树立和落实科学发展观 为建设环境友好型社会而努力——省政府副秘书长，省环保局局长赵伟民在全省人口资源环境工作会议上的发言

1 “十五”期间及2005年全省环保工作进展情况 “十五”期间，全省环保工作认真树立和落实科学发展观，坚持发展抓项目战略，努力为经济发展服务，以重点区域和重点流域污染防治为重点，不断改善环境质量，全省环保工作取得长足发展．2005年全省环保总投资为28．17亿元，比2000年（九五末）的10．81亿元增加了17．36亿元，是2000年的1．6倍，环境保护投资指数达到1．61％，比2000年增加了0．5个百分点；全省共完成治理项目750个．其中：废水治理项目331个，废气治理项目419个．     

预冷冻浓缩系统与气相色谱-质谱法测定空气中苯的测量不确定度评定

根据 Top－down技术中的控制图法，运用预冷冻浓缩系统与气相色谱－质谱联用对苯标准样气进行多次测定。通过计算和评定，得出当苯的测定浓度为100×10^－9时，不确定度为5．1×10^－9。     

滇池流域城市降雨径流污染负荷定量化研究

借助遥感影像处理软件ERDAS IMAGINE9．2和GIS技术对研究区QuickBird影像图进行下垫面类型分类和统计,在对降雨产流过程及地表径流污染特征研究的基础上,根据2008年的降雨总量,定量计算滇池流域全年城市降雨径流污染负荷。结果表明,流域内城镇区域屋顶、庭院、道路、绿地及其他类型面积比例分别为13．8％、11．6％、5．2％、3．8％及65．6％。2008年滇池流域城市降雨径流污染负荷COD、TN、TP分别为2．95×10^4t、1．24×10^3t、103t。滇池北岸昆明主城区内的建成区全年城市降雨径流污染负荷COD、TN、TP的产生量分别为2．39×10^4t、9．89×10^3t、8．24×10^3t,对滇池流域COD、TN、TP的贡献率总和分别为81．2％、79．5％、80．3％。     

我国洗衣粉消费形成的COD总量测

根据水质COD重铬酸钾法，实测了市场上5种常见品牌洗衣粉的COD负荷值，得到其平均值为0．328（w／w）（绝干洗衣粉）。由我国使用量计算得到2005年洗衣粉形成的COD总量为88．87×10^4t，这相当于当年全国工业和生活COD排放总量的6．3％，全国生活COD排放总量的10．3％，2005年我国洗衣粉消费过程COD产污系数为1．86g／（d·人），需要对洗衣粉消费形成的COD总量水平予以必要的关注。     

准噶尔盆地西北部引水工程建设运行的生态环境效益评估

准噶尔盆地西北部引水工程的建成和运行,对工程沿线区域土地资源的利用方式产生了深远的影响,也改变了该区域以土地资源为载体的生态系统的结构和生态环境的价值。以Constanza等人对全球各类生态系统单位面积服务价值的测算为依据,根据准噶尔盆地西北部引水工程沿线影响区2000年和2002年LandsatTM卫星影像解译数据,对工程建设和运行的生态环境效益予以估算。结果表明:引水工程的建设运行使工程影响区内生态系统的生态环境效益增加了2657 14×104 (约合22054 26×104元人民币),其中水域及耕地生态系统生态效益的增加是研究区生态效益增加的主要方面。     

垃圾填埋场地下水污染对居民健康的风险评价

调查了某垃圾填埋场地下水和周边居民饮用水中的As、Hg等重金属和挥发酚等有机物的污染状况，运用美国环保局的健康风险计算模型，评估了该垃圾填埋场地下水对周边居民的潜在健康风险。结果表明，各类人群对4种有阈化合物的饮食和皮肤暴露的终身健康危险度在8．2×10^-11～1．3×10^-10之间，均低于可以接受的风险水平10^-6；对As的终身超额健康危险度在3．1×10^-7～4．9×10^-7之间，表明地下水中砷污染对居民潜在的致癌风险不明显。各类人群通过皮肤对Hg、As、Cd和挥发酚的暴露剂量比通过饮水暴露的剂量高0．7倍～14．5倍，皮肤暴露将是地下水影响人体健康并构成潜在风险的重要途径。     

上海大气面源 VOCs 排放特征及其对O 3 的影响

上海市大气污染物排放清单确定了14类大气面源，其VOCs排放总量2.65×10^8kg／a。采用EPA TO-15 VOCs分析方法获得112种组分，根据VOCs的O3生成活性系数MIR，结合VOCs排放量和VOCs组分构成比，计算出上海大气面源的O3最大生成量为1.063×10^9kg／a。其中，涂料使用和间-二甲苯，对-二甲苯是上海大气环境O3污染应首要控制的VOCs。     

琉基葡聚糖凝胶分离富集-二溴对甲偶氮羧微乳液分光光度法测定微量镍

研究了在溴代十六烷基吡啶（CPB）、正丁醇、正庚烷、水自制微乳溶液存在下，镍与二溴对甲偶氮羧（DBpMCA）的显色反应，在pH值为9．07的Na2B4O7-HCl缓冲溶液中，镍与试剂形成淡红色配合物，最大吸收峰位于560nm波长处，表观摩尔吸光系数ε为2．8×10^5L／（mol·cm）。优化了试验条件，考察了共存离子的影响，方法在0．002mg／L～0．320mg／L范围内符合比尔定律，检出限为0．0006mg／L，生活垃圾、水、土壤样品测定的RSD为2．1％～5．2％，加标回收率为96．6％～104％。     

竞争上岗产生南京市站新一届领导班子

为落实中央《党政领导干部选拔任用工作条例》，进一步加强党的执政能力建设，中共南京市环保局党委研究决定，南京市环境监测中心站新一任站长的任用采取在全系统选拔竞争的基础上产生。2005年1月11日，7名来自南京市环境监察支队、南京市站的竞聘者在全场热烈的掌声中分别走上演讲台，面对400余名全系统领导干部、     

泰州市夏季大气典型VOCs污染特征及健康风险评估

于2019年8—9月,采用大气预浓缩-气相色谱质谱联用仪(GC-MS)对泰州市3个监测点位环境空气中57种挥发性有机物(VOCs)进行分析,并开展了VOCs组成特征、臭氧生成潜势(OFP)、VOCs来源及健康风险评价研究。结果表明:3个点位环境空气中φ(VOCs)范围为1.3×10^(-9)~46.9×10^(-9),平均值为8.5×10^(-9)。烷烃在VOCs中所占比例最大。各点位φ(VOCs)平均值依次为:工业园区>公园路>天德湖公园。公园路点位VOCs中苯系物受汽车尾气排放影响较大,天德湖公园和工业园区点位除了受汽车尾气排放影响,还受到有机溶剂和涂料的挥发影响,主要受本地污染主导。OFP中贡献最大的物质为乙烯,OFP值为5.5μg/m^(3),其次为烷烃。健康风险评价结果显示,各点位VOCs非致癌类风险均较低,处于安全范围内。各点位夏季环境空气中苯对人体均具有一定致癌风险。     

Land use pattern, socio-economic development, and assessment of their impacts on ecosystem service value: study on natural wetlands distribution area (NWDA) in Fuzhou city, southeastern China

This paper quantifies the allocation of ecosystem services value (ESV) associated with land use pattern and qualitatively examined impacts of land use changes and socio-economic factors on spatiotemporal variation of ESV in the Natural Wetland Distribution Area (NWDA), Fuzhou city, China. The results showed that total ESV of the study area decreased from 4,332.16?×?10⁶ RMB Yuan in 1989 to 3,697.42?×?10⁶ RMB Yuan in 2009, mainly due to the remarkable decreases in cropland (decreased by 55.3 %) and wetland (decreased by 74.2 %). Forest, water, and wetland played major roles in providing ecosystem services, accounting for over 90 % of the total ESV. Based on time series Landsat TM/ETM+ imagery, geographic information system, and historical data, analysis of the spatiotemporal variation of ESV from 1989 to 2009 was performed. It indicated that rapid expansion of urban areas along the Minjiang River resulted in significant changes in land use types, leading to a dramatic decline in ecosystem services. Meanwhile, because of land scarcity and unique ecosystem functions, the emergency of wetland and cropland protection in built-up area has become an urgent task of local authorities to the local government. Furthermore, there was still a significant negative correlation between ESV of cropland and wetland and the GDP. The results suggest that future planning of land use pattern should control encroachment of urban areas into cropland and wetland in addition to scientific and rational policies towards minimizing the adverse effects of urbanization.     

Comparison of fecal coliform bacteria before and after wastewater treatment plant in the Izmir Bay (Eastern Aegean Sea)

The distribution of fecal coliforms was investigated and determined in Izmir Bay from 1996 to 2005. Izmir Bay severely was polluted from industrial and domestic discharges during decades. In early 2000, a wastewater treatment plant began to treat domestic and industrial wastes. This plant treats the wastes about 80% capacity after 2001. The sampling periods cover before and after treatment plant. Assessment method for determining the number of fecal coliform has evolved membrane filtrations. Maximum surface fecal coliform concentration was 4.9 × 10⁵ cfu 100 ml^???1 in 1996–2000 period. Following the opening treatment system, fecal coliform density decreased 2.1 × 10⁴ cfu 100 ml^???1 during 2001–2005. A continuous improvement can be sustained in the water quality if direct inflow of untreated wastewater is prevented.     

Simulation and evaluation on the eco-industrial system of Changchun economic and technological development zone, China

Reasonable structure, adaptive patterns and effective regulation of society, economy and environment subsystems should be taken into account in order to obtain harmonious development of urban eco-industrial system. We simulated and evaluated a redesigned eco-industrial system in Changchun Economic and Technological Development Zone (CCETDZ) in the present work using system dynamics and grey cluster methods. Four typical development strategies were simulated during 2005–2020 via standard system dynamic models. Furthermore, analytic hierarchy process and grey cluster allowed for the eco-industrial system evaluation and scenarios optimizing. Our dynamic simulation and statistical analysis revealed that: (1) CCETDZ would have different development scenarios under different strategies. The total population in scenario 2 grew most rapidly and reached 3.28 × 10⁵ in 2020, exceeding its long-term planning expected population. And the GDP differences among these four scenarios would amount to 6.41 × 10¹⁰ RMB. On the other hand, environmental pollution would become serious along with economy increasing. As a restriction factor, positive or negative increment of water resource will occur according to the selected strategy. (2) The fourth strategy would have the best efficiency, which means that the most efficiently development of CCETDZ required to take science, technology, environment progress and economy increase into account at the same time. (3) Positive environment protection measures, such as cleaner production, green manufacture, production life cycle management and environment friendly industries, should be attached great importance the same as economy development during 2005–2020 in CCETDZ.     

Bioaerosols as contributors to poor air quality in Taichung City, Taiwan

Bioaerosols are a type of suspended sediments that contribute to poor air quality in Taiwan. Bioaerosols include allergens such as: fungi, bacteria, actinomycetes, arthropods and protozoa, as well as microbial products such as mycotoxins, endotoxins and glucans. When allergens and microbial products are suspended in the air, local air quality will be influenced adversely. In addition, when the particle size is small enough to pass through the respiratory tract entering the human body, the health of the local population is also threatened. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to attempt to understand the concentration and types of bacteria and the bacteria numbers for various particle size ranges during a study period of June 2005 to February 2006 in Taichung City, Central Taiwan. The results indicate that the total average bacterial concentration by using NA medium incubated for 48 h were 8.0 × 10², 1.4 × 10³, 2.4 × 10³ and 1.3 × 10³, 1.9 × 10³, 3.5 × 10³ cfu/m³ for CMES, TRIPS and RFS sampling sites during the daytime and nighttime period of June 2005 to February 2006. Moreover, the total average bacterial concentration by using R₂A medium incubated for 48 h were 8.5 × 10², 1.5 × 10³, 2.2 × 10³ and 1.2 × 10³, 1.7 × 10³, 2.5 × 10³ cfu/m³ for CMES, TRIPS and RFS sampling sites the daytime and nighttime during the same sampling period. The total average bacteria concentration was the same in either NA or R₂A medium for the same sampling times or sites. The total average bacterial concentration was higher in daytime period than that of nighttime period for CMES, TRIPS and RFS sampling sites. The high average bacterial concentration was found in the particle size range of 0.53–0.71 mm (average bioaerosol size was in the range of 2.1–4.7 μm) for each sampling site. Also, 20 kinds of bacteria exceeded levels for each sampling site and were classified as according to shape: rod, coccus and filamentous.     

广州市大气VOCs污染特征及O3生成潜势分析

利用手工及自动监测数据，结合最大增量反应活性(MIR)系数法，对广州市大气挥发性有机物(VOCs)污染特征及臭氧生成潜势(OFP)进行了研究。结果表明：广州市大气VOCs总体积分数为73.85×10^-9,其中，丙烷、甲醛、乙酸乙酯的体积分数最高，分别为5.59×10^-9、4.87×10^-9、4.25×10^-9。组成特征分析结果显示，含氧挥发性有机物(OVOCs)和烷烃为主要污染物种类，分别贡献了总VOCs的34.32%和32.34%。在空间分布上，各站点VOCs体积分数自南向北不断降低，番禺市桥站(南部，76.16×10^-9)>公园前站(中部，75.58×10^-9)>花都梯面站(北部，69.80×10^-9)。广州市大气中甲醛和乙醛的比值为1.22,表明本地排放对广州市醛酮类化合物的贡献较大；乙苯和间/对-二甲苯的比值为0.35,表明广州市气团老化程度低，VOCs主要受本地排放影响；甲苯和苯的比值显示，公园前站苯系物主要受机...     

Oasis land-use change and its effects on the eco-environment in Yanqi Basin, Xinjiang, China

Satellite data and the published coefficients about the world's and China's ecosystem were used to analyze the effects of land-use changes on the ecosystem service in the Yanqi Basin. Both economic developments and arid, fragile ecosystems have strongly affected the land use. A sensitivity analysis determined the effect of manipulating the coefficients on the estimated values. Results indicated that (1) the total value of ecosystem services in the Yanqi Basin were 9,374.66, 10,450.52, 9,964.20, and 9,8707.77 million Yuan in 1990, 2000, 2005, and 2011, respectively. The net increase in ecosystem service values were about 496.11 million Yuan within 1990–2011; (2) The aggregated ecosystem service values of water body, wetlands, grasslands, and croplands were about 99.25 % of the total value; (3) Waste treatment and soil formation were the top two ecological functions with high service values and contributing about 61.70 % of the total service values; and (4) Ecosystem service values estimated in this study were inelastic with respect to the value coefficients; therefore, the estimation was robust in spite of uncertainties on the value coefficients. A reasonable land-use plan should be based on rigorous environmental impact analyses for maintaining stability and sustainable development of the Yanqi Basin.     

Life-cycle impacts of wind energy development on bird diversity in Norway

While wind energy remains a preferred source of renewable energy, understanding the full spectrum of impacts are vital to balance climate-related benefits against their costs to biodiversity. Environmental impact assessments often fail to assess cumulative effects at larger spatial scales. In this respect, life cycle assessments are better suited, but have to date mainly focused on greenhouse gas emissions and energy accounting. Here, we adapt a recent global life-cycle impact assessment (LCA) methodology to evaluate collision, disturbance and habitat loss impacts of onshore wind energy development on bird species richness in Norway. The advantage of a local model for Norway is that it enables employing species distribution models to more accurately estimate the potential distribution area of species. This facilitates more realistic site- and species-specific assessments of potential impacts within a local scale but excludes habitat ranges outside Norway. Furthermore, a new characterization factor was developed for potential barrier effects. Larger onshore wind-power plants overall had greater site-specific potentially disappeared fractions (PDF) of species, while smaller plants were less efficiently located with greater impacts per GWh. Overall, Norwegian wind-power plants were sited least efficiently (PDF/GWh) regarding indirect habitat loss (2.186 × 10⁻⁹) and disturbance (1.219 × 10⁻⁹), followed by direct habitat loss (0.932 × 10⁻⁹), and finally collisions (0.040 × 10⁻⁹) and barriers (0.310 × 10⁻⁹). Vulnerability differed among bird groups with seabirds, raptors and waterfowl emerging as the most impacted groups (e.g. 5.143 × 10⁻⁹, 3.409 × 10⁻⁹ and 3.139 × 10⁻⁹ PDF/GWh for disturbance, respectively); highlighting the sympatric distribution of their habitats and the majority of Norway's onshore wind-power plants. Current practice has not succeeded in avoiding sites with higher impacts for birds, fuelling conflicts surrounding environmental concerns of onshore wind energy development in Norway. Operative LCA models can help decision-makers assessing localized life-cycle environmental impacts to support environmental-friendly wind energy production in specific regions.     

A nanosilver-based spectrophotometric method for determination of malachite green in surface water samples

A new spectrophotometric method is reported for the determination of nanomolar level of malachite green in surface water samples. The method is based on the catalytic effect of silver nanoparticles on the oxidation of malachite green by hexacyanoferrate (III) in acetate–acetic acid medium. The absorbance is measured at 610 nm with the fixed-time method. Under the optimum conditions, the linear range was 8.0?×?10^?9–2.0?×?10^?7?mol?L^?1 malachite green with a correlation coefficient of 0.996. The limit of detection (S/N?=?3) was 2.0?×?10^?9?mol?L^?1. Relative standard deviation for ten replicate determinations of 1.0?×?10^?8?mol?L^?1 malachite green was 1.86 %. The method is featured with good accuracy and reproducibility for malachite green determination in surface water samples without any pre-concentration and separation step.     

Simultaneous quantification of Bi(III) and U(VI) in environmental water samples with a complicated matrix containing organic compounds

Trace amounts of bismuth(III) and uranium(VI) can be simultaneously determined in a single scan by adsorptive cathodic stripping voltammetry in the presence of cupferron as a complexing agent. Optimal conditions were found to be: 0.1 mol?L^?1 acetate buffer (pH 5.3), 5?×?10^?5?mol?L^?1 cupferron, accumulation potential of ?0.25 V, and accumulation time of 30 s. The linear range of Bi(III) and U(VI) was observed over the concentration range from 2?×?10^?9 to 2?×?10^?7?mol?L^?1 and from 1?×?10^?8 to 5?×?10^?7?mol?L^?1, respectively. The influence of the main components of real water samples such as foreign ions and organic substances (surface active substances, humic substances) was precisely investigated. The method was applied to the simultaneous measurements of bismuth and uranium in natural water samples.     

Behaviour and Quantification Studies of Terbacil and Lenacil in Environmental Samples Using Cyclic and Adsorptive Stripping Voltammetry at Hanging Mercury Drop Electrode

The cyclic voltammograms of terbacil and lenacil at the hanging mercury drop electrode showed a single well defined four electron irreversible peak in universal buffer of pH 4.0 for both compounds. The peak potentials were shifted to more negative values on the increase of pH of the medium, implying the involvement of protons in the electrode reaction and that the proton transfer reaction precedes the proper electrode process. The four electron single peak may be attributed to the simultaneous reduction of carbonyl groups present in 2 and 4 in pyrimidine ring of terbacil and lenacil to the corresponding hydroxy derivative. Based on the interfacial adsorptive character of the terbacil and lenacil onto the mercury electrode surface, a simple sensitive and low cost differential pulse adsorptive stripping voltammetric procedure was optimized for the analysis of terbacil and lenacil. The optimal operational conditions of the proposed procedure were accumulation potential E _acc = −0.4 V, accumulation time t _acc = 80 s, scan rate = 40 mV s⁻¹, pulse amplitude = 25 mV using a universal buffer pH 4.0 as a supporting electrolyte. The linear concentration range was found to be 1.5 × 10⁻⁵ to 1.2 × 10⁻⁹ mol/l and 1.5 × 10⁻⁵ to 2.5 × 10⁻⁸ mol/l with the lower detection limit of 1.22 × 10⁻⁹ and 2.0 × 10⁻⁸ mol/l. The correlation coefficient and relative standard deviation values are found to be 0.942, 0.996, 1.64% and 1.23%, respectively, for 10 replicants. The procedure was successfully applied for determination of terbacil and lenacil in formulations, mixed formulations, environmental samples such as fruit samples and spiked water samples.