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为了解供水水库的蓝藻种群和微囊藻毒素的季节变化,于2012年1—12月对韶关的苍村、瀑布和花山3座供水水库进行了采样分析。结果表明,3座水库为中营养型水库,监测蓝藻共9属(种),优势种为鱼腥藻和微囊藻,蓝藻最高丰度为5.67×107L-1;降水导致营养盐物质带入水库和水体不稳定性是蓝藻种群和优势种在夏秋两季季节变化和占优势的主要影响因子。3座水库ρ(微囊藻毒素)为0.1~0.9μg/L,最高值接近世界卫生组织对饮用水中MC-LR的指导性限制值(1μg/L)标准。微囊藻与微囊藻毒素呈显著正相关性(R=0.871,P0.01),表明产微囊藻毒素的蓝藻主要为微囊藻,当水库发生微囊藻水华时有发生微囊藻毒素的风险。 相似文献
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水样经HLB小柱富集、净化后,采用高效液相色谱-四极杆-高分辨飞行时间质谱同时测定水样中MC-LA、MC-LF、〖JP3〗MC-LR、MC-LW、MC-LY、MC-RR、MC-YR、MC-WR等8种微囊藻毒素。试验表明,8种微囊藻毒素在0500 μg/L~〖JP〗100 μg/L范围内线性良好,方法检出限为0001 μg/L~0005 μg/L,自来水空白样品3个质量浓度水平的加标回收率为725%~998%,5次测定结果的RSD为19%~112%。将该方法用于测定珠海本地水产养殖鱼塘和小型水库的水样,结果均未检出 相似文献
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各类型废水的BOD5与CODcr的相关性 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
八种废水中各自的 BOD5 与 CODcr( x)线性关系密切 ,其直线回归方程分别为 :1机械废水 :y=0 .2 732 x 1 .80 ;2冷却废水 :y=0 .1 2 85x 0 .1 1 ;3制药废水 :y=0 .392 2 x 1 31 .2 1 ;4纺织印染废水 :y=0 .4 2 0 8x- 2 .4 9;5食品加工废水 :y=0 .61 2 6x 1 3.70 ;6饮食废水 :y=0 .5992 x 1 7.51 ;7医院废水 :y=0 .34 39x- 0 .4 1 ;8生活污水 :y=0 .4 86x 1 7.0 2。各类型废水的BOD_5与COD_(cr)的相关性@陆春霞$广州市环境监测站!广东广州510030
@钱东辉$广州市环境监测站!广东广州510030
@何坤志$广州市环境监测站!广东广州510030… 相似文献
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建立了加速溶剂萃取-固相萃取/超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定沉积物中5种微囊藻毒素(MC-LR、MC-RR、MC-LW、MC-LF、MC-YR)的方法。选择甲醇-水(1∶4,V/V)为ASE萃取溶剂,萃取温度和萃取压力分别为80℃和13.1 MPa,固相萃取过程以HLB小柱为萃取柱,采用液相色谱-串联质谱分析。方法在5种微囊藻毒素质量浓度5~100μg/L内线性良好(r0.995),回收率为76.0%~118%,相对标准偏差为1.9%~12.0%,检出限为2~3μg/kg,定量下限为8~12μg/kg。该方法已用于西太湖沉积物的检测,具有较好的方法适用性。 相似文献
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对太湖梅梁湾水源水中的总藻毒素TMC[(TMC-LR) (TMC-RR)]和胞外藻毒素EMC[(EMC-LR) (EMC-RR)]进行了跟踪检测.结果表明,水体中TMC-RR、TMC-LR、EMC-RR、EMC-LR质量浓度平均分别为1.819 μg/L、1.090 μg/L、0.491 μg/L和0.077 μg/L,无锡市的主要水源地水质已受到微囊藻毒素的污染.提出,应加强水源地水体中微囊藻毒素浓度的监测,确保饮用水的安全. 相似文献
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微囊藻毒素检测方法的研究进展 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
随着水体富营养化日益严重,有毒蓝藻水华引起的污染事件在世界范围内频繁发生,其产生的毒素对生物有潜在的危害。所以迫切需要建立一种工作原理简单易行、分析速度快、灵敏度较高的统一的检测方法,对水体中特别是饮用水源中的微囊藻毒素进行检测。文章简要介绍了近年来发展起来的几类微囊藻毒素检测技术,以及微囊藻毒素检测技术尚要解决的问题和未来的发展方向。 相似文献
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An important research area in life sciences is devoted to modeling, prediction, and dynamics of gene-expression patterns.
As clearly understood in these days, this enterprise cannot become satisfactory without acknowledging the role of the environment.
To a representation of past, present, and most likely future states, we also encounter measurement errors and uncertainties.
This paper surveys and improves recent advances in understanding the foundations and interdisciplinary implications of the
newly introduced gene–environment networks, and it integrates the important theme of carbon dioxide emission reduction into
the networks and dynamics. We also introduce some operational and managerial issues of practical working and decision making,
expressed in terms of sliding windows, quadrants (modules) of parametric effects, and navigating (controlling) between such effects and directing them. Given data from DNA microarray experiments and environmental records, we extract
nonlinear ordinary differential equations that contain parameters that have to be determined. For this, we employ modern (Chebychevian)
approximation and (generalized semi-infinite) optimization. After this is provided, time- discretized dynamical systems are
studied. A combinatorial algorithm with polyhedra sequences allows to detect the region of parametric stability. Finally,
we analyze the topological landscape of gene–environment networks with its structural (in)stability. By embedding as a module
and investigating CO2 emission control and figuring out game theoretical aspects, we conclude. This pioneering work is theoretically elaborated,
practically devoted to health care, medicine, education, living conditions, and environmental protection, and it invites the
readers to future research.
相似文献
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Material Disposal Area G is the primary low-levelradioactive waste disposal site at Los Alamos NationalLaboratory, New Mexico, and is adjacent to Pueblo of SanIldefonso lands. Pueblo residents and Los Alamos scientists areconcerned about radiological doses resulting from uptake of AreaG radionuclides by mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) andRocky Mountain elk (Cervus elaphus), then consumption ofdeer and elk meat by humans. Tissue samples were collected fromdeer and elk accidentally killed near Area G and were analyzedfor 3H, 90Sr, total U, 238Pu, 239, 240Pu,241Am, and 137Cs. These data were used to estimatehuman doses based on meat consumption of 23 kg y-1. Humandoses were also modeled using RESRAD, and dose rates to deer andelk were estimated with a screening model. Dose estimates tohumans from tissue consumption were 2.9 × 10-3 mSv y-1and 1.6 × 10-3 mSv y-1 from deer and elk, respectively,and RESRAD dose estimates were of the same order of magnitude. Estimated dose rates to deer and elk were 2.1 × 10-4 mGyd-1 and 4.7 × 10-4 mGy d-1, respectively. Allestimated doses were significantly less than established exposurelimits or guidelines. 相似文献
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Ellis A. M. Franssen Brigit A. M. Staatsen Erik Lebret 《Environmental Impact Assessment Review》2002,22(6)
In this article a comprehensive approach for the evaluation of possible health effects in an environmental impact assessment (EIA) is described, illustrated with the example of Amsterdam Airport Schiphol. Unlike many EIAs, we estimated quantitatively the impact of aircraft-related pollution in terms of the number of affected people for aircraft noise annoyance, odour annoyance and hypertension. In addition, an analysis of health registry data on cardiovascular and respiratory diseases and a short survey on annoyance and risk perception were carried out. The scope of a health impact assessment depends on the situation, available knowledge and data, concern in the population about the impact and the number of people concerned. It is important to pay attention to the perception of risks and concerns from all parties involved. Moreover, the results demonstrate that far more people outside the area for which standards apply were affected than inside. 相似文献
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Clifford A. Hui John Y. Takekawa Sarah E. Warnock 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2001,71(2):107-121
The San Francisco Bay estuary isused by over one million shorebirds during springmigration and is home to several hundred thousandduring the winter. Most shorebird use occurs in thesouthern reach of the estuary (South Bay). Thereduced water circulation and discharge fromindustrial sources in the South Bay are responsiblefor the highest levels of some trace elements in theestuary. Wintering shorebirds have been found to havestrong site fidelity to areas as small as a fewkilometers in the South Bay, which may increase theirexposure to contaminants near local point sources. Inaddition, different shorebird species foraging at thesame site have been shown to have differentcontaminant burdens. Thus, our objectives were totest whether contaminant burdens differed by species,or whether contaminant burdens differed in shorebirdscollected at adjacent sites. We examined thecontaminant profiles of two species of shorebirds,long-billed dowitchers (Limnodromus scolopaceus)and western sandpipers (Calidris mauri) thatforage together at two sites, Hayward and Newark,separated by 8 km in the South Bay. We usedmultivariate analysis of variance tests to compare thecomposition of 14 elemental analytes in their livertissues and estimated their molar ratios of Hg and Se. Composite samples were used for contaminant analysesbecause of the small body size of the shorebirds. Seven elemental analytes (Ag, Ba, Be, Cr, Ni, Pb, V)were below detection limits in a majority of thesamples so statistical analyses were precluded. Inthe measurable analytes (As, Cd, Cu, Hg, Mn, Se, Zn),we found no significant intra-site differences ofcontaminant profiles for the two species. We pooledthe samples to examine inter-site differences andfound significant differences in contaminant profilesbetween shorebirds at the neighboring sites (P = 0.03). Shorebirds at Newark had higher (P < 0.05) concentrations of As, Cd, and Se than those at Hayward. Dowitchers at Newark had concentrations of Hg and Se which were highly correlated (P < 0.003) in a mean molar ratio of 1:19, similar tothat reported in other birds. In the larger dowitcherspecies, we also examined exposure to 20organochlorine compounds. Organic analyses showedthat the dowitchers had been exposed to DDE, PCBs,dieldrin and trans-nonachlor, but with no significantdifferences in concentrations between Hayward andNewark (P > 0.05). 相似文献
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土壤和底泥中砷、铬、锰测定的前处理技术 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
试验了土壤和底泥中砷的前处理技术,其目的是能对土壤、底泥中砷、铬、锰在一次前处理中制备成试液,比色法分析。试验表明,用H2SO4-H3PO4-H2O2进行前处理是可行的。方法简单、挥发酸雾少,用标准参考物质检验证明,分解完全,数据准确,有粒较好一致性。 相似文献
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Accumulation of metals in deciduous tree foliage fromurban areas in western-south Poland was monitored duringthe vegetation season of 2000 year. Concentrations of Al,Ba, Ca, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sr, Ti and Znwere measured in birch, willow, linden and maple leavesusing the ICP-AES method. Seasonal variations of metalconcentrations and their relations with sampling sitewere investigated. The most dynamic accumulation of Al,Cd, Cr, Ni and Pb was observed for examined species. Thehighest differences in element concentrations forinvestigated sites were found for Ba, Cd, Mn and Ni.Interelement correlations were investigated. In allfoliar samples synergistic relationships between Al–Crand Ca-Sr were found. Statistically significant negativecorrelations were observed only for Cd and Ti in birch leaves. 相似文献
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This paper presents the chemical speciation and retention behavior of chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), and cadmium (Cd) prior to
and after the electrokinetic remediation in glacial till soil. The speciation of the metals was predicted using the chemical
speciation program MINEQL+. The simulations were performed for single-contaminant with only Cr(VI) or Ni, and multi-contaminants consisting of: (1)
Cr(VI), Ni, and Cd; (2) Cr(III), Ni and Cd; (3) Cr(VI), Cr(III), Ni and Cd; (4) Cr(VI), Ni, and Cd with reducing agents; and
(5) Cr(III), Ni, and Cd with oxidizing agent (Mn). The results showed that the speciation and distribution of cationic metals
[Ni, Cd, and Cr(III)] in glacial till soil remain unaffected or slightly affected during electrokinetics. This is attributed
to the high pH buffering capacity of the glacial till, leading the metals to precipitate in the soil prior to and after electrokinetics.
This study showed that during electrokinetics, Cr(VI) existed as anionic complex and migrated towards the anode and the migration
is maximum in case of a single-contaminant system. The study also showed that near the anode in the absence of any reducing
and oxidizing agent, Cr(VI) mostly adsorbed, and some of Cr(VI) reduced to Cr(III) and migrated towards the cathode and finally
precipitated due to high pH conditions. Ni and Cd remain adsorbed or precipitated due to the high pH conditions throughout
the soil. Among the reducing agents, the sulfide had significant effect on the migration of metals compared to ferrous ions.
While in the presence of oxidizing agent (Mn), no noticeable Cr(VI) was found in the soil sample indicating the reduction
of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) and the predominance of reducing conditions due to the presence of naturally occurring iron in the glacial
till soil. Overall, this study provides a reasonable explanation of the speciation and distribution of chromium, nickel and
cadmium during the electrokinetic remediation of glacial till soil. 相似文献
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Besser JM Brumbaugh WG May TW Schmitt CJ 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2007,129(1-3):227-241
We evaluated exposure of aquatic biota to lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), and cadmium (Cd) in streams draining a Pb-mining district
in southeast Missouri. Samples of plant biomass (detritus, periphyton, and filamentous algae), invertebrates (snails, crayfish,
and riffle benthos), and two taxa of fish were collected from seven sites closest to mining areas (mining sites), four sites
further downstream from mining (downstream sites), and eight reference sites in fall 2001. Samples of plant biomass from mining
sites had highest metal concentrations, with means 10- to 60-times greater than those for reference sites. Mean metal concentrations
in over 90% of samples of plant biomass from mining sites were significantly greater than those from reference sites. Mean
concentrations of Pb, Zn, and Cd in most invertebrate samples from mining sites, and mean Pb concentrations in most fish samples
from mining sites, were also significantly greater than those from reference sites. Concentrations of all three metals were
lower in samples from downstream sites, but several samples of plant biomass from downstream sites had metal concentrations
significantly greater than those from reference sites. Analysis of supplemental samples collected in the fall of 2002, a year
of above-average stream discharge, had lower Pb concentrations and higher Cd concentrations than samples collected in 2001,
near the end of a multi-year drought. Concentrations of Pb measured in fish and invertebrates collected from mining sites
during 2001 and 2002 were similar to those measured at nearby sites in the 1970s, during the early years of mining in the
Viburnum Trend. Results of this study demonstrate that long-term Pb mining activity in southeast Missouri has resulted in
significantly elevated concentrations of Pb, Cd, and Zn in biota of receiving streams, compared to biota of similar streams
without direct influence of mining. Our results also demonstrate that metal exposure in the study area differed significantly
among sample types, habitats, and years, and that these factors should be carefully considered in the design of biomonitoring
studies. 相似文献
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Wigand C McKinney RA Cole ML Thursby GB Cummings J 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2007,131(1-3):71-81
The stable nitrogen isotope ratios of some biota have been used as indicators of sources of anthropogenic nitrogen. In this
study the relationships of the stable nitrogen isotope ratios of marsh plants, Iva frutescens (L.), Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin ex Steud, Spartina patens (Ait.) Muhl, Spartina alterniflora Loisel, Ulva lactuca (L.), and Enteromorpha intestinalis (L.) with wastewater nitrogen and land development in New England are described. Five of the six plant species (all but U. lactuca) showed significant relationships of increasing δ
15N values with increasing wastewater nitrogen. There was a significant (P < 0.0001) downward shift in the δ
15N of S. patens (6.0 ± 0.48‰) which is mycorrhizal compared with S. alterniflora (8.5 ± 0.41‰). The downward shift in δ
15N may be caused by the assimilation of fixed nitrogen in the roots of S. patens. P. australis within sites had wide ranges of δ
15N values, evidently influenced by the type of shoreline development or buffer at the upland border. In residential areas,
the presence of a vegetated buffer (n = 24 locations) significantly (P < 0.001) reduced the δ
15N (mean = 7.4 ± 0.43‰) of the P. australis compared to stands where there was no buffer (mean = 10.9 ± 1.0‰; n = 15). Among the plant species, I. frutescens located near the upland border showed the most significant (R
2 = 0.64; P = 0.006) inverse relationship with the percent agricultural land in the watershed. The δ
15N of P. australis and I. frustescens is apparently an indicator of local inputs near the upland border, while the δ
15N of Spartina relates with the integrated, watershed-sea nitrogen inputs. 相似文献
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Mozafar A Ruh R Klingel P Gamper H Egli S Frossard E 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2002,79(2):177-191
We grew leek (Allium porrum) in soils of two shooting ranges heavily contaminated with heavy metals in the towns of Zuchwil and Oberuzwil in Switzerland as a bioassay to test theactivity of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi in these soils.Soil samples were taken from (1) front of the shooting house(HOUSE), (2) the area between house and target (FIELD) and (3) the berm (BACKSTOP). Samples of Ribwort plantain (Plantagolanceolata) growing naturally within the shooting ranges werealso collected and the colonization of its roots by mycorrhizalfungi was measured. The number of AM spores in the soils wassignificantly reduced concomitant with the increase in thedegree of soil contamination with metals. In Zuchwil,mycorrhizal fungi equally colonized roots of Ribwort plantainsampled from BACKSTOP and HOUSE. In Oberuzwil, however, plantsfrom BACKSTOP had lower colonization when compared with thosesampled from HOUSE. Colonization of leek was strongly reducedin the BACKSTOP soil of Zuchwil and slightly reduced in theBACKSTOP soil of Oberuzwil when compared with plants grown inrespective HOUSE soil. Concentrations of Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb andZn in the leaves of leek grown in the BACKSTOP soil was withinthe range considered toxic for human consumption. This pointsto the high degree of bio-availability of these metal in thesesoils. Significant decrease in the number of mycorrhizal sporesin the BACKSTOP soils in Zuchwil and the low colonization ofleek roots grown in these soils point to possible changes inthe species diversity of mycorrhizal fungi in these soils. 相似文献