江苏省环境监测现代化建设方案

阐述了江苏省环境监测现代化建设的指导思想、基本原则和主要目标。指出环境监测现代化建设的任务是建立符合现代化要求的管理体制和运行机制，强化政府职能，建立全省环境监测统一监督管理体制，引导培育监测市场，优化配置监测力量，建立以政府为主导的多元化环境监测投入机制；建立保障生态省建设的监测体系，包括全省环境自动监测(控)系统、遥测遥感系统、人居环境监测技术体系和现代化监测信息系统，实现实验室技术装备现代化和监测科研现代化；建立一支符合现代化要求的环境监测骨干队伍，建立现代人力资源组织方式、增值机制和考核激励机制，加强行业文明建设和行业文化建设；建立符合现代化要求的法制保障体系。提出了实施环境监测现代化建设的主要保障措施。     

新《环保法》背景下的环境监测立法改革取向

对照《中华人民共和国环境保护法》（2014版）中对环境监测的总体要求，指出了目前环境监测监管体系中存在的面对新型环境问题监测滞后、监测基本制度尚不完善、全过程监管出现真空区、法律责任追究软弱乏力、环境监管监测信息封闭、社会监测力量发展缓慢等问题。提出，应构建现代监测管理制度，加快监测信息主动公开，加强全过程的质量控制，充分依靠社会监测力量，推进以人为本环境监测，细化监测法律责任。     

“十二五”新疆环境监测能力建设之展望

依据全疆当前环境监测体系能力建设现状，从监测机构发展和监测网络能力发展的角度上较深刻分析了当前全疆环境监测体系存在的主要问题，提出了“十二五”新疆环境监测能力建设的设想和展望，共同行参考。     

江苏省农村环境监测现状及“十四五”工作建议

农村生态环境保护是实现乡村振兴不可缺少的一环,是保障农业农村高质量发展的基础。基于"十三五"江苏省农村环境监测体系和2020年全省农村环境质量监测结果,分析了全省农村环境监测现状。指出,江苏省农村环境监测工作存在监测任务较重、基础信息获取难度较大、水环境监测代表性不足、监测指标单一以及对农业面源污染治理成效评估支撑不够等问题;提出,强化部门数据共享与信息整合、完善农村环境例行监测网络、构建农业面源污染监测技术体系、探索特色指标监测研究、加强农村环境监测人才队伍建设等"十四五"江苏省农村环境监测工作建议,以期摸清农业面源污染现状,为全省农村生态环境治理提供技术支撑。     

浅谈强化环境监测质量管理体系建设

针对新的历史条件下环境监测质量管理体系建设不断完善的实际需求,提出了完善监测技术体系、补充建立量值溯源基准体系、建立监测质量控制指标体系、提高环境监测人员技术能力和水平、有效运行环境监测质量体系、建立健全监测质量监督机制等6项提升环境监测质量管理水平的体系建设思路。     

上海市环境监测质量管理规划探讨

针对上海市环境监测行业质量管理工作在宏观管理和微观控制两个方面存在的问题,制定了上海市环境监测质量管理近期和中期规划。建立质量管理信息共享平台和QC指标评定体系,组建质量与技术管理委员会,建立环境质量和污染源连续自动监测系统的QA/QC体系。在全市环境监测行业内建立质量管理考核评价体系和法制保障体系,推进LIMS建设并实现与上海市环境监测中心LIMS的无缝链接,探索构建"上海市水环境监测质量控制平台"。     

审时度势 创新发展 全方位推进环境监测现代化建设

回顾了环境监测的发展历程，指出环境监测还面临着定位不明、服务单一、投入不足、监测能力建设滞后的问题。阐述了环境监测现代化建设的总体目标和要求，提出面向“十一五”，围绕建设环境友好型社会、构建和谐社会的时代要求，环境监测必须抓住战略发展机遇，努力开拓创新，健全法制，理顺体制，多元投入。激活机制。强化科研。拓展领域，增强能力。发展事业。全方位推进现代化建设。     

找准定位 科学布局 抓住关键 确保环境监测改革取得扎实成效

环境监测是生态文明建设和环境保护的重要基础。目前,环境监测改革已经进入关键阶段。研究在梳理环境监测基本定位的基础上,分析了各项改革的系统性、协同性,提出要理顺各级监测事权与支出责任,化解地方干预,优化环境监测发展的总体布局,加强环境质量监测和执法监测,建设独立、公正、权威、高效的生态环境监测体系,确保改革取得扎实成效。     

《2010年度江苏省环境监测工作目标考核办法》正式颁发

为组织江苏省各级环境监测站做好2010年环境监测工作，围绕2010年全省环保重点工作，江苏省环保厅编制印发了《2010年度江苏省环境监测工作目标考核办法》（苏环办[2010]93号），考核办法内容包括：先进的监测预警体系建设、减排监测体系建设、预警与应急监测、生态监测、农村环境质量监测、完善和创新环境质量监测、监测信息化与环境质量综合分析、质量管理、监测科研、创建文明行业等11大项34小项，总分105分（其中5分为附加分）。     

我国辐射环境监测法规体系研究

通过对我国辐射环境监测相关法规的调研,在深入分析当前辐射环境监测法规框架结构和突出问题的基础上,构建我国辐射环境监测法规体系,重点关注辐射环境质量监测、核与辐射监督性监测及应急监测等方面的工作需求,提出完善部门规章、健全核安全导则及规范性文件的建议。     

太湖饮用水源地蓝藻水华预警监测体系的构建

从预警机制的建立与分工、预警监测时间的确定、预警监测的启动、预警信息的发布、预警监测的终止、预警监测的工作流程等方面，建立了太湖引用水源地蓝藻水华预警监测体系。指出了政府必须在资金、物资、人才、技术等方面给予预警监测体系充足的保障，确保预警监测体系长期有效地运行。     

A Comparison of Sediment and Monitoring Data: Implications for Paleomonitoring a Small Lake

Long-term limnological monitoring data (from 1971 to 2001) were compared with sediment core record in Lake Viitna Linajärv (hereafter L. Viitna), a small lake in northern Estonia. The monitoring data show that L. Viitna changed from mesotrophic in the 1970s to eutrophic in the 1990s. The trends of paleodata thatintegrate the changes in the biogeochemical matter cycling in the lake over 2–3 years have clear signals about changes in the state ofthe ecosystem in L. Viitna during the last decades. A gradual increase in organic productivity should reflect a greater oxygen demand in the hypolimnion. As a result the hypolimnion becameseasonally anoxic earlier and its pH level remained low for a longer time. These fundamental changes near the sediment-water interface were recorded in the sediment core. The greatest changes occurred at the beginning of the 1980s (layers at a depthof ca. 20 cm), when the meso(eu?)trophic conditions in L. Viitnastarted to become increasingly more eutrophic. The variations ofpaleorecords in the upper part of the sediment core coincide temporally with changes in the water level of the lake.     

Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Network Design for Assessing Human Health Impacts from Exposures to Airborne Contaminants

Existing methods of establishing ambientair quality monitoring networks typically evaluateonly parameters related to ambient concentrations ofthe contaminant(s) of interest such as emissionsource characteristics, atmospheric transport anddispersion, secondary reactions, depositioncharacteristics, and local topography. However,adverse health risks from exposures to airbornecontaminants are a function of the contaminant andthe anatomic and physiologic characteristics of theexposed population. Thus, ambient air qualitymonitoring networks designed for the protection ofpublic health or for epidemiological studiesevaluating adverse health impacts from exposures toambient air contaminants should account for bothcontaminant characteristics and human healthparameters. A methodology has been establishedwhich optimizes ambient air quality monitoringnetworks for assessments of adverse human healthimpacts from exposures to airborne contaminants byincorporating human health risk assessmenttechniques. The use of risk assessment techniquesas the basis for designing ambient air qualitymonitoring networks will help to target limitedfinancial and human resources to evaluate humanhealth risks from exposures to airbornecontaminants.     

垃圾渗滤液氨态氮与挥发性脂肪酸馏出规律研究

为了提高垃圾渗滤液氨态氮（NH4^＋-N）与挥发性脂肪酸（VFA）联合滴定分析结果的准确性，试验研究了NH4^＋-N与VFA的馏出规律，并在此基础上对联合滴定方法的优化进行了探讨。结果表明：测得的NH4^＋-N质量浓度（Y1）、VFA浓度（Y2）与馏出液体积（X）分别符合函数关系式；联合滴定分析过程中，渗滤液样品NH4^＋-N质量浓度应稀释至150mg／L-200mg／L，NH4^＋-N馏出液应大于蒸馏液体积的60％；VFA分析应采用“一次蒸馏80％＋二次蒸馏”的方式，且VFA二次馏出液应大于蒸馏液体积的75％（相对误差限εr〈5％）。     

九龙江河口春季磷的形态分配及浮游植物对磷的响应

以石码河口及上游水域为研究对象，2007年5月对表层水中不同形态的磷及浮游植物生物量叶绿素a（Chla）进行了调查，分析河口磷形态分配的影响因素及与浮游植物生物量的关系。以颗粒态有机磷（POP）为主的颗粒态磷（PP）占总磷的61．2％；溶解态无机磷（DIP）占溶解态磷（TDP）的72．8％。河口区上游磷与河口磷的组成相似，雨水的淋洗作用对水体中磷的组成有较大影响，以颗粒态无机磷（PIP）的显著增高为特征。水中Chla与TP和DOP存在极显著的正相关，表明生物活动在一定程度上控制着该水域表层水中磷形态的分布。     

Canada's National Forest Inventory (Responding to Current Information Needs)

Canada's current National Forest Inventory is a periodic compilation of existing inventory material from across the country. While the current approach has many advantages, it lacks information on the nature and rate of changes to the resource, and does not permit projections or forecasts. Beinga compilation of inventories of different dates, the current national forest inventory cannot reflect the current state ofthe forests and therefore cannot be used as a satisfactory baseline for monitoring change. The current format of Canada's National Forest Inventory has served its purpose by providingnational statistical compilations and reporting. However, itsuseful life is coming to a conclusion. To meet new demands, Canada is considering a new National Forest Inventory design consisting of a plot-based system of permanent observational units located on a national grid. The objective of the new inventory design is to assess and monitor the extent, state andsustainability of Canada's forests in a timely and accurate manner. Details of the new inventory design are described. A strategy to respond to Canada's national and international forest reporting commitments through a National Forest Information System is also discussed.     

Monitoring the Hydrology of Canadian Prairie Wetlands to Detect the Effects of Climate Change and Land Use Changes

There are millions of small isolatedwetlands in the semi-arid Canadian prairies. These`sloughs' are refuges for wildlife in an area that isotherwise intensively used for agriculture. They areparticularly important as waterfowl habitat, with morethan half of all North American ducks nesting inprairie sloughs. The water levels and ecology of thewetlands are sensitive to atmospheric change and tochanges of agricultural practices in the surroundingfields. Monitoring of the hydrological conditions ofthe wetlands across the region is vital for detectinglong-term trends and for studying the processes thatcontrol the water balance of the wetlands. Suchmonitoring therefore requires extensive regional-scaledata complemented by intensive measurements at a fewlocations. At present, wetlands are being enumeratedacross the region once each year and year-roundmonitoring is being carried out at a few locations. Theregional-scale data can be statistically related toregional climate data, but such analyses cast littlelight on the hydrological processes and have limitedpredictive value when climate and land use arechanging. The intensive monitoring network has providedimportant insights but it now needs to be expanded andrevised to meet new questions concerning the effects ofclimate change and land use.     

Assessment of contamination and biomarker responses in two species of herons on the St. Lawrence river

This study was undertaken to validate potential biomarkers of exposure and effects due to chemical contaminants in breedingcolonies of the Great Blue Heron and the Black-crowned Night-Heron on the St. Lawrence River. Eggs and fledglings from both species were collected from many colonies along theRiver. The fledglings from colonies in freshwater and brackishwater were more contaminated by mercury and PCBs than those from estuarine and gulf colonies. With respect to fledglings ofthe two heron species, some morphometric and blood biochemicalmeasurements, including plasma thyroid hormones and retinol, were significantly different among colonies. Significant differences were also observed in liver retinoids, EROD and porphyrins among colonies. The results of this study suggestthat plasma retinoids and thyroid hormones are good biomarkersof exposure and effects, and are sufficiently sensitive to reflect local and regional variations in contamination. Along with the measure of contaminants in egg and plasma, they constitute non-invasive biomarkers which represent an importantcriteria for long term monitoring of wildlife species. It is concluded that the Great Blue Heron is an appropriate sentinelspecies in the surveillance network for the St. Lawrence River.     

太湖流域生态安全监测体系的构建

针对太湖流域水质污染、湖体富营养化、饮用水质受影响和水生植被减少等生态问题，提出了构建生态安全监测指标体系、布设四类监测点位、引入科学的监测技术与评价体系，从而构建流域生态安全监测体系的设想。     

大气扩散CALPUFF模型技术综述

介绍了CALPUFF模式系统的理论知识，以及在应用尺度、适用范围、气象与地形预处理、特殊计算功能模块等方面的特点和优势，综述了其模式验证及在国内的应用情况，提出了模型在应用方面的局限性。