高浓度含氨废水中氨氮的快速测定

依据铵盐与甲醛反应生成等物质量酸的原理,建立了一种快速测定高浓度含氨废水中氨氮含量的甲醛法。试验结果表明,甲醛法所测结果与国家标准分析方法比较无显著性差异。该方法的加标回收率范围为96％～103％,具有快速、简便的优点,对合成氨工业废水和生活污水中氨氮的测定结果令人满意。     

水和气中甲醛测定方法的比较

GB13197—1991《水质甲醛测定乙酰丙酮分光光度法》（简称《水法》）是测定水中甲醛浓度的国标方法，与GB／T15516—1995《空气质量甲醛测定乙酰丙酮分光光度法》（简称《气法》）测定气中甲醛浓度的方法原理一致，但分析细节中存在着差异。《水法》规定，取水样25mL，加0．5％乙酰丙酮溶液2．5mL，于45℃～60℃水浴中显色30min，冷却后比色。     

凯氏氮测定中样品消解催化剂的改进

对凯氏氮测定中样品的消解催化剂进行了改进，提出了用硫酸－硫酸铜代替硫酸－硫酸汞消解样品。试验结果表明，2种方法测定结果基本相符，相对误差不超过8．7％，经t检验，2种方法空白吸光值无显著性差异。     

环境空气质量不同监测方法的对比

在对环境空气质量的监测中，有些城市存在着人工采样实验室测定和连续自动监测系统监测并行的情况。为考察这两种方法监测结果的异同，于夏季连续20d和冬季连续15d进行了对比监测。监测项目为SO2，NO2和PM10。在对比监测中采取了质量控制措施。对人工采样实验室测定进行了综合采样器流量校正，现场空白样和全程序平行样测定；在自动监测系统中，对SO2，NO2监测仪器作零点，标点校正，PM10监测仪作K0校正。对所测得的209个日均值进行了统计分析，结果表明：SO2，PM10两方面测定结果方差相同，NO2两种方法在冬夏两季方差间均有显著性差异；夏季SO2，PM10，冬季NO2两种方法监测结果一致；冬季SO2，PM10，夏季NO2两种方法监测结果有显著性差异；样品浓度水平及天气状况对两种方法测定结果的差异亦产生较大的影响。     

一种便携式荧光测油仪在海上溢油应急监测中的适用性研究

研究了一种便携式荧光测油仪在海上溢油应急监测中的适用性,并与现行仲裁标准方法进行比较分析。研究表明:该便携式荧光测油仪测定海水中油类样品仅需100 mL水样,平均每个样品所需的前处理时间约340 s,方法检出限为0.003 mg/L,测定下限为0.012 mg/L。测定用标准物质配制的不同浓度海水样品,相对标准偏差为0.08%~0.87%,测定标准样品的相对误差为0.49%~4.50%,实际样品加标回收率为90%~107%。对标准物质配制的海水样品进行检测,与现行仲裁标准方法在0.05水平下无显著性差异。在渤海中部海上监测中,连续6 d测定不同标准样品的相对标准偏差为0.26%~0.83%。研究结果表明,该便携式荧光测油仪适用于现场对油类的定量分析和水质评价。     

便携式振荡天平法现场测定固定污染源废气中颗粒物的研究

将振荡天平技术与国内污染源废气监测方法标准相结合,建立了废气中颗粒物现场测定方法--便携式振荡天平法。新建方法以重量法为原理,检出限为0.2 mg/m 3,全程伴热以消除湿度干扰,测试前后以标准滤膜量值验证的方式对称量结果进行质量保证,实现了固定污染源废气中颗粒物的快速、准确的测量。方法建立后与国标法《固定污染源废气低浓度颗粒物的测定重量法》(HJ 836—2017)进行实际样品测定比对,结果表明,2种方法无显著性差异。新建方法提高了工作效率,减少了过程误差。     

恶臭国标测定方法和便携式恶臭测定仪测定结果的比对分析

比对了恶臭国标测定方法《GB/T 14675—1993》和便携式恶臭测定仪对厂界环境空气无组织排放臭气浓度的测定结果。结果显示,恶臭国标测定方法和便携式恶臭测定仪的测定值基本在同一范围内,具有一定的可比性,但2种方法在嗅辨方式、工作地点、结果计算方式、配气方法、样品原始性和测定范围上都存在差异。     

国标浊度测定法与便携式浊度计法测定结果相关性研究

便携式浊度计法与国标浊度测定法（GB13200-1991）测定结果之间是否存在相关性。通过比对实验，便携式浊度计法与国标浊度测定法测定结果之间存在良好的相关性。基于便携式浊度计法与国标浊度测定法测定结果之间的相关性，将便携式浊度计法测定结果（单位：FTU）和国标浊度测定法测定结果（单位：度）进行换算，从而在实验室分析特别是应急监测现场分析当中，使便携式浊度计法成为快速、简便、准确地测定环境水体中浊度的一种实用方法。     

便携式GC-MS法快速测定固定污染源废气中的VOCs

采用便携式GC-MS法快速测定固定污染源废气中VOCs,32种VOCs在2×10~(-7)~1×10~(-6)范围内线性良好,方法检出限为2×10~(-9)~1×10~(-8),标准气体样品6次测定结果的RSD为1.9%~19.1%,环境空气样品的加标回收率为66.2%~116%。在实际现场监测固定污染源中VOCs时,使用速查(Survey)功能可初步判断样品浓度,确定稀释倍数。比对试验结果表明,气袋和玻璃注射器采样法对VOCs测定结果无显著性差异。     

水中氰化物快速测定的方法探讨

利用CN-在苯偶姻缩合反应中的催化作用建立催化快速法,结合测试管法与便携式分光光度法的优势,提出新型氰化物快速定量测定法,并优化该方法的试验条件,使方法在0 mg/L~0.200 mg/L范围内线性良好,检出限为0.005 mg/L。将该方法用于测定氰化物有证标准物质,6次测定结果的RSD为0.5%~2.6%,实际水样的加标回收率为85.0%~110%。该方法与国标法的比对试验表明,2种方法测定结果无显著性差异。     

Influence of a portable air treatment unit on health-related quality indicators of indoor air in a classroom

During periods of two weeks in February and June 2010 the performance of portable air treatment units (PATUs) was evaluated in a primary school classroom using indicators of indoor air quality. Air samples were collected in an undisturbed setting on weekend days and in an occupied setting during teaching hours. In the first week PATUs were turned off and in the second week they were turned on. On weekend days PATUs reduced indoor levels of PM-10 by 87% in February and by 70% in June compared to weekend days when PATUs were turned off. On schooldays, indoor PM-10 was increased by 6% in February and reduced by 42% in June. For PM-2.5 reductions on weekend days were 89% in February and 80% in June. On school days PM-2.5 was increased by 15% in February and reduced by 83% in June. Turning on the PATUs reduced total VOC by 80% on weekend days and by 57% on school days (but not in June). No influence on formaldehyde, NO(2), O(3) and molds was observed. PATUs appeared to be less effective in removal of air pollutants when used in an occupied classroom compared to an unoccupied setting. Our study suggests that such devices should be tested in real-life settings to evaluate their influence on indoor air quality.     

比色法快速测定室内空气甲醛含量

室内空气甲醛的现场快速监测技术已成为环境监测的热点研究领域,旨在为普通家庭提供室内空气甲醛现场监测方法。优化了甲醛吸收液用量、自然吸收时间及吸收液与空气接触面积对监测方法的影响,制作了用于目测室内空气中甲醛含量的标准比色卡,方法简便、快速、经济、实用,可望在普通家庭中得到广泛应用。     

室内空气污染调查

为了解室内空气污染状况，广州市环境监测中心站对刚装修不久的10套私人居室和5家单位办公室的室内空气进行了监测。结果表明，甲醛、苯、NH3、NOx浓度超标，最高超标倍数分别为：甲醛22.0倍，苯3.01倍，NH3 2.58倍，NOx0.30倍。指出，这些污染物主要来源于装修材料和建筑材料，会对人体健康造成危害。提出，为防止室内空气污染，应从源头抓起，装修时尽量选用低毒或无毒的材料，装修后的居室或办公室要保持通风，以降低室内污染物浓度，进驻前请有关权威部门进行监测评估。另外可在室内摆放绿色植物，以吸附一些有毒化合物。     

综合评价室内空气质量初探

阐述了现行室内空气质量评价方法存在的不足,通过分析比较,确定了利用计权型多因子环境质量评价指数进行室内空气质量的综合评价方法.根据当前由于室内装修引起的室内空气污染特点,选择了甲醛、氨气、苯、甲苯、二甲苯和总挥发性有机物等6项指标作为评价因子,各评价因子的权重系数用其危害等级计算得到.     

甲醛的共存对靛酚蓝分光光度法测定室内空气氨含量的影响研究

在对室内空气氨气的采样过程中不可避免地会将室内空气中共存的甲醛引入到氨吸收液中,考察了不同浓度甲醛的共存对使用靛酚蓝法测定室内空气氨含量的影响情况,分析了影响产生的原因,提出了相应的建议,可供从事室内环境检测的工作人员参考。     

副玫瑰苯胺无汞比色法测定空气中的甲醛

在甲醛法测定空气中二氧化硫的基础上,建立了一种测定空气中甲醛的新方法。该方法所用设备和材料与甲醛法测定空气中的二氧化硫相同,不使用含汞试剂,用亚硫酸钠固定标准溶液和吸收液中的甲醛,用氢氧化钠分解羟甲磺酸释放已被固定的甲醛,以副玫瑰苯胺和亚硫酸钠为显色剂绘制标准曲线进行定量。当采集空气30L时,检出限为0.01mgm3,最低检测浓度为0.03mgm3,适用于环境空气及室内空气中甲醛的测定。     

Levels, sources, and health risks of carbonyls in residential indoor air in Hangzhou, China

Concentrations of formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, acetone, propionaldehyde, i-pentanal, and butyraldehyde in residential indoor air in Hangzhou were determined. The mean concentration of the total carbonyl compounds in summer was 222.6 μg/m³, higher than that in winter (68.5 μg/m³). The concentration of a specific carbonyl in indoor air was higher than the outdoor air measurement, indicating the release of carbonyls from the indoor sources. Formaldehyde and acetone were the most abundant carbonyls detected in summer and winter, respectively. Multiple regression analysis indicated that carbonyl concentrations in residential indoor air depended on the age of decoration and furniture, as well as their concentrations in outdoor air. In addition, a primary estimation showed that the health risks of carbonyls in summer were higher than those in winter.     

分光光度法测定室内空气中甲醛的方法研究

针对室内空气中甲醛的特点,在环境空气甲醛的测定方法—乙酰丙酮分光光度法(GB/T15516-95)的基础上,进一步优化了该方法的采样时间、采样流量、样品收集器等,使优化后的测定方法更加适应室内空气监测需要的准确性、简便性、快速性的特点。     

Indoor air quality assessment in child care and medical facilities in Korea

In order to characterize the status of indoor air pollution in some important facilities, a list of key criteria pollutants [particulate matter (PM(10)), carbon dioxide (CO(2)), carbon monoxide (CO), formaldehyde (HCHO), and bioaerosol] was measured from a total of 91 randomly selected sites in 18 different cities, Korea (February 2006 to December 2009). The target facilities include 43 child care facilities, 38 medical facilities, 6 elementary schools, and 4 postnatal care centers. The results showed that some air pollutants (e.g., CO and HCHO) did not exceed the recommended guideline [e.g., the Korean indoor air standard (KIAS) values of 10 ppm and 100 ppb, respectively]. However, concentration of PM(10), CO(2), and bioaerosol occasionally exceeded their respective guidelines (e.g., seven, three, and two cases). Discrete seasonalities were observed from indoor pollutants because of varying ventilation practice (e.g., summer time dominance of PM(10), HCHO, and bioaerosol or winter dominance of CO(2) and CO). However, as the concentrations of the indoor pollutants were scarcely above the recommended guideline level, more diversified approaches are desirable to diagnose the status of indoor pollution and to provide a realistic strategy for the improvement of IAQ.     

承德市室内环境质量污染现状调查与研究

对承德市160家宾馆、饭店、歌舞厅等公共场所,80个民用建筑工程项目,80余家个人家庭装修进行室内环境检测,发现不同场所室内主要超标污染物不同。新建公共场所和个人家装室内空气主要污染物为总挥发性有机物、甲醛、苯、氨,已建成的重点公共场所空气超标污染物主要为二氧化碳、菌落总数,民用建筑工程超标污染物主要为氨。