石河子市地下水环境背景值

采集并测定了石河子市１９个地下水背景水样，分别确定了该市潜水和承压—自流水中Ｋ＋、Ｎａ＋、Ｃａ２＋、Ｍｇ２＋、Ｃｌ－、ＳＯ、ＨＣＯ、ＮＯ、Ｆ－、总硬度、矿化度、可溶性ＳｉＯ２、ＣＯＤ、ｐＨ、Ｃｕ、Ｐｂ、Ｚｎ、Ｃｄ、Ｍｎ、Ｖ、Ｌｉ、Ｍｏ、Ｓｅ、Ｈｇ、Ｉ、Ａｓ、Ｃｒ＋５、Ｃ６Ｈ５ＯＨ、ＣＮ－、ＡＢＳ的环境背景值．     

离子色谱法测定矿泉水中K + 、Ca 2+ 、N a + 、M g 2+ 、Cl-、SO 2-4

采用离子色谱法同时测定矿泉水中的K^＋、Ca^2＋、Na^＋、Mg^2＋、Cl^-、SO4^2-,方法线性良好,检出限为0.01 mg/L-0.09 mg/L,实际水样平行测定的RSD≤0.8%,加标回收率为91.7%-105%,标准样品的测定结果符合要求。     

双波长K系数-紫外分光光度法同时测定水中硝酸盐氮和亚硝酸盐氮

基于吸光度的加合性原理,建立了双波长K系数—紫外分光光度法同时测定水中硝酸盐氮和亚硝酸盐氮的新方法。以水样中的两组分的峰值波长互为测定波长和参比波长,用解方程组法对两组分的吸光度分别进行解析,具有简便,快捷,灵敏度高的特点。方法适用于清洁水样或经处理的水样的分析,相对误差-2.7%～4.0%,相对标准偏差0.62%～5.09%,回收率92.3%～105.9%。     

多道石墨炉原子光谱法同时测定水中的Cu,Pb,Zn,Cd

使用多道石墨炉原子吸仪,采用石墨管涂层处理技术,在对几种基体改进剂的改进作用进行实验比较的基础上,选择１％ＺｒＯＣｌ２为基体改进剂,对水中的Ｃｕ,Ｐｂ、Ｚｎ、Ｃｄ４种元素进行了同时测定,并应用此方法对北京化工二厂和京密引水渠的水样进行了加标回收试验,取得了较为满意的结果。     

用火焰调零校正纯水空白的误差

火焰调零补偿法：１．每次做样前先用火焰调零测得空白溶液的吸光度为Ａ１,其对应浓度为Ｃ１,再用空白溶液调零后测标准溶液系列,且测得试样吸光度Ａ２,其对应浓度为Ｃ２,则待测离子的准确浓度Ｃ＝Ｃ２＋Ｃ１。Ｃ１求法：①因斜率相同,直接在用空白溶液调零制作的标准曲线上由Ａ１查得Ｃ１或计算得到。②用火焰调零后测４个不同标准溶液吸光度,用标准加入法求得。２．先用空白溶液调零制作标准曲线,不改变仪器条件再用火焰调零后测定试样,其吸光度对应的浓度即为试样的准确浓度。本法甚至用一次蒸馏水也可准确测定大气降水中Ｎａ离…     

影响总氮准确定量的光谱检测因素

对现行的双波长紫外分光光度法在测定水体总氮中由光学检测本身所产生的影响因素进行了探讨,提出了一种基于三波长的光谱检测总氮量的方法。结果表明,由于仪器信号波动或光散射引起的光谱检测基线上移所造成的误差可以用在NO3-没有吸收的340 nm处的吸光度加以判断,从而用三波长的方法扣除由于光谱基线上移对220 nm和275 nm处吸光度检测的干扰。对2个水样进行同样的光谱检测,以不同的计算公式所得的数据比较可以看出,三波长法明显优于双波长法。三波长法检测重现性相对偏差小于0.2%,其总氮含量的结果要比双波长法高7%～16%。这也解决了人们对总氮含量测定结果总是偏低的困惑。     

利用曲线补偿变时溶出示差技术测定Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd初步探讨

本文利用曲线补偿，变时溶出示差技术提高了测定Ｃｕ、Ｐｂ、Ｚｎ、Ｃｄ的灵敏度、精密度和准确度，进一步改变了谱图的分辨率，避免了Ｏ２波的干扰     

测定地面水中Cr~(6+)的回收率问题的探讨

测定地面水中Ｃｒ６＋的回收率问题的探讨马文英张占银（河北邢台市环境保护局，邢台０５４０００）色度很深的水样，用锌盐沉淀分离法进行预处理脱色后还应消除氧化性物质方可进行Ｃ６＋ｒ测定，这是绝对不可忽视的一个关键。消除氧化性物质的处理步骤：水样置于１５０ｍ...     

ICP－AES光谱法同时测定团体废物浸出液中的多种金属元素

采用翻转振荡方式以水为浸提剂浸提钢渣、尾矿渣、铬渣、铅渣、粉煤灰和电镀污泥试样，过滤后的浸提液经ＤＤＴＣ／ＣＣｌ４体系萃取富集后，用ＩＣＰ－ＡＥＳ法同时测定了Ｃｕ、Ｐｂ、Ｚｎ、Ｃｄ、Ｎｉ、Ｆｅ、Ｍｎ、Ｃｏ和Ｖ等多种金属元素．方法具有较好的精密度和准确度，宜于推广应用。     

标准分析方法测定废水中苯胺类的不足与改进

标准分析方法测定苯胺类时,废水中某些物质在酸化条件下,要与过量的氨基磺酸铵和盐酸萘乙二胺进行显色反应,引起正干扰。正确的方法是分析水样的同时,分取与显色反应相同体积废水样,只进行加氨基磺酸铵和盐酸萘乙二胺的操作步骤,测定其吸光度。由水样的吸光度减去后者吸光度的差值来计算苯胺类浓度是科学、准确的。     

ICP-MS法同时测定地表水中18种金属元素

以115In-103Rh为双内标校正系统,采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法同时测定地表水中铜、锌、硒、砷、汞、镉、铅、铁、锰、钼、钴、铍、锑、镍、钡、钒、钛、铊等18种金属元素,优化了测量同位素、内标元素等试验条件。18种金属元素在0μg/L～100μg/L范围内线性良好,检出限为0.006μg/L～0.123μg/L,标准样品的测定值均在保证值范围内,平行测定的RSD为1.7%～4.2%,实际水样加标回收率为89.0%～100%。     

Cu 2+ 对分光光度法测定水样中COD的影响

通过测定Cr^3＋、Cr2O7^2-和Cu^2＋吸收曲线及标准水样的COD值，研究了Cu^2＋对分光光度法测定COD的影响。结果表明，可改变吸收波长和量程消除较高质量浓度Cu^2＋对COD测定值产生的明显影响。当水样Cu^2＋质量浓度超过400mg／L时，须将水样稀释后采用低量程法进行测定。     

Copper, zinc, and cadmium body concentrations in Hexaplex trunculus collected from the Tunisian coast

Copper, Zn, and Cd were analyzed in the soft tissues of the edible gastropod Hexaplex trunculus collected from seven localities along the Tunisian coast. The body concentration of these metals was significantly different depending on the gender and site. Copper and Zn varied, respectively, from 47.70 to 343.64 μg/g dry weight (dw) and 149.46 to 530.44 μg/g dw, being higher in males. Cadmium varied from 0.22 to 18.95 μg/g dw and was always higher in females. Overall, the highest concentrations of the three metals were all recorded in Gabès fishing harbor. Comparison of metal concentrations with the European standards compiled by the Food and Agriculture Organization showed that values exceeded standards in several localities. Imposex had been previously recorded in H. trunculus along the Tunisian coast; however, it does not seem to be related with Cu, Zn, and Cd pollution because the body concentration of these metals is not correlated with imposex degree. Nevertheless, interactive effects resulting from the combination of different pollutants and other stressors cannot be disregarded.     

苏南地区农村河塘底泥中重金属污染调查与评价

对苏南地区农村河塘底泥中重金属的污染物状况及分布特征进行了调查,分别在镇江、宜兴和常州采集了农村居民生活区、农田附近和养殖厂周围13个底泥样品,对底泥中的5种重金属Zn、Cu、Cd、Pb、Cr质量比进行了分析研究,并利用Hakason生态风险指数法评价了底泥中5种重金属对其所在水域的污染程度,对水域和周围环境造成的潜在风险影响.结果表明,苏南地区部分农村河塘底泥已受到轻度的重金属污染,部分采样点Cd、Cu和Zn已达到中度污染;不同类型底泥的重金属的污染程度趋势为:居民生活区＞养殖厂周围＞农田附近.     

鞍山市大气尘和金属元素沉降通量及污染特征

通过采集鞍山市11个点位的降尘样品以及土壤样品,用ICP-MS分析了Cu、Mn、Zn、Pb等元素含量,并计算其沉降通量。结果表明,鞍山地区大气降尘的沉降通量为2.92～59.8g/(m2.month),其中鞍钢厂区沉降通量均值为31.6g/(m2.month),分别是周边地区和对照地区的4.72倍和10.5倍。重金属As、Cr、Pb和Cd的沉降通量分别为3.78、45.5、42.8、0.457g/(hm2.month)。降尘中各元素的富集系数为0.29～190,其中Cu、Fe、Zn、Mo、Cd、Pb和Se的富集系数大于10,说明这些元素主要来自于人为源。鞍钢厂区土壤中Cu、Pb、Mn、Zn、Mo、Cd、Ca、Fe和Se的含量较辽宁省土壤背景值高,说明其土壤环境已经受到了人类活动的影响。     

刚果红-巯基棉分离富集光度法测定垃圾渗滤液中镉

基于在pH值为4.0～5.2的BR缓冲介质中，镉与刚果红发生显色反应并生成蓝色离子缔合物的原理，建立了测定垃圾渗滤液中镉的巯基棉分离富集光度法。其最大正吸收波长和最大负吸收波长分别为604nm和492nm，线性范围分别为0.10mg／L～2.80mg／L和0.10mg／L～3．40mg／L，采用双波长叠加测定灵敏度更高。探讨了渗滤液的处理方法及共存离子对测定的影响，优化了试验条件，实际样品的测定结果与原子吸收法对比无显著差异，加标回收率为98，6％～104％。     

8-羟基喹哪啶固相萃取光度法测定生物样品中的钴

研究了8-羟基喹哪啶与钴的显色反应,在pH为8.0的氯化铵—氨水缓冲介质中,乳化剂-OP存在下,8-羟基喹哪啶与钴反应生成3∶1稳定的蓝紫色配合物,该配合物可被Waters Plus-C18固相萃取小柱萃取富集,小柱上富集的配合物用乙醇为洗脱剂洗脱后用光度法测定,在乙醇介质中,配合物最大吸收波长λmax为595 nm,ε为7.82×103L.mol-1.cm-1。钴含量在0.1~5.0 mg/L内符合比耳定律,方法用于生物样品中痕量钴的测定,结果令人满意。     

Feasibility of On-line Measurement of Sewage Components Using the UV Absorbance and the Neural Network

The objective of this study was to test the feasibility of a new method to improve the accuracy in the estimation of sewage components. Adding to the regression of sewage components with UV (ultraviolet) absorbance values, a proposed method considered an unclear but existing relationship among characteristic of sewage production. Sewage production showed very defined profiles due to the daily human activities. So the main idea was the combination of measuring the UV absorbance values and analyzing the characteristics of the sewage production. For this purpose, 446 sewage samples taken at every 2-h interval for 51 days at a wastewater treatment plant were statistically analyzed using neural network (NN). NN was trained with 350 data sets (about 29 days) of UV absorbance values, flow rate and time. And as a result, it could predict 96 data (12 days) as a validation, indicating that estimation accuracies were improved to higher level than those of the linear regressions. The proposed method could estimate concentrations of total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphate (TP) within practical accuracies as well as total suspended solid.     

Spectrophotometric determination of anionic surfactants: optimization by response surface methodology and application to Algiers bay wastewater

A simple analytical method for quantitative determination of an anionic surfactant in aqueous solutions without liquid-liquid extraction is described. The method is based on the formation of a green-colored ion associate between sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (SDBS) and cationic dye, Brilliant Green (BG) in acidic medium. Spectral changes of the dye by addition of SDBS are studied by visible spectrophotometry at maximum wave length of 627 nm. The interactions and micellar properties of SDBS and cationic dye are also investigated using surface tension method. The pH, the molar ratio ([BG]/[SDBS]), and the shaking time of the solutions are considered as the main parameters which affect the formation of the ion pair. Determination of AS in distilled water gives a significant detection limit up to 3?×?10^?6?M. The response surface methodology (RSM) is applied to study the absorbance. A Box-Behnken is a model designed to the establishment of responses given by parameters with great probability. This model is set up by using the three main parameters at three levels. Analysis of variance shows that only two parameters affect the absorbance of the ion pair. The statistical results obtained are interesting and give us real possibility to reach optimum conditions for the formation of the ion pair. As the proposed method is free from interferences from major constituents of water, it has been successfully applied to the determination of anionic surfactant contents in wastewaters samples collected from Algiers bay.     

COPPER CONTENTS IN MEDITERRANEAN ECOSYSTEMS IN SOUTH AMERICA

Copper mining activities are very important in central Chile.Like other metals, copper is a nutrient for most plants at lowconcentration levels; however, at higher levels it may becometoxic. At present, copper abundance in mediterraneanecosystems is unknown both for vegetation and soils. In thisstudy, two localities of the Coastal Range in central Chilewere studied. Copper content was found to be mainly related tosite type, and secondly to the components of the ecosystem.Copper contents are similar to other mediterranean ecosystemsof the world. Soil was found to represent the main source ofdata variation.