少、测定时间短和消耗劳动力少等方面优于 COD 的结论，并分析了 TOC 取代 COD 的难点和趋势。     

特定水质中BOD_5与COD相关性的探讨

化学耗氧量(COD)、生化需氧量(BOD)以及总有机碳(TOC)、总耗氧量(TOD),它们都是评价水质好坏的重要指标。COD是指示水体受有机物及无机还原性物质污染的主要指标,而水样受有机物污染是普遍的,因此化学耗氧量(COD)也可作为有机物相对含量的指标之一。生化需氧量(BOD)     

城镇污水处理厂TOC与COD相关性分析及应用

通过在线TOC水质自动分析仪方法与实验室COD方法比对，建立TOC-COD一元线性回归方程，且将其应用到上海市44家污水处理厂出水中TOC与COD值的转换，并在污水处理厂进行在线TOC水质自动分析仪及在线COD水质自动分析仪监测值比对实验。结果表明,TOC-COD一元线性回归方程相关系数r为 0.963，废水中TOC与COD值线性显著相关，通过上述回归方程将在线TOC水质自动分析仪监测值转化COD监测值与在线COD水质自动仪监测值进行相对误差比较，88.4％的数据满足《水污染源在线监测系统安装技术规范（试行）》（HJ/T 355－2007）规范要求；用上述转换方程换算上海市44家污水处理厂TOC值得到的COD值与实验室COD值进行误差计算， 87.3%的数据满足上述规范要求，验证了在线TOC值转换COD值在污水行业的适用性。     

印染废水中总有机碳与化学需氧量的相关性

通过测定水中TOC浓度，可综合性地判断废水中有机物污染的程度，也能全面、合理地了解废水中的有机污染物。现采用TOC4100燃烧氧化-非分散红外吸收测定仪，对几种印染废水进行分析测试，并通过对TOC值与COD值的比较，找出印染废水中TOC与COD的相关性。     

杭州市钱塘江干支流水质多元统计分析

运用多元统计方法分析了杭州市钱塘江干支流上26个断面的水质监测指标。利用系统聚类分析方法将断面所在河流分为3组,与钱塘江流域污染空间分布现状基本一致。对各组水质的主成分分析表明,第1组河流水质以有机污染为主,水体中氮、磷营养盐浓度较高,水体污染程度较轻,污染来源相对单一;第2组河流水体受有机物、重金属、石油类等多个污染指标的影响,水体水质较第1组差,污染来源相对复杂;第3组河流水体既有一般有机污染,也有重金属、有毒有害物质的污染,水体水质污染严重。     

快速推算废水中的BOD 5

生化需氧量（BOD5）是评定污、废水中有机物污染程度的一个重要指标，但经典的稀释接种法测定BOD5步骤烦琐、耗时。随着经济发展，城市污水增加，水质监测工作日益增多，有必要找出测定BOD5更简便的方法。实验表明，总有机碳（TOC）与BOD5之间存在一定的相关性，两者的原理虽不尽相同，但对于同一类污水，     

基于常规给水处理工艺COD和TOC相关性研究

本文通过对平山头自来水厂中各处理单元中水体有机物的COD与TOC监测数据的研究,建立两者之间的线性回归方程,结果表明两者存在良好的线性关系,为平山头自来水厂水体中有机物的TOC监测代替COD监测提供了依据。     

地面水高锰酸盐指数与重铬酸钾法相关关系的探讨

化学需氧量与高锰酸盐指数这两个相似而不相同的概念提出后,反映在地面水水质分析评价上就产生了精确与粗略的问题。以往地面水中有机物、还原性污染物的指标是以高锰酸盐指数为依据的,由于高锰酸盐指数在规定条件下,水中有机物只能部分被氧化,并不是理论上的需氧量,也不是反映水体中总有机物含量的尺度,而重铬酸钾法对大多数有机化合物氧化程度可达到理论值的95％～100％,因此用重铬酸钾法分析地面水反映水体还原性物质与有机物的污染更能说明问题,就分析方法而言,高锰酸盐指数较重铬酸钾法有测试简单、快速、经济的优点。鉴于这两方面的因素,对高锰酸盐指数和重铬酸钾法进行对比分析,研究其相关性,建立关系式,用高锰酸盐指数直接估算COD,达到较直观、准确地反映水体有机污染现状的目的。     

Monitoring dissolved organic carbon in surface and drinking waters

The presence of natural organic matter (NOM) strongly impacts drinking water treatment, water quality, and water behavior during distribution. Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations were determined daily over a 22 month period in river water before and after conventional drinking water treatment using an on-line total organic carbon (TOC) analyzer. Quantitative and qualitative variations in organic matter were related to precipitation and runoff, seasons and operating conditions. Following a rainfall event, DOC levels could increase by 3.5 fold over baseflow concentrations, while color, UV absorbance values and turbidity increased by a factor of 8, 12 and 300, respectively. Treated water DOC levels were closely related to the source water quality, with an average organic matter removal of 42% after treatment.     

深圳市饮用水源中CODMn与TOC的相关性研究

通过对深圳市饮用水源中CODMn和TOC测定结果的相关性分析,结果表明,水库内监测点位及监测区域CODMn与TOC相关性良好,水库外监测点位及监测区域CODMn与TOC相关性不显著,而整个监测区域的CODMn与总有机碳相关性令人满意。因此,提出了TOC值可直接作为饮用水源在线监测有机污染物的综合评价指标,同时也实现了湿式氧化法测定TOC在地表水监测中的应用。     

Total organic carbon analyzers as tools for measuring carbonaceous matter in natural waters

For some utilities, new US drinking water regulations may require the removal of disinfection byproduct (DBP) precursor material as a means of minimizing DBP formation. The Environmental Protection Agency's Stage 1 DBP Rule relies on total organic carbon (TOC) concentrations as a measure of the effectiveness of treatment techniques for removing organic material that could act as DBP precursors. Accordingly, precise and accurate methods are needed for the determination of TOC and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations in raw and finished potable water supplies. This review describes the current analytical technologies and summarizes the key factors affecting measurement quality. It provides a look into the fundamental principles and workings of TOC analyzers. Current peroxydisulfuric acid wet ashing methods and combustion methods are discussed. Issues affecting quality control, such as non-zero blanks and preservation, are covered. Some of the difficulties in analyzing water for TOC and DOC that were identified up to 20 years ago still remain problematic today. Limitations in technology, reagent purity, operator skill and knowledge of natural organic matter (NOM) can preclude the level of precision and accuracy desirable for compliance monitoring.     

Performance of bioreactor landfill with waste mined from a dumpsite

Emissions from landfills via leachate and gas are influenced by state and stability of the organic matter in the solid waste and the environmental conditions within the landfill. This paper describes a modified, ecologically sound waste treatment technique, where municipal solid waste is anaerobically treated in a lysimeter-scale landfill bioreactor with leachate recirculation to enhance organic degradation. The results demonstrate a substantial decrease in organic matter (BOD 99%, COD 88% and TOC 81%) and a clear decrease in nutrient concentrations especially ammonia (85%) over a period of 1 year with leachate recirculation.     

COD and TOC analysis of leachate from a solidified organic waste

Several combinations of binders and absorbent additives were utilized to solidify a typical organic waste, API Separator sludge. The effectiveness of the materials was based on the waste leachability from the solidified samples. COD and TOC analyses were used to determine the organic content of the leachate samples.The ability of the COD and TOC analyses to assess waste leachability was limited. The inability of the COD and TOC tests to differentiate between organic compounds made the results difficult to interpret. This was due to organic contaminants from the solidification materials contributing to the COD and TOC contents of the leachates. Also, the COD test may have be influenced by reduced inorganic compounds contained in the flyash binder and the sludge. Representative samples for the TOC analysis were difficult to obtain for the leachates containing oils or suspended particles. It is recommended that the COD and TOC tests only be used as a screening method for determining solidified organic waste leachability and other methods need to be employed to obtain more accurate results.     

常州市老城区水体有机污染分布特征及原因初探

为了老城区河道的合理整治,采用总有机碳（TOC）分析仪对常州市老城区3条河流及区域内浅层地下水的14个采样点水样进行3个月的总有机碳含量检测。老城区水环境受到不同程度的有机污染,某些地下水的TOC含量高于地表水,原因为地表水补给地下水,且老城区水体污染源主要来源于周边地区的生活污水,并受到关河、雨水等的影响,这为常州市老城区水污染治理提供了依据。     

水体中TOC与COD相关性研究

针对不同地区的地表水、生活污水和工业废水的TOC和COD进行了测试,对测定值进行线性回归分析。结果表明,不同类型的水体其TOC与COD均具有一定的相关性,尤其是生活污水和工业废水,TOC与COD相关性比较显著,在一定条件下可由测定的TOC值推算出COD值。     

Assessing the feasibility of wastewater recycling and treatment efficiency of wastewater treatment units

Wastewater reuse can significantly reduce environmental pollution and save the water sources. The study selected Cheng-Ching Lake water treatment plant in southern Taiwan to discuss the feasibility of wastewater recycling and treatment efficiency of wastewater treatment units. The treatment units of this plant include wastewater basin, sedimentation basin, sludge thickener and sludge dewatering facility. In this study, the treatment efficiency of SS and turbidity were 48.35–99.68% and 24.15–99.36%, respectively, showing the significant removal efficiency of the wastewater process. However, the removal efficiencies of NH₃–N, total organic carbon (TOC) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) are limited by wastewater treatment processes. Because NH₃–N, TOC and COD of the mixing supernatant and raw water are regulated raw water quality standards, supernatant reuse is feasible and workable during wastewater processes at this plant. Overall, analytical results indicated that supernatant reuse is feasible.