首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 125 毫秒
1.
中国地表水环境质量标准修订研究   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
提出了对GB3838-88地面水环境质量标准的修订原则和目标。制定了GB383-98地表水环境质量标准的总体框架。新标准有基本项目31项,特定项目45项,对42面有机化学物质指标3项防止富养化指标和2项常规污染控制指标作了较详细地论述,对项目的分析方法亦作了增订和补充。  相似文献   

2.
《地表水环境质量标准》(GB 3838—2002)有20个元素项目,相应配套了33种分析方法。结合环境监测实际,探讨了GB 3838—2002存在的主要问题:15个元素项目23种分析方法不能满足Ⅰ类地表水监测,8个元素对应的18种分析方法相互矛盾,70%的分析方法没有结合当今仪器技术的革新而修订;19个元素项目指标概念模糊,同时分析方法的国际化程度低。针对GB 3838—2002中存在的问题,提出了一些启示性建议,为完善或修订GB 3838—2002提供参考。  相似文献   

3.
地表水环境质量标准(GB 3838-2002)中规定的集中式生活饮用水地表水源地特定项目中有20多项属于挥发性有机污染物,研究了吹扫捕集气相色谱质谱方法测定这些挥发性有机物特定项目.优化了色谱条件,测定结果线性良好,目标化合物加标回收率、检出限等指标均符合地表水环境质量标准的要求.  相似文献   

4.
中国地表水环境质量标准修订研究(续)夏青(中国环境科学研究院北京100021)中国地表水环境质量标准修订后的基本项目31项和特定项目45项的分析方法见表3、表4。表3地表水环境质量标准基本项目分析方法基本项目分析方法检测限mg/L方法来源水温温度计法...  相似文献   

5.
综合考虑国外优先控制污染物筛选的方法,根据上海市集中式生活饮用水源地特定80项和地表水控制的109项以外项目、全市挥发性和半挥发性有机项目、水源地突发性应急事故有机污染物等实际监测数据和历年来微量有机污染物研究成果,制定饮用水源地优先控制有机污染物筛选的原则、程序和过程,对出现频率高、超标几率高、浓度高,可能对人体健康产生影响的有机污染物进行筛选,提出包括多环芳烃、酞酸酯、卤代烃和其他共4类7种上海市饮用水源地优先控制有机污染物名单.  相似文献   

6.
浑河沈阳段地表水有机污染物对水环境影响的安全性评估   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
用GB 3838-2002《地表水质量标准》和美国EPA推荐的“地面水质量标准”对浑河沈阳段地表水中的有机污染状况进行了安全性评估。用两种不同的方法评估,结果虽然有所差别,但结论是一致的,即浑河沈阳段地表水有机污染物十分严重,已经对人体健康和生态环境安全构成危害。  相似文献   

7.
报道了Trap I(VOCARB 4000)柱捕集水中挥发性有机污染物的性能和条件,建立了吹扫捕集和气相色谱-质谱联用测定饮用水和地表水样中25种挥发性有机污染物的分析方法.水样的加标回收率在90%~110%之间,最低检测限在0.04~0.85μg/L之间,20μg/L的挥发性有机物标准溶液经重复6次测定,其相对标准偏差基本小于5.0%.该方法已成功地运用于饮用水和地表水中挥发性有机污染物的测定,结果令人满意.  相似文献   

8.
水质灰色关联评价方法   总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10  
把水环境视为灰色系统,将水质状态指标作为一灰灰类,考虑水质分级界限的不确定性,采用灰色关联分析方法进行地表水水质评价。实例证明,该法是合理可行的。  相似文献   

9.
为了评价并进行城市水环境质量考核排名,介绍了江苏省组织开展涵盖地表水、饮用水、地下水、近岸海域和城市内河5种类型"全要素、代表性"水质监测断面(点位)体系建设工作的情况以及全要素断面设置的基本原则和做法。分苏南、苏北、苏中3个区域,对全省地表水监测代表性进行了量化计算,结果表明,调整后全省水质综合指数极差从41.07降至7.17,标准差从3.16降为0.49;采用德尔斐层次分析法分析,设计了水质代表性指数,含1项一级指标、5项二级指标、12项三级指标,计算表明,调整前全省水质代表性指数得分为69.1分,调整后为88.7分。将调整结果进行论证后再与各市环保主管部门交换意见,取得最终一致后正式实施。  相似文献   

10.
评估国家重点生态功能区县域的水环境保护成效,对国家生态环境保护与修复决策具有重要意义。基于2012—2020年地表水监测数据及污水排放和气候数据,评估并分析了国家重点生态功能区县域的地表水环境状况。研究表明,2012—2020年国家重点生态功能区县域地表水水质持续改善,Ⅰ~Ⅲ类水质断面的比例从89.14%上升到93.47%,但部分地区地表水环境质量仍有待提升,尤其是内蒙古北部、山西西部、陕西北部和京津冀地区。4类生态功能区中,生物多样性维护区地表水水质最好,其次为水源涵养区,再次为水土保持区,防风固沙区最差。化学需氧量和高锰酸盐指数是国家重点生态功能区县域地表水的主要超标项,2012—2020年该两项指标超标断面占总超标断面的比例的多年平均值分别为24.22%和17.29%。县域年化学需氧量排放量及年降水量是影响相关地区地表水环境质量的重要因素。建议增加总氮作为国家重点生态功能区县域地表水质量评价指标,并在进行水环境评价时充分考虑当地的背景情况。  相似文献   

11.
水样中痕量有机物分析的前处理方法   总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8  
对几种常用或新近发展起来的水中有机物分析的前处理方法作了简要论述 ,着重讨论了它们的应用特点、优缺点以及发展前景  相似文献   

12.
A method has been developed for the speciation and quantitative determination of hydrocarbons in urban air in the city of Leeds. Hydrocarbons were pre-concentrated by adsorbent tube air sampling and analyzed using thermal desorption and gas chromatography with flame ionization detection and structural confirmation by mass spectrometric detection. While automated volatile organic compound (VOC) analyzers produced data for a maximum of about 30 compounds simultaneously, with the method described here, a total of 68 C6-C12 hydrocarbons were measured simultaneously in one analysis at parts per billion (ppb) levels. Several monitoring surveys were performed, one during the winter of 1993 and the other in the summer of 1994, at a number of sites to investigate the levels of VOCs identified in the urban air of Leeds.  相似文献   

13.
During a monitoring campaign concentrations of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were measured in indoor air of 79 dwellings where occupants had not complained about health problems or unpleasant odour. Parameters monitored were the individual concentration of 68 VOCs and the total concentration of all VOCs inside the room. VOCs adsorbed by Tenax TA were then analysed by means of thermal desorption, gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. The analytical procedure and quantification was done according to the recommendation of the ECA-IAQ Working Group 13 which gave a definition of the total volatile organic compound (TVOC) concentration. Using this recommendation TVOC-concentrations ranged between 33 and 1600 microg m(-3) with a median of 289 microg m(-3). Compounds found in every sample and with the highest concentrations were 2-propanol, alpha-pinene and toluene. Save for a few samples, all concentrations measured have been a factor 2 to 10 lower, compared to data from similar studies. Only a few terpenes and aldehydes were found exceeding published reference data or odour threshold concentrations. However, it has been found that sampling and analysing methods do have a considerable impact on the results, making direct comparisons of studies somewhat questionable. 47% of all samples revealed concentrations exceeding the threshold value of 300 microg TVOC m(-3) set by the German Federal Environmental Agency as a target for indoor air quality. Using the TVOC concentration as defined in the ECA-IAQ methodology is instrumental in assessing exposure to VOCs and identifying sources of VOCs. The background concentrations determined in this study can be used to discuss and interpret target values for individual and total volatile organic compounds in indoor air.  相似文献   

14.
探究复杂环境介质中有机污染物分析检测新方法,建立复杂环境介质中可疑和非目标化合物的快速筛选及确证方案,已成为环境科学领域的研究热点。高分辨质谱仪(HR-MS)具有质量范围宽、扫描速度快、灵敏度高等优点,使其在环境科学领域得到广泛应用。综述了混合高分辨率质谱(Q-TOF/Q Orbitrap)等HR MS技术的特点和工作原理,基于目标化合物分析、可疑化合物分析以及非目标化合物分析这3类研究策略,阐述了HR-MS在环境研究、药品监管及生物代谢物研究等领域的应用现状,进而分析了现阶段HR MS在环境科学领域中的应用局限性和发展前景。  相似文献   

15.
介绍了我国水环境有机物分析中常用的前处理技术,包括液液萃取、树脂吸附、固相萃取、固相微萃取、液膜萃取、半透膜被动采样、顶空、吹扫-捕集等,归纳了各种方法的原理、应用及优缺点,并对环境中有机污染物前处理技术的发展方向进行了展望。  相似文献   

16.
A new four-step hierarchy method was constructed and applied to evaluate the groundwater quality and pollution of the Dagujia River Basin. The assessment index system is divided into four types: field test indices, common inorganic chemical indices, inorganic toxicology indices, and trace organic indices. Background values of common inorganic chemical indices and inorganic toxicology indices were estimated with the cumulative-probability curve method, and the results showed that the background values of Mg2+ (51.1 mg L?1), total hardness (TH) (509.4 mg L?1), and NO3 ? (182.4 mg L?1) are all higher than the corresponding grade III values of Quality Standard for Groundwater, indicating that they were poor indicators and therefore were not included in the groundwater quality assessment. The quality assessment results displayed that the field test indices were mainly classified as grade II, accounting for 60.87% of wells sampled. The indices of common inorganic chemical and inorganic toxicology were both mostly in the range of grade III, whereas the trace organic indices were predominantly classified as grade I. The variabilities and excess ratios of the indices were also calculated and evaluated. Spatial distributions showed that the groundwater with poor quality indices was mainly located in the northeast of the basin, which was well-connected with seawater intrusion. Additionally, the pollution assessment revealed that groundwater in well 44 was classified as “moderately polluted,” wells 5 and 8 were “lightly polluted,” and other wells were classified as “unpolluted.”  相似文献   

17.
室内人造板材制品释放挥发性有机化合物研究   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5       下载免费PDF全文
通过对浸渍纸层压木质地板、实木地板、实木复合地板、竹地板、胶合板、细木工板6种共39个人造板材中的挥发性有机物进行定性研究,确定了家用人造板材制品释放的主要挥发性有机物种类,以及人造板材制品中芳香族化合物的主要来源.通过对5间购入新家具的室内环境空气中甲醛、苯、甲苯和总挥发性有机化合物(TVOC)的定量分析,确定了人造板材制品释放挥发性有机化合物的污染水平.研究表明,人造板材释放的挥发性有机化合物以烯烃、芳香族、酯类化合物为主,其中芳香族化合物主要来源于胶合板和细木工板,室内人造板材制品的使用可以使室内环境空气中挥发性有机化合物的质量浓度显著提高.  相似文献   

18.
Accurate determinations of total (TOC), dissolved (DOC) and particulate (POC) organic carbon concentrations are critical for understanding the geochemical, environmental, and ecological roles of aquatic organic matter. Of particular significance for the drinking water industry, TOC measurements are the basis for compliance with US EPA regulations. The results of an interlaboratory comparison designed to identify problems associated with the determination of organic matter concentrations in drinking water supplies are presented. The study involved 31 laboratories and a variety of commercially available analytical instruments. All participating laboratories performed well on samples of potassium hydrogen phthalate (KHP), a compound commonly used as a standard in carbon analysis. However, problems associated with the oxidation of difficult to oxidize compounds, such as dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid and caffeine, were noted. Humic substances posed fewer problems for analysts. Particulate organic matter (POM) in the form of polystyrene beads, freeze-dried bacteria and pulverized leaf material were the most difficult for all analysts, with a wide range of performances reported. The POM results indicate that the methods surveyed in this study are inappropriate for the accurate determination of POC and TOC concentration. Finally, several analysts had difficulty in efficiently separating inorganic carbon from KHP solutions, thereby biasing DOC results.  相似文献   

19.
The strategy for decreasing volatile organic compound emissions in Mexico has been focused much more on tailpipe emissions than on evaporative emissions, so there is very little information on the contribution of evaporative emissions to the total volatile organic compound inventory. We examined the magnitudes of exhaust and evaporative volatile organic compound emissions, and the species emitted, in a representative fleet of light-duty gasoline vehicles in the Metropolitan Area of Mexico City. The US “FTP-75” test protocol was used to estimate volatile organic compound emissions associated with diurnal evaporative losses, and when the engine is started and a journey begins. The amount and nature of the volatile organic compounds emitted under these conditions have not previously been accounted in the official inventory of the area. Evaporative emissions from light-duty vehicles in the Metropolitan Area of Mexico City were estimated to be 39 % of the total annual amount of hydrocarbons emitted. Vehicles built before 1992 (16 % of the fleet) were found to be responsible for 43 % of the total hydrocarbon emissions from exhausts and 31 % of the evaporative emissions of organic compounds. The relatively high amounts of volatile organic compounds emitted from older vehicles found in this study show that strong emission controls need to be implemented in order to decrease the contribution of evaporative emissions of this fraction of the fleet.  相似文献   

20.
调研分析了国内水中氯苯类化合物的常用分析技术应用现状,对吹扫捕集-气相色谱/质谱联用法可量化的精密度与准确度质量控制指标开展研究。针对水中氯苯、1,2-二氯苯、1,4-二氯苯、三氯苯等4种氯苯类化合物的实际样品平行测定相对偏差、空白加标回收率及平行样相对偏差、实际样品加标回收率及平行样相对偏差等指标,通过实验室内方法优化和参数确定,以及国内多家实验室质控数据采集与统计分析,经文献数据比对,获得了不同置信区间下系统性和适用性良好的量化质控指标。  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号