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1.
武威市空气质量分析与污染防治   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
通过对武威市1991—2001年的大气污染资料进行分析,得出了大气污染综合指数和污染物浓度的时空分布特征及其与沙尘天气的关系。  相似文献   

2.
城市大气采样点的模糊聚类优选方法   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
运用数理统计模糊聚类分析方法对各大气采样点获得的监测数据进行聚类相关分析,优选出较科学、合理且足以能反映城市大气污染水平、分布特征及时空变化规律的采样点。文中详细介绍了优选方法。  相似文献   

3.
乌鲁木齐市与北方四城市的空气污染对比及原因分析   总被引:7,自引:1,他引:6  
根据乌鲁木齐、兰州、太原、石家庄和北京五大北方城市的空气污染特征,结合各城市人口、经济和地理位置等要素,分析了乌鲁木齐市与其它城市空气污染及成因的主要异同点,对目前乌鲁木齐市大气污染治理中的若干问题进行了探讨。  相似文献   

4.
乌鲁木齐市大气污染时空分布规律研究   总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3  
李沫 《干旱环境监测》2009,23(4):223-226
为掌握乌鲁木齐市大气污染时空分布规律,利用近年乌鲁木齐市大气污染物的浓度最新资料,详尽分析了其空气质量的年际变化和空间分布特征。统计了2008年各污染物日、月变化规律。结果表明,近年乌鲁木齐市城区大气污染物质量浓度具有明显时空分布规律,即大气污染物质量浓度冬春季大于夏秋季,PM10和SO2浓度夜间大于白天。在空间分布上,PM10和SO2南部区域最高,中部次之,市区北部最轻,NO2则呈现出由北向南逐渐升高的分布特征。  相似文献   

5.
通过对淮阴市城区内大气污染源调查及不同高度主要大气污染指标的监测研究,分析了淮阴市城区大气污染物时空分布的基本趋势。结果表明,市区大气污染与污染源分布及源强呈一定相关性,近地面的大气环境质量劣于高空的大气环境质量,污染物的垂直分布受大气稳定度影响。  相似文献   

6.
为探究北京城区和京津冀城市群等不同尺度上地表热环境时空格局变化以及与大气污染和污染排放的关系,利用Landsat-58、Terra MODIS和Aura卫星上OMI等多期数据,采用普适性单窗算法反演了不同区域的地表温度强度,并结合京津冀重点行业NOX排放量和区域NO2柱浓度空间分布数据,分析了2001—2016年北京及京津冀地区大气污染、能源消耗和城市热力格局之间的关系。结果表明:北京市热岛分布具有显著的地域性,高地表温度与相对较低地表温度集聚与相间分布并存,建成区城市热岛效应明显; 2001—2016年随着城市的快速发展,城区快速向外蔓延,北京城市的热场强度逐年加强,范围逐年向东、向南扩大;热岛高强度范围与NO2高污染区、NOX高排放区有较好的一致性,热岛强度的分布特征有助于大气污染物"热量"网络的规划,卫星热红外遥感可提供必要的技术支撑。  相似文献   

7.
通过对淮阴市城区内大气污染源调查及不同高度主要大气污染指标的监测研究,分析了淮阴市城区大气污染物时空分布的基本趋势。结果表明,市区大气污染与污染源分布及源强呈一定相关性,近地面的大气环境质量劣于高空的大气环境质量,污染物的垂直分布受大气稳定度影响。  相似文献   

8.
随着我国城市化的迅速发展,大气污染问题成为影响人们生活幸福感的重要因素之一。施工、裸露地面等引起的扬尘成为城市大气颗粒物污染的主要来源。将GIS方法和原环保部《扬尘源颗粒物排放清单编制技术指南(试行)》推荐的计算方法相结合,估算出2016—2018年长沙市城区施工扬尘源、土壤扬尘源的颗粒物排放量,从时空分布特征与空间自相关等多个方面剖析了扬尘源的颗粒物排放情况。结果表明:长沙市扬尘源沿中心城区向西、北方向辐射,呈现出半圆环形的带状分布,以城乡接合部最为集中;2016—2018年,长沙市城区扬尘源排放量总体呈现逐年递减的变化趋势。研究结果与长沙市城区实际情况基本相符,可为长沙市扬尘污染控制策略的制定提供参考。  相似文献   

9.
应用数据统计和ArcGIS对北方重工业城市唐山地区2014年14个县(区)18个空气自动监测站的数据进行时空分布特征分析,监测的污染物为PM_(10)、SO_2、NO_2、PM_(2.5)、O_3、CO共6项。利用ArcGIS对各个自动监测站污染物数据建立网格模型,采用反距离权重法分别对年均、采暖期、非采暖期的环境空气质量综合指数和6项污染因子浓度的空间分布进行估算,直观比较了污染物在不同时期内的空间分布状况。结果表明,空气质量时间分布较为明显,非采暖期明显好于采暖期。同时,计算出每个网格单元污染指数的标准偏差,结合气象气候、地形地势、工业发展等情况,分析得出北部山区、市中心区附近区域空气质量波动较大。为区域大气污染有针对性的综合防治、联防联控及污染物区域削减计划打下数据基础。  相似文献   

10.
耦合集成大气污染暴露剂量评估模型和暴露风险评价指数,利用C#、Java语言设计和实现了一套大气污染暴露风险防控预警服务平台。该平台采用GIS与J2EE Web等技术,可在浏览器/服务器(Browser/Server,B/S)架构下实现高分辨率暴露风险时空区划、精准个体大气污染暴露监测、实时公众暴露风险播报、健康出行路径规划等功能,有助于提升公众和政府的大气污染精细防控决策与风险规避能力,将有力推动我国大气污染防控预警管理从以污染物浓度为重心向以暴露风险为重心的转变。  相似文献   

11.
国家环境保护模范城市考核指标体系共28项考核指标(集中供热率仅考核北方城市),其中11项指标以环境监测为基础。环境监测类指标是环保模范城市考核中定量考核的主要方面,也是在创模过程中容易出现问题的方面。笔者根据多年参与环保模范城市考核的体会,提出了各项指标的操作要点。  相似文献   

12.
中国1998年度环境质量状况   总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8  
对我国1998年度的环境空气质量,酸雨,主要流域水质,近岸域海水水质,地下水水位与水质,城市声环境、射环境质量,典型区域生态环境的状况进行了综述了与分析,指出了我国的环境污染问题主要是城市空气污染,地面水体污染和城市噪声污染。  相似文献   

13.
在对饮用水系统适应能力界定的基础上,基于水源地、供水、用水、排污处理和技术5个子系统的适应性要素构建沿江城市饮用水系统适应能力评价指标体系和评价模型,采用分指数与综合指数法评估系统的适应能力水平、存在问题,并据此对江苏省沿江地区城市饮用水系统适应能力分异特征、类型及影响因素进行深入探讨。结果表明,南部环太湖地区城市饮用水系统适应能力高于中部滨江地区,北部地区适应能力最低;从各子系统适应能力得分情况来看,需加大对沿江地区水源地的保护力度,合理规划港口、码头等的布设;加快北部地区供排基础设施的建设,提高风险应急防范能力;南部环湖地区重点开展节水型企业与生态工业园区创建。  相似文献   

14.
Carbon emission reduction in the Chinese cities can make significant contributions to the mission of global emission reduction. Therefore, the promotion of low-carbon cities (LCC) in China is of great importance to achieve this mission. This paper examines the performance of practicing LCC in China by conducting a temporal-spatial evolution analysis on LCC performance. By combining the entropy weight method and the linear weighted sum method, the LCC performance score is calculated to help establish performance grades. The quartile method and the Boston matrix method are used to conduct temporal analysis and spatial analysis respectively. The data employed in this study were collected from 34 cities in China for the period from 2006 to 2018. The findings are as follows: (1) The overall LCC performance in China has been improved in recent years and the implementation of the low carbon pilot project (LCPP) has made contributions to this improvement. (2) The LCC performance of those cities in Southern China is generally better than that in Northern cities. (3) Good LCC performance cities are those economically developed cities, in which the industrial structure is dominated by low carbon industries. This study provides a holistic picture of the LCC practice in China and also provides supportive references for policymakers to make tailor-made measures to improve the LCC performance internationally.  相似文献   

15.
In China, coal combustion is the most important source of atmospheric sulfur pollution. Moss sulfur isotopic signatures have been believed to hold source-specific information that can serve as a fingerprint to identify atmospheric sulfur sources. In cities where only local coals were combusted, we observed a good correspondence of average sulfur isotope ratios in urban mosses (Haplocladium microphyllum) to the values of local coals (δ(coals) = 1.455δ(mosses)- 3.945, R(2) = 0.975, p = 0.01). But if different types of coals were combusted, we did not know whether moss sulfur isotope ratios can indicate mixed coals. To confirm this, using a mixing model we estimated the ratios of imported coal to local coals at cities where both coals were used. We found that the estimated ratios at large cities (>1 million people) where both coals were used were similar to the reported ratios in their respective provinces. For small cities (<0.5 million people) in Jiangxi Province and other provinces, the estimated ratios were higher than the reported ratios because the relatively cheaper local coals were less used in all the small cities except in cities where local coal deposits were found nearby. The comparison results showed that moss sulfur isotope is a useful tool for indicating coal-derived sulfur even in cities where mixed coals were combusted.  相似文献   

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18.
Urban infrastructures commonly include four types of functional infrastructures: traditional infrastructures, greenspace infrastructures, water infrastructures, and connective infrastructures. They work as an integrated system for supporting sustainable urban development. It is therefore important for having a proper method to help understand whether there is a balance between functional urban infrastructures' carrying capacities (FUICC). This paper introduces an alternative model named FUICC Catastrophe Model (FCM) to evaluate the balance of carrying capacity between various urban infrastructures. The development of the model FCM adopts Mean-Variance Analysis (MVA) technique and Catastrophe Progression Method (CPM) collectively. The application of FCM is demonstrated by using the empirical data collected from 35 cities in China. The research findings suggest that: 1) the difference in carrying capacity of each functional infrastructure between the sample cities is significant; 2) the difference in the degree of balance between FUICC is also significant between the sample cities; 3) the sample cities are classified into four categories, namely, acceptably balanced, less balanced, poorly balanced, and unbalanced. 4) the balance performance between FUICC among Chinese cities is characterized with polarization; 5) the balance performance of carrying capacity between functional urban infrastructures is generally poor in China, 40% of the sample cities achieving acceptable performance.  相似文献   

19.
城市土壤Pb污染特征及影响因素分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
以乌鲁木齐市和上海市中心城区为研究区域,按不同功能区对城市土壤采样并进行Pb含量及形态分析,结果表明:两市土壤Pb的平均值含量均超出相应土壤Pb的背景值。上海市土壤Pb的含量远远高于乌鲁木齐市;两市土壤Pb在各功能区的分布均存在明显差异,但两市土壤Pb在功能区的分布规律并不相同;两市土壤Pb的形态分布规律趋于一致,乌鲁木齐市土壤Pb活性要大于上海市。造成上述城市土壤Pb污染特征的影响因素有很多。  相似文献   

20.
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the air of Chinese cities   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were determined in the air of 37 cities and 3 rural locations across China during the winter, spring, summer and autumn of 2005, using polyurethane foam (PUF) disks as passive air samplers (PAS). Winter and autumn concentrations in cities exceeded spring and summer values. Concentrations were amongst the highest in the world; seasonally averaged autumn/winter values in some cities in the north and north-west of China exceeded proposed European Union air quality standards. Several factors, acting in combination, influenced air concentrations. A significant negative correlation was found between average annual city concentrations and the annual average temperature, while winter time PAH concentrations correlated with estimated coal consumption. The highest total PAH concentrations and loadings of high molecular weight compounds generally occurred in major cities located on higher land (500-2000 m), where relatively cold winters and higher coal consumption occurs. Lower values occurred in cities located in the south and east China and along the coastal regions. Molecular markers indicated incomplete combustion of fossil fuels dominated the urban air and gave evidence for photo-decomposition of selected compounds.  相似文献   

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