便携式非分散红外烟气仪在高湿低硫锅炉烟气监测中的干扰和对策

简述了便携式非分散红外烟气分析仪在高湿低硫锅炉烟气监测中,存在采样流量、现场温度以及预处理装置反吹等方面的干扰因素。提出了在锅炉烟气监测中可采取控制采样流量、延长仪器预热时间、反吹预处理装置等措施,消除干扰,保证烟气监测的稳定准确。     

突发性大气环境污染事故应急监测布点研究

采样点的布设在应急监测过程中起着至关重要的作用,科学、合理地布置采样点是应急监测的关键技术之一,采样点必须分布在整个事故影响区域。引入气体扩散模式预测事故影响范围,根据毒负荷标准在事故影响区内划分危险区。阐述了应急监测采样点布设原则及事故初期、中期、后期的特点,并对三个时期采样点布设方法进行研究。     

海洋核动力平台核事故应急监测策略研究综

综述了国外核事故应急监测策略研究进展,以及我国在核应急监测法规标准、应急监测方法、应急辐射环境监测技术等方面的研究现状,从海洋核动力平台的法规标准、应急监测方案、应急辐射监测项目和应急监测方法4个方面进行了探讨,并提出了制定核应急监测政策及标准规范、建立应急监测预案库、加快研发应急采样与监测方法、建立海洋放射性监测体系等建议。     

海洋核动力平台核事故应急监测策略研究综述

综述了国外核事故应急监测策略研究进展,以及我国在核应急监测法规标准、应急监测方法、应急辐射环境监测技术等方面的研究现状,从海洋核动力平台的法规标准、应急监测方案、应急辐射监测项目和应急监测方法4个方面进行了探讨,并提出了制定核应急监测政策及标准规范、建立应急监测预案库、加快研发应急采样与监测方法、建立海洋放射性监测体系等建议。     

主动采样法采集博物馆空气中微量污染气体

根据博物馆污染气体的种类,对气体主动采样法进行了采样器种类、吸收液种类和浓度、吸收液体积的选择。验证了气体采样流量、采样时间与气体采样浓度的线性关系,确定了酸性和碱性污染气体的主动采样方法,为监测文物保存环境污染气体提供了可行方法。     

上海市突发性水环境污染事故应急监测能力建设

从硬件条件和软件能力两方面介绍了目前上海市突发性水环境污染事故应急能力的建设现状,从现场应急监测设备和专家库能力建设,污染事故风险源动态数据库建设等6个方面阐述了应急监测能力建设的工作程序,并对如何完善水环境应急监测能力建设进行了探讨。     

固定污染源排放可凝结颗粒物采样方法综述

综述了国内外固定污染源可凝结颗粒物(CPM)冲击冷凝法和稀释冷凝法2种采样方法,指出CPM是固定污染源排放颗粒物的重要组成部分,国内对于固定污染源CPM排放的监测和研究尚处于起步阶段,缺乏必要的CPM采样标准方法。通过分析2种采样方法的优缺点,提出冲击冷凝采样法需进一步降低SO_2等水溶性气体的影响,提高气相CPM冷凝效果及超细颗粒态CPM的捕集效率;稀释冷凝法需提高采样装置的便携性实现可过滤颗粒物(FPM)和CPM的分离采样,提高采样管路壁面颗粒物回收率。同时,针对我国固定污染源如燃煤电厂大量使用湿法脱硫设备的情况,CPM采样方法需提高对低温高湿且夹带液滴烟气采样的适用性。     

VOCs在线监测系统与SUMMA罐采样-气质联用法的比对分析

将挥发性有机污染物在线监测系统与实验室内SUMMA罐采样气质联用法(GC-MS)的挥发性有机物分析进行了标准气体和实际空气样品的分析比对,并对偏差原因作分析,提出在线监测系统的维护建议。结果表明,挥发性有机物在线监测系统的监测结果与实验室方法有一定的可比性,可用于大气中挥发性有机污染物的在线监测。     

江苏响水爆炸事件环境应急监测工作几点思考

2019年3月21日,盐城市响水县陈家港化工园区的江苏天嘉宜化工有限公司发生爆炸事故,江苏省环境监测力量于事故发生后第一时间奔赴现场开展应急监测。通过收集和整理事故发生后环境应急监测工作的详细开展过程、事故现场污染物浓度变化数据,评估了事故应急处置期间污染物对周边环境的影响情况;通过对应急监测的工作措施进行简要分析,总结了应急监测工作在突发性环境污染事件中的作用与影响;指出该事故中监测机构应急监测技术能力的瓶颈和不足,并从根本上为提高应急监测能力提出建议。     

谈大气中有机气体的采样

有机气体污染物的采集是大气中有机样品测定的第一步.而标准监测方法和较为成熟有针对性的监测方法又比较少.这就给我们的监测工作带来了困难.因此掌握一些有机气体污染物采样的基本原则和各种采样方法是完全必要的.大气中有机气体采集基本上分成两大类:直接(集气)采样和富集采样(浓缩采样).     

土壤中挥发性有机污染物现场快速监测技术应用进展

在总结我国突发性环境事故发生现状的基础上,提出了我国环境现场快速监测工作缺少规范化管理,以及标准监测技术方法不完善等问题。探讨了土壤中挥发性有机污染物快速监测技术的研究进展,重点讨论了检测管,手持式气体检测器,便携式气相色谱(配置光离子化检测器、氢火焰离子化检测器或串/并联检测器)及便携式气相色谱-质谱等技术在快速检测土壤中挥发性有机污染物方面的性能特点与应用情况,并对我国建立土壤中挥发性有机污染物现场快速监测标准方法提出了建议。     

New approaches for assessment of occupational exposure to metals using on-site measurements

Traditional assessment of occupational exposure to metals typically involves static or personal aerosol sampling on a membrane filter followed by a laboratory determination of the metal content on the filter sample. These techniques give results with high accuracy and low detection limits. However, they all have a drawback in that, since the samples have to be analysed in a laboratory, the results will usually be obtained days or weeks after the sampling took place. Today there is available a new generation of portable electronic micro-balances and instruments for metal analysis based on X-ray fluorescence. These instruments will make on-site measurements of metal exposure possible, which opens the way for new approaches for assessment of occupational exposure to metals. In combination with high-flow pumps, short-term sampling is possible, which allows monitoring of the exposure variation during a work shift as well as the exposure during individual work tasks of short duration. Screening measurements and emission measurements are other examples of monitoring that are facilitated using on-site determinations. Measure control monitoring can effectively be performed using on-site measurements and is an effective tool in the assessment of workplace improvements. On-site determinations can also form an effective and pedagogic tool showing workers how to perform specific tasks and demonstrating the effectiveness of different measures intended to improve their work environment. Other examples are the assessment of skin exposure using aerosol deposition on pads and screening of contamination using bulk samples.     

温室气体光声光谱检测系统的建立及效果分析

“双碳”目标下,温室气体在线长期稳定监测技术是全面掌握温室气体排放及其环境、气候效应,并预测未来变化趋势的重要保障。为了实时在线监测工业生产现场等环境温室气体浓度及其变化趋势,及时采取相应措施,在分析光声光谱信号产生机理及多组分气体混合监测原理的基础上,根据温室气体的主要成分,分析其吸收光谱特性,基于光声光谱的多组分温室气体的定性和定量监测技术,搭建温室气体光声光谱在线监测实验平台,分析监测器内部噪声和环境温度、湿度等外部影响因素,并通过现场测试,分析试验数据,应用吸附法降低内外部因素的影响。结果表明,对称安装传声器和非共振式光声腔能有效削弱外部噪声对测试结果的影响;空气净化器能降低空气中水蒸气和其他气体对测试结果的影响;低、高浓度混合气体监测结果偏差均小于0.5,与GC测试结果偏差小于10%。应用光声光谱技术的环境温室气体监测技术监测范围宽,选择性好,且监测精度达10^-6,适用于环境温室气体浓度在线监测。     

Application of portable gas chromatography-photo ionization detector combined with headspace sampling for field analysis of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene in soils

A method based on headspace (HS) sampling coupling with portable gas chromatography (GC) with photo ionization detector (PID) was developed for rapid determination of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes (BTEX) in soils. Optimal conditions for HS gas sampling procedure were determined, and the influence of soil organic matter on the recovery of BTEX from soil was investigated using five representative Chinese soils. The results showed that the HS-portable-GC-PID method could be effectively operated at ambient temperature, and the addition of 15 ml of saturated NaCl solution in a 40-ml sampling vial and 60 s of shaking time for sample solution were optimum for the HS gas sampling procedure. The recoveries of each BTEX in soils ranged from 87.2 to 105.1 %, with relative standard deviations varying from 5.3 to 7.8 %. Good linearity was obtained for all BTEX compounds, and the detection limits were in the 0.1 to 0.8 μg kg^?1 range. Soil organic matter was identified as one of the principal elements that affect the HS gas sampling of BTEX in soils. The HS-portable-GC-PID method was successfully applied for field determination of benzene and toluene in soils of a former chemical plant in Jilin City, northeast China. Considering its satisfactory repeatability and reproducibility and particular suitability to be operated in ambient environment, HS sampling coupling with portable GC-PID is, therefore, recommended to be a suitable screening tool for rapid on-site determination of BTEX in soils.     

湿法脱硫后高湿烟气中SO3酸雾监测方法研究

利用三氧化硫(SO3)发生装置以及模拟烟气湿法脱硫系统,研究了烟气再热温度、恒温水浴温度、采样速率、冷凝管类型规格及吸收瓶个数等不同采样参数对SO3酸雾采集率的影响。结果表明,当烟气再热温度低于烟气酸露点时会导致SO3酸雾收集率下降,采用控制冷凝法采样时应使用大流量(10L/min)采样,冷凝管应选择外套长度为400 mm的蛇形螺旋冷凝管,并将冷凝管置于温度为65℃左右的恒温水浴中;用碱液吸收法采样时应串联3个吸收瓶后,使用小流量(1L/min)采样。烟气温湿度、二氧化硫(SO2)浓度以及烟气中共存组分等对碱性吸收法的采集影响较大,而对控制冷凝法几乎没有影响。因此确立了针对湿法脱硫后高湿烟气环境下SO3酸雾的监测方法为控制冷凝法更为适宜。     

Rapid analysis of tile industry gaseous emissions by ion mobility spectrometry and comparison with solid phase micro-extraction/gas chromatography/mass spectrometry

The present paper reports on a rapid method for the analysis of gaseous emissions from ceramic industry, based on ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) as a means for on-site monitoring of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) produced during tile baking. IMS was calibrated with a set of reference compounds (i.e. ethyl acetate, ethanol, ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, acetaldehyde, formaldehyde, 2-methyl-1,3-dioxolane, 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolane, 1,3-dioxolane, 1,4-dioxane, benzene, toluene, cyclohexane, acetone, acetic acid) via air-flow permeation. The technique was tested on a laboratory-scale kiln and tiles prepared with selected glycol- and resin-based additives. Finally, the analytical method was applied to emissions from two industries in the Modena (Italy) ceramic area. The results of all experimental phases were compared to those obtained by solid phase micro-extraction/gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (SPME/GC/MS). IMS showed potential as a real-time monitoring device for quality assessment in ceramic industry emissions. IMS spectra, SPME/GC/MS data, relationship between additives/baking conditions and produced VOCs and advantages and limitations of both techniques will be discussed.     

便携式智能移动终端在环境监测管理系统中的运用

介绍了将便携式智能移动终端引入现场环境监测管理系统的研究过程,依托部署在PDA上的嵌入式软件与通讯协议,将PDA与现场监测仪器直接连接并读取监测数据及结果,通过PDA上安装的无线CDMA模块,将实时的监测数据远程无线传输至指定的数据库内。实现了现场环境监测数据的无线实时传输与无纸化办公。     

工业温室气体CO2排放监测技术前期研究

介绍了国内外二氧化碳（ CO2）气体检测方法，选取红外传感器、非分散红外和气相色谱3种方法监测工业燃煤废气中的CO2。试验结果表明，3种方法的精密度和准确度均满足要求；单一燃煤废气中CO2的体积分数范围为6．70％～15．10％，同一排气筒中CO2体积分数5 min的波动范围为0～22．4％；同一排气筒（单一燃煤废气）中CO2和O2的体积分数有一定的关联性，二者之和基本稳定在19％～21％范围；非分散红外法和气相色谱法测定同一样品的相对偏差为0．9％～3．4％；红外传感器适用于有组织排放的现场监测，另2种方法适用于无组织废气和环境空气监测。     

博物馆室内微环境中碱性气体的被动采样方法研究

针对博物馆微环境中的碱性污染气体-氨气，采用自行研制的被动采样器，建立了一套适合博物馆馆藏文物保存环境中氨气含量分析的被动采样-离子色谱检测方法，应用于博物馆的实地采样分析，通过与主动法采样对照，获得了被动采样器在博物馆微环境中氨的吸收系数，从而获得采样点空气中氨气的浓度，为博物馆文物保存环境监测提供了可行方法。