二次双波长分光光度法同时测定水样中Cd、Ni的研究

研究采用二次双波长分光光度法(即双峰双波长法和系数补偿法)同时测定水样中的Cd和Ni。实验结果表明,以5-Br—PADAP为显色剂,Cd和Ni的最大吸收峰分别为544．8nm和559．2nm,最小吸收峰均为430nm;Cd、Ni的线性范围为0．04—0．64mg/L。本方法的灵敏度同单波长法相比有明显的提高,应用于合成水样和电镀废水样中Cd、Ni的测定,均取得满意的结果。     

双波长K系数-紫外分光光度法同时测定水中硝酸盐氮和亚硝酸盐氮

基于吸光度的加合性原理,建立了双波长K系数—紫外分光光度法同时测定水中硝酸盐氮和亚硝酸盐氮的新方法。以水样中的两组分的峰值波长互为测定波长和参比波长,用解方程组法对两组分的吸光度分别进行解析,具有简便,快捷,灵敏度高的特点。方法适用于清洁水样或经处理的水样的分析,相对误差-2.7%～4.0%,相对标准偏差0.62%～5.09%,回收率92.3%～105.9%。     

微波消解-原子吸收/原子荧光光度法测定活性污泥中的Cd、Pb、Ni、Cu、 Zn、Cr、K、As、Hg

通过实验,建立了活性污泥中金属和重金属的测定方法。活性污泥样品经硝酸—氢氟酸或硝酸—高氯酸微波消解处理后,Pb、Ni、Cu、Zn、Cr、K选用火焰原子吸收分光光度法测定,Cd用石墨炉原子吸收分光光度法测定,As、Hg用原子荧光光度法测定。该方法操作简单,结果准确,重现性好。样品加标回收率为93%-108%,相对标准偏差〈5%。     

Determination of lead, cadmium and copper in roadside soil and plants in Elazig, Turkey

The concentrations of lead, cadmium and copper in roadside soil and plants in Elazig, Turkey were investigated. Soil samples were collected at distances of 0, 25 and 50 m from the roadside. The concentrations of lead, cadmium and copper were measured by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (FAAS). A slotted tube atom trap (STAT) was used to increase the sensitivity of lead and cadmium in FAAS. Lead concentrations in soil samples varied from 1.3 to 45 mg kg⁻¹ while mean lead levels in plants ranged from120 ng g⁻¹ for grape in point-4 to 866 ng g⁻¹ for apple leaves in point-2. Lead analyses showed that there was a considerable contamination in both soil and plants affected from traffic intensity. Overall level of Cd in soil samples lies between 78 and 527 ng/g while cadmium concentration in different vegetations varied in the range of 0.8–98.0 ng g⁻¹. Concentrations of copper in soil and plant samples were found in the range of 11.1–27.9 mg kg⁻¹ for soil and 0.8–5.6 mg kg⁻¹ for plants. Standard reference material (SRM) was used to find the accuracy of the results of soil analyses.     

浊点萃取-原子吸收光谱法测定水和花粉中痕量铜、铅、镉

以氢氧化钠为沉淀剂,依据Triton X-114的浊点现象分离沉淀,沉淀在浓盐酸作用下溶解,用原子吸收光谱法测定样品中痕量铜、铅、镉。通过试验优化测定条件,使该方法在0 mg/L~6.00 mg/L范围内线性良好,3种元素的方法检出限分别为0.028μg/L、0.006μg/L、0.028μg/L。将该方法用于水样、花粉中痕量铜、铅、镉的测定,RSD为2.8%~7.9%,加标回收率为92.0%~106%。     

线性扫描溶出伏安法同时测定水样中铅镉铜锌

通过多壁碳纳米管-Nafion复合膜修饰电极,建立水样中痕量铅、镉、铜、锌同时测定的线性扫描溶出伏安分析法,优化支持电解质及pH值、修饰剂用量、富集电位及时间等测定条件。实验结果表明,在pH 4.0的NaAc-HAc缓冲液中,-1.20V富集5min后,在电位-1.04V、-0.72V、-0.45V及-0.16V附近分别产生锌、镉、铅、铜的灵敏溶出峰,测定各元素的线性关系良好,相对标准偏差均小于5.4%。该法已成功应用于实际水样中痕量铅、镉、铜、锌的同时测定,加标回收率在93.3%~106.7%之间,结果满意。     

Accident Due to Release of Hydrogen Sulphide in a Manufacturing Process of Cobalt Sulphide – Case Study

An accident occurs during the manufacture of cobalt sulphide unit due to liberation of hydrogen sulphide. Problems associated with the hydrogen sulphide and the recommended preventives measured have been discussed.     

PAN-S树脂富集钴的分光光度法测定研究

研究了PAN—S浸渍树脂对Co^2＋的吸附性能。Co^2＋吸附pH值范围为4．7—9．2,最佳pH值为5．4;达到最大吸附容量需25min,树脂对Co^2＋平衡吸附容量是98mg／g干树脂,达到最大吸附容量平衡时用0．1mol／L的HNO,洗脱,洗脱率达98％。该方法建立了PAN—S-树脂富集一分离钴离子的分光光度测定方法,结果令人满意。     

A new index for evaluation of cadmium pollution in birds and mammals

The degree of cadmium (Cd) contamination in wildlife is often used as an indicator in the environmental monitoring of Cd poisoning. However, previous studies have not clarified the correlation between levels in wildlife and levels in the environment by comparing levels among different species of animals; therefore, assessing the level of pollution in this manner is not considered a reliably accurate indicator of levels in the environment. The aim of this study was to establish a new indicator for the non-polluted warm-blooded animals, one that is not species-dependent, which will facilitate using different species for Cd monitoring. First, the previous publications regarding Cd contents in wildlife, 27 reports in which Cd contents were represented as arithmetic means and described for both kidney and liver were selected. A regression line (CSRL) between Cd contents of kidney and that of liver was obtained in a high correlation coefficient (R ² = 0.943, P < 0.01). The mean values from land and waterfowl, terrestrial mammals, seabirds, marine mammals, and non-polluted humans were located on the line and aligned in order. CSRL might allow an accurate determination of whether an animal is polluted by Cd. CSRL was confirmed using well-established and widely recognized pollution models such as Itai-itai patients and Cd-exposed experimental animals. The Cd contents from these models were located in different positions relative to CSRL depending on the level of contamination. Thus, this new indicator determining the Cd-pollution status of animals would be useful for environmental monitoring.     

珠海码头内铜污染现状及生态风险分析

以珠海码头作为调查船舶防污漆使用影响的对象,分析了珠海周边海域码头内表层沉积物与海水中的重金属含量,以Cu元素为讨论重点,对其进行污染程度与潜在生态危害的评估。结果表明,码头内表层沉积物中Cu含量明显高于码头外沉积物,离市区较近的香洲码头和金沙滩码头内沉积物受到中等至较高程度的Cu污染,海岛东澳岛码头海水易流通,因此受污染程度较低。使用Hakanson生态危害指数法对沉积物进行评估的结果为低潜在生态危害,但码头内海水中Cu元素含量已高于生态安全限值。     

土壤Pb、Cd测定过程中溶样方法的改进

用微波消解土壤,然后电热板加热驱酸的方法对土壤样品进行前期处理的条件,并与标准法相比较,克服了标准法中湿法溶样的缺点,该法溶样完全、简便快速、消耗试剂量少,相对标准偏差均小于4·8%,回收率分别在96·1%~102·3%和94·0%~98·7%之间,具有较好的精密度和较高的回收率。     

多部门协作模式下的生态环境监测体系研究

阐述了建立多部门协作机制,构建生态环境监测大数据平台,实现生态环境监测信息集成共享的背景及意义。通过分析青海省生态环境监测工作现状及存在的问题,提出了构建多部门协作模式下生态环境监测体系的思路和建议。     

流动注射分光光度法测定环境水样中镉

建立了镉-氨水·氯化铵缓冲溶液-对偶氮苯重氮氨基偶氮磺酸-甲醛高灵敏度显色体系下,采用流动注射技术测定环境水样中镉的方法,优化了试验条件,讨论了共存离子与色度的影响及消除办法。方法在6．00μg／L～460μg／L范围内线性良好,检出限为0．1μg／L,实际水样测定的加标回收率为986％～102％。