地下饮用水中痕量NO2-的催化动力学法测定

报道了一种新的测定NO2-的高选择性和高灵敏度的催化光度分析法.基于H3PO4介质中,碘绿与溴酸钾的氧化还原反应受亚硝酸盐的催化使碘绿褪色.据此建立了测定NO2-的新方法.本方法检出限为0.29μg/L,该方法用于地下饮用水、环境标样的测定,相对标准偏差为1.05%～4.80%,加标回收率为95%～117%.     

顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-串联质谱法测定水中2,4,6-三氯酚

建立了顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-串联质谱法(HS-SPME-GC-MS-MS)测定水中2,4,6-三氯酚的方法。优化条件下,在1. 00～50. 0μg/L质量浓度范围内线性响应良好(r~2=0. 999 1);检出限0. 224μg/L,测定下限0. 896μg/L;加标样相对标准偏差(RSD)为4. 15%～6. 24%;加标回收率为81. 0%～115%;单个样品检测总时间40 min。该方法萃取与气相色谱-串联质谱分析在线一步完成,操作简便、灵敏度高、抗干扰性强,适用于地表水、生活饮用水、工业废水等水体中2,4,6-三氯酚的检测。     

5-氯-2-(吡啶偶氮)-1,3-二氨基苯分光光度法测定水质钴

采用5-氯-2-(吡啶偶氮)-1,3-二氨基苯分光光度法测定水质钴。对分析方法的样品前处理、样品保存、样品分析条件、干扰消除、检出限及测定范围、实际样品测定进行了深入研究和技术改进。水样经消解后测定的方法检出限为0.009 mg/L,经富集后测定的方法检出限为4×10-4mg/L,干扰消除实验的回收率为96%~101%,地表水、地下水、生活污水及工业废水等4种类型水样的加标回收率为92%~103%。     

微乳液介质 - 4- (6- 甲氧基 - 8- 喹啉偶氮 )- 间苯三酚分光光度法测定微量铜

研究了溴代十六烷基吡啶、正丁醇、正庚烷和水自制微乳溶液介质中,4-（6-甲氧基-8-喹啉偶氮）-间苯三酚与铜的显色反应,建立了分光光度法测定微量铜的新方法。在显色液中铜的质量浓度在0.010 mg/L～0.700 mg/L范围内符合比尔定律,方法检出限为0.003 mg/L,铝合金和水样测定的RSD为0.3%～1.7%,加标回收率为96.3%～104%。     

动态固相微萃取-气相色谱质谱法测定水中多种异味有机物

采用动态固相微萃取技术富集水样中2-异丙基-3-甲氧基吡嗪、2-异丁基-3-甲氧基吡嗪、2-MIB、β-环柠檬醛、2,4,6-三氯苯甲醚、GSM、α-紫罗酮和β-紫罗酮等8种异味有机物,并用气相色谱质谱法测定。通过优化试验条件,使方法在2. 00 ng/L～100 ng/L范围内线性良好,方法检出限为1. 0 ng/L～4. 4 ng/L。空白水样3个质量浓度水平的加标回收率为81. 0%～121%,6次测定结果的RSD为1. 7%～8. 9%。将该方法用于一水库实际水样的测定,结果 2-MIB、β-环柠檬醛、α-紫罗酮和β-紫罗酮检出,其余均为未检出。     

微波消解-分光光度法测定土壤中的全硼

研究了分光光度法测定土壤中的全硼时样品的微波消解方法.建立了合理的分析步骤.进行了微波消解条件的选择及测定结果精密度、准确度实验.实验结果为:消解完全仅需25min,相对标准偏差7.6%,其方法的加标回收率为98.4%～112%.结果表明,微波消解-分光光度法测定土壤中的全硼是一种快速、准确且低环境污染的方法.     

在线固相萃取-高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定饮用水中4种兴奋剂

可替宁、可待因、1,7-二甲基黄嘌呤和咖啡因作为药物及其代谢产物广泛应用于日常生活中,其在环境中的残留物可能对人类健康和生态环境安全造成威胁。采用在线固相萃取法进行前处理,酸性条件(0. 1%甲酸水溶液)上样,水样加硫代硫酸钠(1 L水样加0. 1 g硫代硫酸钠)除去余氯后用高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定饮用水中可替宁、可待因、1,7-二甲基黄嘌呤和咖啡因这4种兴奋剂。当进样体积为1. 0 m L时,方法检出限为0. 633～1. 75 ng/L,测定下限为2. 53～6. 98 ng/L,饮用水样品加标回收率为80. 0%～129%,多次测定均值的相对标准偏差(RSD)5%。方法检出限低,精密度和准确度好,能满足饮用水样品中4种兴奋剂的日常检测。     

铬 (Ⅵ)-碘化钾-罗丹明B-PVA 体系分光光度法测定水中痕量铬 (Ⅵ)

建立了铬(Ⅵ)-碘化钾-罗丹明B高灵敏显色体系,在酸性介质中,铬(Ⅵ)将I-定量氧化成I-3,I-3与罗丹明B在聚乙烯醇体系中形成缔合物,通过光度法测定缔合物的吸光值,间接测定水中痕量铬(Ⅵ).缔合物的最大吸收波长为590 nm,在避光条件下可稳定约1 h.讨论了酸度、试剂用量及共存离子对测试的影响,方法在0 mg/L～0.800 mg/L范围内符合比耳定律,检出限为0.011 mg/L,标准溶液测定的RSD为2.0%,模拟污水加标回收率为97.5%～104%.     

开氏消煮-常量蒸馏-滴定法测定土壤中总氮量

文章对开氏消煮-常量蒸馏-滴定法测定总氮过程中样品消解时间和消解温度对样品测定值的影响及测定方法进行了研究。测定了不同含氮量的土壤样品,样品相对标准偏差为1.6%-3.9%,与经典法测定相比相对偏差为0.2%-3.1%。认为该方法适用于土壤总氮的测定,与经典法相比操作简便,适用大量样品的检测。     

过氯乙烯滤膜采样-酸消解-钼蓝光度法测定磷酸雾

建立了过氯乙烯滤膜采样 -酸消解 -钼蓝分光光度法测定磷化车间磷酸雾的监测方法。实验室模拟采样的捕集效率为 95 7%～ 99 1 %。单个实验室对含 5μg和 1 5μg样品进行多次测定 ,其相对标准差小于 5% ,样品加标回收率为 98 2 %～ 1 0 0 5% ,方法检测限为 0 0 0 7mg/m3。对标样测定 ,结果均在给定值范围内。用该法与等离子发射光谱法(ICP)对 5个样品进行比对测定 ,结果均令人满意。     

柱前衍生-EI源串联四极杆气质联用测定地表水中的丙烯酰胺

建立了地表水中痕量丙烯酰胺的柱前衍生-EI源串联四极杆气质联用测定方法。丙烯酰胺的双键经溴化衍生成2,3-二溴丙酰胺,加入硫酸钠盐析,乙酸乙酯萃取,浓缩取1μl进样,由串联四极杆气相色谱质谱联用仪测定。通过MRM(150→70.0/107.0)多反应监测实现定性和外标法定量分析。与其他方法相比,该方法具有定性准确、灵敏度高的特点。方法检出限为0.03μg/L,线性范围在0.030~40μg/L;相关系数r=0.9998;六次测定值RSD在14.3%;回收率在89%~196%之间,结果满意。     

A New Method for Determination of Chlorophylls in Freshwater Algae

A new method (NMM, using acetic acid fiber filter and 90% ethanol) was established to determine chlorophyll in freshwater algae, and it was compared with US standard method (USM, using glass fiber filter and 90% acetone) and the method recommend by EPA of China (CHM, using acetic acid fiber filter and 90% acetone). The precision and repeatability of NMM is equivalent to that of USM, but NMM is safer to laboratory workers than USM and CHM because ethanol was used as solvent in NMM instead of acetone used in USM and CHM, and time and money were also greatly saved by the new method. The precision and repeatability of CHM was much less than USM and NMM, and the advice improving the method was proposed that the extraction time must be prolonged.     

石墨炉原子吸收法快速测定水中的四乙基铅

用三氯甲烷萃取水中的四乙基铅,直接上石墨炉原子吸收仪进行测定。结果表明,方法相对标准偏差为5.9%,平均回收率在90.4%~108%之间,检出限为1.3×10-5mg/L。准确度高,精密度好。     

气相色谱法测定环境空气中2-甲基吡啶的方法

研究建立了活性炭管吸附,甲醇解吸,气相色谱法测定环境空气中2-甲基吡啶的方法。该法的检出限为1.8×10~(-3)mg/m~3,线性相关系数r为0.999 6,精密度RSD为1.3%~2.9%,回收率为82%~84%。该方法简单,干扰较少,结果准确、可靠,重现性好,适用于环境空气中2-甲基吡啶的测定。     

退浆废水中聚乙烯醇的分析检测研究

建立了紫外可见分光光度法检测退浆废水中聚乙烯醇(PVA)含量的方法。以硼酸为介质,碘化钾—碘溶液为显色剂,检测波长为680 nm,测定退浆废水中PVA含量的线性方程为Y=0.018 8X+0.003 2,相关系数R2=0.999 3,平均加标回收率为97.6%;方法精密度(RSD=1.5%)、重现性(RSD=1.8%)均较好。该方法操作简单、准确度高、测定快速,适用于测定退浆废水中PVA的含量。     

Diffusive sampling of methyl isocyanate using 4-nitro-7-piperazinobenzo-2-oxa-1,3-diazole (NBDPZ) as derivatizing agent

A diffusive sampling method for the determination of methyl isocyanate (MIC) in air is introduced. MIC is collected using a glass fiber filter impregnated with 4-nitro-7-piperazinobenzo-2-oxa-1,3-diazole (NBDPZ). The urea derivative formed is desorbed from the filter with acetonitrile and analyzed by means of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using fluorescence detection (FLD) with lambdaex = 471 nm and lambdaex = 540 nm. Additionally, a method was developed using tandem mass spectrometric (MS-MS) detection, which was performed as selected reaction monitoring (SRM) on the transition [MIC-NBDPZ + H]+ (m/z 307) to [NBDPZ + H]+ (m/z 250). The diffusive sampler was tested with MIC concentrations between 1 and 35 microg m(-3). The sampling periods varied from 15 min to 8 h, and the relative humidity (RH) was set from 20% up to 80%. The sampling rate for all 15 min experiments was determined to be 15.0 mL min(-1) (using HPLC-FLD) with a relative standard deviation of 9.9% for 56 experiments. At 80% RH, only 15 min sampling gave acceptable results. Further experiments revealed that humidity did not affect the MIC derivative but the reagent on the filter prior to and during sampling. The sampling rate for all experiments (including long term sampling) performed at 20% RH was found to be 15.0 mL min(-1) with a relative standard deviation of 6.3% (N = 42). The limit of quantification was 3 microg m(-3) (LC-MS-MS: 1.3 microg m(-3)) for 15 min sampling periods and 0.2 microg m(-3) (LC-MS-MS: 0.15 microg m(-3)) for 8 h sampling runs applying fluorescence detection.     

Evaluation of a tape-stripping technique for measuring dermal exposure to pyrene and benzo(a)pyrene

Epidemiological studies have shown an increased incidence of cancer among workers occupationally exposed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). As the dermal route is considered important for exposure to PAHs in the workplace, the aim of this study was to develop and evaluate a tape-stripping technique for monitoring dermal exposure to pyrene and benzo(a)pyrene. The tape-stripping method was evaluated by applying different concentrations of pyrene and benzo(a)pyrene directly onto tape strips (spiked tapes), clean glass plates, and on the skin of five volunteers. The glass plates were stripped using a single strip of tape and the skin of the volunteers was stripped with five consecutive strips of tape after 0 and 30 minutes. The method was also tested on five chimney sweeps at three exposure sites. High-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection was employed for the quantification of pyrene and benzo(a)pyrene. The mean recovery from the spiked tapes was 97% for pyrene and 93% for benzo(a)pyrene. The mean overall recovery from the glass plates was 88% and 76% for pyrene and 88 and 85% for benzo(a)pyrene. The recovery from human skin was 70% and 63% for pyrene and 60 and 54% for benzo(a)pyrene, after 0 and 30 minutes, respectively. A concentration gradient was clearly detected between the five consecutive strips. Detectable amounts of pyrene and benzo(a)pyrene were found on all chimney sweeps at all exposure sites. This method can thus be used to detect and quantify dermal exposure to pyrene and benzo(a)pyrene. The results also show that pyrene and benzo(a)pyrene may be taken up by the skin.     

Efficacy of surface sampling methods for different types of beryllium compounds

The objective of the research work was to evaluate the efficiency of three different sampling methods (Ghost Wipe?, micro-vacuum, and ChemTest?) in the recovery of Be dust by assessing: (1) four Be compounds (beryllium acetate, beryllium chloride, beryllium oxide and beryllium aluminium), (2) three different surfaces (polystyrene, glass and aluminium) and (3) inter-operator variation. The three sampling methods were also tested on site in a laboratory of a dental school for validation purposes. The Ghost Wipe? method showed recovery ranging from 43.3% to 85.8% for all four Be compounds and for all three quantities of Be spiked on Petri dishes, while recovery with the micro-vacuum method ranged from 0.1% to 12.4%. On polystyrene dishes with 0.4 μg Be, the recovery ranged from 48.3% to 81.7%, with an average recovery of 59.4% for Operator 1 and 68.4% for Operator 2. The ChemTest? wipe method with beryllium acetate, beryllium chloride, and AlBeMet? showed analogous results that are in line with the manufacturer's manual, but collection of beryllium oxide was negative. In the dental laboratory, Ghost Wipe? samplings showed better recovery than the micro-vacuum method. The ratios between the recovered quantities of Be in each location where the Ghost Wipe? was tested differed substantially, ranging from 1.45 to 64. In the dental laboratory, a faint blue color indicating the presence of Be was observed on the ChemTest? wipes used in two locations out of six. In summary, the Ghost Wipe? method was more efficient than micro-vacuuming in collecting the Be dust from smooth, non-porous surfaces such as Petri dishes by a factor of approximately 18. The results obtained on site in a dental laboratory also showed better recovery with Ghost Wipes?. However, the ratio of Be recovered by Ghost Wipes? versus micro-vacuuming was much lower for surfaces where a large amount of dust was present. Wet wiping is preferred over micro-vacuuming for beryllium forms, but this conclusion probably applies to the ultra-low particulate loading levels (0.4 micrograms or less) which was tested in this study.     

改进的还原偶氮光度法同时快速测定水中硝基苯和苯胺

对测定方法进行了改进,建立了用还原-偶氮分光光度法同时快速测定水中硝基苯和苯胺的分析方法。根据实验原理,对样品前处理装置进行了改进,实验步骤得到了简化,避免了样品溶液过滤转移过程造成样品损失,使样品前处理实验效率提高了90%以上;改进后的测定方法不仅可快速测定样品中硝基苯,还可同时测定样品中苯胺;达到了用一种分析方法同时测定样品中两种污染物的目的。方法精密度测定结果,相对标准偏差(n=6,RSD)为1.9%~3.2%;对硝基苯、苯胺混合标准样品以及实际废水样品进行了测定,并与原测定方法及苯胺国标测定方法进行了比对实验;测定结果具有一致性。加标实验回收率为96%~101%,表明方法准确可靠,可用于水和废水中硝基苯或硝基苯和苯胺的同时测定。     

SPE-GCMS法分析饮用水源水中痕量半挥发性有机物

采用C 18固相萃取柱富集,乙酸乙酯、二氯甲烷和丙酮混合溶剂以1∶1∶1比例洗脱、自动固相萃取的前处理方法,气相色谱质谱连用,分析水源水中33种半挥发性有机物,并与液液萃取前处理方法进行比较。结果表明:在500~5 000μg/L范围内,33种SVOC线性良好,相关系数0.990,回收率为70.1%~114.2%,相对标准偏差为2.4%~13.4%,方法检出限为0.06~0.25μg/L;而且该方法较液液萃取,检出样品种类多。适用于饮用水源水中半挥发性有机物的监测。