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1.
为精准治理流域非点源氮磷污染,基于SWAT模型,运用本地区第二次全国污染源普查数据和2000—2019年流域水文、水质数据,开展湘江永州流域非点源氮磷污染模拟。结果表明:湘江永州流域建立的SWAT模型具有较好的模拟效果,流域2005—2019年的总氮月均污染负荷为383.40~17 998.70 t/m;总磷月均污染负荷为64.62~567.86 t/m,总氮和总磷各月污染负荷均与各月降雨量呈显著相关关系;农田和林地是本流域总氮、总磷污染负荷总量最大的2种用地类型,但两者之间单位面积输出的污染负荷强度却相反,林地对流域水污染防控具有正面效应,农田种植面源污染是非点源氮磷污染治理的重点。  相似文献   

2.
基于2015—2020年淮河入洪泽湖断面的水文水质数据,利用LOADEST模型建立污染物通量与河流流量之间的统计回归模型,并估算淮河入洪泽湖总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)污染物通量。结果表明,2005—2020年间淮河TN、TP年平均输移通量分别为(4 730.14±1 893.32)t、(257.56.±108.53)t;受流量变幅影响,TN、TP输移通量与河流流量均呈极显著性相关关系(p<0.01)。采用M-K检验分析发现,研究期间淮河TN和TP的输移通量总体上呈下降趋势,2018年12月后受入湖水量与氮磷浓度双重影响氮磷输移通量下降趋势更为明显。  相似文献   

3.
太湖氮磷大气干湿沉降时空特征   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
为了探索太湖氮磷营养盐干湿沉降特征及对太湖营养盐输入的贡献,于2011年不同季节采集太湖不同位点的大气干湿沉降样品,分析干湿沉降中氮(N)和磷(P)的形态和沉降量。研究结果表明,输入太湖的磷以干沉降为主,而氮以湿沉降为主。在太湖干沉降中总无机氮(TIN)占总氮(TN)的77.1%,溶解性磷(DIP)占总磷(TP)的77.9%。干沉降中TIN主要以NH+4-N为主。西太湖是TN与TP通过大气干湿沉降输入太湖的最高湖区。太湖全年大气TN沉降总量为20 978 t,TP沉降总量为1 268 t,因此,氮磷大气干湿沉降是太湖营养盐输入的重要来源之一。  相似文献   

4.
滇池东南岸农业和富磷区入湖河流地表径流及污染特征   总被引:6,自引:1,他引:5  
应用聚类分析与因子分析方法,通过8次常规监测,对滇池东南岸10条以农业面源和受磷矿开采区影响的入湖河流的地表径流及其水质污染特征进行了分析,并探讨了其空间差异性。在南岸选取降雨过程相同的3条河流,开展暴雨径流监测,探讨污染物在降雨过程中的流失特征。结果表明,新宝象河的平均流量为2.6 m3/s,占总入湖流量的26.5%;总氮、总磷、化学需氧量、悬浮物是滇池的主要污染指标,许多河流均已严重超标。河流水质在空间上可分为3类,具有明显的空间差异性。总氮、总磷、溶解磷、硝态氮对水质污染的贡献率达到了53.636%,氮、磷含量是河流水质污染的主要贡献因子。降雨条件下化学需氧量、悬浮物浓度增长迅速,流量、悬浮物与大多数水质指标均有相关性,磷矿开采对河流水质的影响在降雨条件下更加明显,其悬浮物浓度在降雨条件下比只受农业面源影响的河流最高高出1.9倍。  相似文献   

5.
耦合社会-经济因子探究工业点源和生活污染源污染负荷未来变化趋势,可为优化水环境规划和管理方案提供理论依据。选取沱江流域为研究区域,采用经济增长预测法、工业点源传统统计法、人口趋势灰色模型预测法和排污系数法分别计算了2020-2025年该区域28个县(市、区)的工业GDP值,工业点源废水排放量及主要污染负荷(COD、NH3-N、TN、TP),农村与城镇人口及生活污染源的主要污染负荷,并利用ArcGIS技术探究了工业点源和生活污染源主要污染负荷空间分布特征。结果表明:2020-2025年,工业GDP值总体呈逐年增加趋势,而工业废水排放量总体呈逐年减少趋势,预计到2025年,流域工业GDP值将增加至2.52×1012元,而工业废水排放量将减少至0.64×108 t。工业点源主要污染负荷表现为COD>NH3-N>TN>TP。沱江流域总人口数与生活污染源污染负荷呈逐年增加趋势,其中城镇人口与生活污染源污染负荷呈逐年增加趋势,农村人口与生活污染源污染负荷呈逐年减少趋势,且城镇人口及生活污染源污染负荷增加量大于农村人口及生活污染源污染负荷减少量。城镇、农村生活污染源的主要污染负荷表现为COD>NH3-N>TN>TP。工业点源和生活污染源主要污染负荷在空间上存在高度异质性。2025年,来自工业点源的主要污染负荷均呈上游较少,中、下游较多的特征;来自城市生活污染源的主要污染负荷均呈中、上游较多,下游较少的特征;来自农村生活污染源的主要污染负荷均呈中游较多,上、下游较少的特征。笔者提出耦合社会-经济因子预测流域污染负荷的方法可以推广到其他与社会经济指标相关联的流域工业点源、生活污染源污染负荷的预测研究中,以期为未来流域水环境管理与治理提供科学参考。  相似文献   

6.
运用 InVEST模型和PLUS模型动态模拟泾河流域未来不同发展情景下碳储量变化情况,对当前十年及未来十年土地利用类型变化及其对碳储量的影响进行评估。结果表明:2030年经济发展和生态发展情景下,泾河流域碳储量分别为1.068×109t和1.082×109t,与2020年相比,经济发展情景下碳储量减少9×106t,生态发展情景下碳储量增加5×106t。控制草地、林地、湿地、水域退化和建设用地扩张可以有效提高生态系统碳储量;基于生态发展情景下的土地利用方式更有助于提升泾河流域碳汇能力,实现区域可持续发展。  相似文献   

7.
环境背景值反映了环境质量的原始状态,是确定区域环境污染程度的基础,在环境质量评价、政府决策中起着十分重要的作用。对于具有矿产背景的区域,由于其水文地质环境复杂,传统背景值的计算方法存在局限性。笔者以明白河流域为研究对象,利用水文分析工具,结合实际采样检测,将流域内氟化物的来源分为4类,单独进行估算,并利用研究区出境断面处的多年历史数据对估算结果进行验证,预测精度达到89.4%;最后只考虑自然因素对总量的贡献,计算出河流中氟化物的背景值为1.72 mg/L。  相似文献   

8.
采用遥感分布式面源污染评估模型(DPeRS),对2018年黄河流域(甘肃段)面源污染空间分布特征进行分析,具体包括多类型污染量产排特征解析和流域优先管控单元识别。结果表明,污染量上,2018年黄河流域(甘肃段)总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)、氨氮(NH3-N)、化学需氧量(CODCr)的面源污染排放负荷分别为65.6,11.8,19.1和77.2 kg/km2,入河量分别为836.7,33.3,220.2和1 353.3 t;空间分布上,氮型(TN和NH3-N)排放负荷高值区主要分布在流域中部和东部局部地区,流域大部分地区TP排放负荷均较高,CODCr面源污染排放负荷高值区分布较为零散。与排放负荷相比,黄河流域(甘肃段)面源污染入河负荷并不突出,这与该地区水资源量少有密切关系。筛选出黄河流域(甘肃段)面源污染优先控制单元15个,面积占比为85.2%,I类优控单元主要分布在庆阳市、天水市、兰州市和白银市等地区,II类优控单元主要分布在甘南藏族自治州,且TN、TP、NH3-N和CODCr面源污染优控单元识别结果的平均精度达到80%。  相似文献   

9.
利用“3S”技术及CA-Markov模型,按照是否实施跨流域调水工程2种预案情况,以2005年为起始时刻,对新疆艾比湖流域平原区2020年景观格局进行模拟预测。结果显示:在调水工程未实施的情况下,2020年研究区的生态环境将进一步恶化,其突出表现为艾比湖湖泊水面将持续萎缩、裸露湖底盐漠面积进一步扩大,水资源短缺及生态环境恶化的结果将严重制约研究区社会经济的发展;在调水工程实施的情况下,2020年研究区内艾比湖湖泊水面将稳定增加至800 km^2以上、裸露湖底盐漠面积相应有所减少,生态环境恶化趋势得到改善,区域水资源短缺问题将有所缓解,可有效地促进研究区内社会经济的发展。  相似文献   

10.
以南京市上秦淮片区二横沟小流域为例,在污染源调查的基础上,采用分类法,利用改进后的污染输出系数模型进行流域污染负荷核算,得到外源污染物入河负荷量及各污染源的贡献率。研究结果表明,上秦淮片区二横沟流域内污染物排放负荷总量为COD 229.9 t/a、TN 25.8 t/a、NH3-N 22.4 t/a、TP 1.7 t/a,入河负荷量为COD 47.1 t/a、TN 5.5 t/a、NH3-N 4.6 t/a、TP 0.36 t/a,主要来自面源污染,点源污染较小。其中,生活面源污染年入河贡献率最高,为44.5%,林地面源污染贡献率最低,为0.1%,水产面源、道路面源、水田面源和旱地面源贡献率分别为31.6%、16.2%、6.2%和1.4%。  相似文献   

11.
The present paper describes an effort for developing the total maximum daily load (TMDL) for phosphorus and a load reduction strategy for the Feitsui Reservoir in Northern Taiwan. BASINS model was employed to estimate watershed pollutant loads from nonpoint sources (NPS) in the Feitsui Reservoir watershed. The BASINS model was calibrated using field data collected during a 2-year sampling period and then used to compute watershed pollutant loadings into the Feitsui Reservoir. The simulated results indicate that the average annual total phosphorus (TP) loading into the reservoir is 18,910 kg/year, which consists of non-point source loading of 16,003 kg/year, and point source loading of 2,907 kg/year. The Vollenweider mass balance model was used next to determine the degree of eutrophication under current pollutant loading and the load reduction needed to keep the reservoir from being eutrophic. It was estimated that Feitsui Reservoir can becoming of the oligotrophic state if the average annual TP loading is reduced by 37% or more. The results provide the basis on which an integrated control action plan for both point and nonpoint sources of pollution in the watershed can be developed.  相似文献   

12.
根据2021年5月—2022年4月合溪新港河流水量、水质(TN和TP)的同步监测数据,利用通量模型核算了合溪新港污染物(TN和TP)通量。通过测算合溪新港TN、TP通量与断面降雨强度、水质的响应关系,分析了该区域的污染类型及特点,为后期水质污染调查及通量研究提供了新思路。结果表明:合溪新港流量与降雨量存在明显相关关系,在强降雨期(7—8月)水体流量最高,占监测周期总流量的57.77%;少雨期则流量最低,且会出现湖水倒灌现象(11—12月)。通过分析合溪新港TN、TP通量与流量、水质的相关关系,确定了该流域污染类型为点源污染及农业面源污染共存的混合型污染,且在高强度降雨时污染物负荷量较大。综上,可针对农业面源污染对该流域治理提出相关对策,建立农业面源污染防治体系,以有效降低TN和TP污染物的入湖通量,减少太湖TN和TP污染物负荷量。  相似文献   

13.
丹江口水库流域氮素时空分布特征   总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7  
为全面了解丹江口水库流域氮素污染状况,对库区26个点位及10条主要入库河流入库口处的表层水样进行了丰水期、平水期、枯水期采样与监测,探讨了氮素时空分布特征。入库口总氮检出范围为1.31~10.96 mg/L,其中泗河和神定河入库口总氮最高。总氮为库区水质主要限制因子,年均总氮质量浓度为1.13~2.71 mg/L;汉江库区整体上总氮污染水平略高于丹江库区,且与丹江库区相比,汉江库区受点源排放的影响较大。10条入库河流总氮的总年均输入量为63 347.31 t/a,其中汉江的总氮输入量最大;入库河流总氮控制的关键在于溶解性有机氮和硝酸盐氮的控制。  相似文献   

14.
Nonpoint source pollution loading from an undistributed tropic forest area   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
Water quality and unit nonpoint sources (NPS) pollution load from a forest area were studied in a mountainous watershed in Taiwan. The flow rates were measured with rectangular weirs and samples taken for water quality analysis in both non-rainy and rainy days for 2 years. The subroutine of the Hydrological Simulation Program--FORTRAN was used to simulate runoff for additional 3 years. Total annual loads of various water quality parameters were then estimated by a regression model. Most of the parameter concentrations are higher during the rainy days; their values are typically higher as compared to data from other undisturbed forest areas. Nevertheless, the concentration ratio of dissolved inorganic nitrogen to TN or PO4(3-) -P to TP shows TN or TP no correlations with the flow rates, whereas the concentrations of SS and TP are positively correlated with the flow rate. The fluctuation of annual load from this watershed is significant. For example, six major events of the entire year, for which the total duration is merely 6.4 days, contribute 42% of the annual precipitation and at least 40% of the annual NPS loads. The management for controlling the NPS pollution from this forest watershed is discussed.  相似文献   

15.
Evaluating the effectiveness of conservation practices (CPs) is an important step to achieving efficient and successful water quality management. Watershed-scale simulation models can provide useful and convenient tools for this evaluation, but simulated conservation practice effectiveness should be responsive to parameter values used to represent the practices in the modeling. The objectives of this study were to (1) assess the impacts of a set of conservation practices on hydrology and water quality of a watershed and (2) evaluate the sensitivity of Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) modeling outputs and simulated conservation practice effectiveness to parameters. The modeling study was conducted in an agricultural watershed, the subwatershed K (16.9 km2) of the Little River Experimental watershed located in the South Atlantic Coastal Plain of the USA. Sensitivity analysis showed that hydrologic response unit (HRU) and watershed-scale simulations for water quality were most sensitive to CN and FILTERW parameters. Load reduction rates as a function of increased aerial coverage of the conservation practices were greatest for total phosphorus (TP), followed by sediment and total nitrogen (TN). The results indicated that conservation practices would have a limited impact on stream flow volume but could have a significant impact on sediment and TP loads within this region. Watershed-scale TN and TP loads were also sensitive to an in-stream nutrient transformation process represented using the QUAL2E algorithm in SWAT. The study clearly demonstrated the most sensitive model parameters and the optimal conservation practices for this watershed.  相似文献   

16.
Effective water resources management programs have always incorporated detailed analyses of hydrological and water quality processes in the upland watershed and downstream waterbody. We have integrated two powerful hydrological and water quality models (SWAT and CE-QUAL-W2) to simulate the combined processes of water quantity and quality both in the upland watershed and downstream waterbody. Whereas the SWAT model outputs water quality variables in its entirety, the CE-QUAL-W2 model requires inputs in various pools of organic matter contents. An intermediate program was developed to extract outputs from SWAT at required subbasin and reach outlets and converts them into acceptable CE-QUAL-W2 inputs. The CE-QUAL-W2 model was later calibrated for various hydrodynamic and water quality simulations in the Cedar Creek Reservoir, TX, USA. The results indicate that the two models are compatible and can be used to assess and manage water resources in complex watersheds comprised of upland watershed and downstream waterbodies.  相似文献   

17.
Only with a properly designed water quality monitoring network can data be collected that can lead to accurate information extraction. One of the main components of water quality monitoring network design is the allocation of sampling locations. For this purpose, a design methodology, called critical sampling points (CSP), has been developed for the determination of the critical sampling locations in small, rural watersheds with regard to total phosphorus (TP) load pollution. It considers hydrologic, topographic, soil, vegetative, and land use factors. The objective of the monitoring network design in this methodology is to identify the stream locations which receive the greatest TP loads from the upstream portions of a watershed. The CSP methodology has been translated into a model, called water quality monitoring station analysis (WQMSA), which integrates a geographic information system (GIS) for the handling of the spatial aspect of the data, a hydrologic/water quality simulation model for TP load estimation, and fuzzy logic for improved input data representation. In addition, the methodology was purposely designed to be useful in diverse rural watersheds, independent of geographic location. Three watershed case studies in Pennsylvania, Amazonian Ecuador, and central Chile were examined. Each case study offered a different degree of data availability. It was demonstrated that the developed methodology could be successfully used in all three case studies. The case studies suggest that the CSP methodology, in form of the WQMSA model, has potential in applications world-wide.  相似文献   

18.
近年来甘肃渭河桦林断面月度水质不稳定达标的问题引起了管理部门的广泛关注,掌握桦林断面汇水范围面源污染现状,对控制流域面源污染和促进水质稳定达标具有重要意义。采用遥感分布式污染估算(DPeRS)面源污染评估模型,对2018年黄河流域甘肃桦林断面汇水区面源污染空间分布特征进行分析,开展多类型污染量产排特征解析。结果表明:农业面源污染量方面,2018年甘肃桦林断面汇水区总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)、氨氮(NH+4-N)、重铬酸盐指数(CODCr)面源污染排放量分别为11 591,2 697,7 141和1 458 t,入河量分别为2 184,512,1347,263 t;空间分布上,氮型(TN和NH+4-N)排放负荷高值区主要分布在陇西县、武山县县段和岷县县段;武山县县段TP排放负荷较为突出;CODCr型面源污染高负荷区主要分布在陇西县、渭源县县段和武山县县段。农业面源污染物入河排放负荷空间分布差异明显,氮磷型(TN、NH+4-N和TP)入河高负荷区主要分布在武山县县段、陇西县、临洮县县段;CODCr型面源污染入河高负荷区呈分散分布。漳县西部地区水土流失量较高,漳县西部、陇西县和渭源县县段北部局部地区泥沙负荷量较高。枯水期污染治理仍是保障水质稳定达标的关键期,农田径流是渭河桦林断面所在汇水区氮磷型面源污染的首要污染类型,畜禽养殖是CODCr型面源污染的首要污染类型。  相似文献   

19.
In order to resolve the spatial component of the design of a water quality monitoring network, a methodology has been developed to identify the critical sampling locations within a watershed. This methodology, called Critical Sampling Points (CSP), focuses on the contaminant total phosphorus (TP), and is applicable to small, predominantly agricultural-forested watersheds. The CSP methodology was translated into a model, called Water Quality Monitoring Station Analysis (WQMSA). It incorporates a geographic information system (GIS) for spatial analysis and data manipulation purposes, a hydrologic/water quality simulation model for estimating TP loads, and an artificial intelligence technology for improved input data representation. The model input data include a number of hydrologic, topographic, soils, vegetative, and land use factors. The model also includes an economic and logistics component. The validity of the CSP methodology was tested on a small experimental Pennsylvanian watershed, for which TP data from a number of single storm events were available for various sampling points within the watershed. A comparison of the ratios of observed to predicted TP loads between sampling points revealed that the model's results were promising.  相似文献   

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