应用萘乙二胺偶氮比色法监测工业废水中苯胺类化合物的研究

其原理为苯胺类化合物在酸性条件下(pH 1.5～2.0)与亚硝酸盐重氮化,再与盐酸萘乙二胺偶合,生成紫红色染料根据其颜色深浅进行比色定量,波长545nm。废水颜色可采用聚己内酰胺粉末或颗粒进行脱色处理,或用参比去除办法。     

造纸废水中悬浮物的测定方法研究

在测定造纸废水悬浮物的过程中,采用絮凝沉淀法破坏废水中的胶体物质,从而提高抽滤速度,缩短测定时间。达到快速测定造纸废水中悬浮物的目的。     

利用废铁屑和粉煤灰的电化学原理处理印染废水的方法研究

提出一种改进的铁屑法处理印染废水 ,对其机理进行探讨 ,并确定工艺条件为 p H4.0 ,处理时间 3 0 min,铁屑和粉煤灰的投加率分别为 5 %和 6%时 ,CODcr可降至 40 0 mg/L以下 ,去除率达 77%以上 ,脱色率 95 %以上 ,是一种高效可行的印染废水预处理方法     

高锰酸钾脱色降解直接耐酸大红4BS的反应机理研究

以高锰酸钾(KMnO₄)为氧化剂，含有染料直接耐酸大红4BS(以下简称大红4BS)的溶液为模拟废水，研究KMnO₄对大红4BS的脱色机理，分析KMnO₄不同投加量对大红4BS脱色效果的影响。结果表明：当KMnO₄投加量为15 mg/L时，反应1 h脱色率可达95.3%;脱色机理主要是KMnO₄氧化及氧化过程中形成的二氧化锰(MnO₂)对大红4BS吸附的共同作用。     

混凝脱色-CASS技术处理绒线印染废水工程应用

用混凝脱色-CASS技术处理绒线印染废水，有效地解决了废水的脱色和COD的去除问题，处理后的水质达到了纺织染整工业污水排放标准，该技术的应用，取得了较好的环境、社会和经济效益。     

生物絮凝剂在啤酒废水处理中的应用实验

本文用生物絮凝剂处理可生化性的啤酒废水，对生物絮凝剂投加量、生物絮凝剂处理的适宜pH值、温度、金属离子影响等条件进行较系统的研究，绘制出单一因素对生物絮凝剂处理效果影响的曲线，确定生物絮凝剂处理啤酒废水的最适条件．经过5d处理，啤酒废水中COD去除率可达90．53％；污水中氨氮的去除率可达84．08％；絮凝率可达87．56％．     

对染料废水脱色处理的研究

研究以物化处理工艺中的混凝法来处理印染废水,即用高效脱色剂与聚合氯化铝(PAC)和助凝剂聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)混凝来处理,从而考察了PAC的用量、废水的酸碱度和脱色剂的加入量对废水脱色效果的影响,从而得出最佳实验条件.结果表明:在500 mL废水中,当废水酸碱度在7.5~8.5之间,PAC的用量在1.0~1.75 mL之间,高效脱色剂的用量在1.0~1.5 mL之间时,废水脱色效果最好.     

工业废水六价铬测定的前处理方法

工业废水中的六价铬,如用二苯碳酰二肼分光光度法直接显色测定,废水中的色度、有机和无机还原性物质、重金属离子等均干扰测定,为此需对水样进行前处理。 本文针对毛纺废水色度深的特点,采用活性炭脱色,以除去色度和一些有机物的干扰;对电镀、制革等行业的废水,用沉淀分离法将三价铬和六价铬分离后直接显色测定,或再经酸性条件下高锰酸钾氧化,破坏有机和无机还原性物质,过滤后显色测定。以上方法经实测和验证,结果较满意。     

水中阴离子表面活性剂亚甲兰法测定时干扰的研究——(1) 色度影响

本文通过近二十种染料的实验,发现色度对测定有不同影响 不同染料对测定的影响亦不同 为消除色度,进行了脱色剂选择的研究。以NaClO进行了对各种杂料的脱色实验,发现NaClO可以在一定程度上消除色度的干扰。     

工业废水中氨氮测定预处理的新法探讨

针对带色浊度高的工业废水氨氮测定的预处理,提出了使用硫酸铝和聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)复合絮凝沉淀法。试验结果表明,方法不仅具有操作简单,试剂用量少,絮凝效果好,去色、去浊率高(达99.6％),且对pH5～10的各种带色浊度高的废水都能起到良好的效果,并能提高测定的精密度,其变异系数为1.2％～3.6％,回收率为90％～105％,确保了数据的准确和可靠。     

The simultaneous stripping of arsenic and selenium from wastewaters using hollow-fibre supported liquid membranes

The extraction of total arsenic and selenium using hollow-fibre supported liquid membranes (HFSLMs), with specific interest in the optimal conditions for the extraction in wastewater, is reported. The extraction time, type of liquid membrane, sample and donor pH and stirring rate were optimised, and thereafter, the developed method was tested in real wastewater samples. The optimal HFSLMs adopted, after optimisation tests, comprised of Aliquat 336, 0.8 M NaOH, 200 rpm and 80 min as the extractant, stripping phase, stirring rate and reaction time, respectively. The developed method had reasonable-to-high extraction efficiencies in real wastewater samples with the final effluent recording as high as 73 and 78 % removal efficiencies for Se and As, respectively. Considering the initial concentrations found in the samples, use of this developed method could bring down the concentrations to levels admissible by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US-EPA) and World Health Organisation (WHO).     

One independent variable rate equation describing utilization of biodegradable organic matter in activated sludge processes

This investigation aims to represent aerobic utilization of biodegradable organic matter present in wastewater by a rate equation. This rate equation can then be used to develop a substrate utilization (removal) kinetic model for unsteady state activated sludge process. To achieve this objective, theoretical utilization of biodegradable organic matter in batch process and growth pattern theory were studied. Also, experimental data representing removal of organic matter in different types of wastewaters were collected and analyzed for batch and continuous activated sludge assays. A rate equation was proposed to describe the utilization of biodegradable organic matter based on theoretical analysis of batch process. This rate equation was then verified through differential and integral analysis of the experimental data. Furthermore, a substrate kinetic model for batch and continuous processes was developed. The developed rate equation will facilitate the analysis and design of sequencing batch reactor (SBR) technology for biological treatment of wastewater.     

A Computational Fluid Dynamic Model for Prediction of Organic Dyes Adsorption from Aqueous Solutions

Modelling of the removal of synthetic dyes from aqueous solutions by adsorbents is important to develop an appropriate treatment plan using adsorption process. This paper presents a computational fluid dynamic model incorporating the Langmuir isotherm scheme and second-order kinetic expression to describe the adsorption process. The governing equation of the model was numerically solved using PHOENICS software to simulate synthetic dyes adsorption from the aqueous system. The experimental results presented in this study and taken from the literature for the removal of synthetic dyes were compared with those results predicted by the numerical model. The predicted outputs of the model match the experimental measurements satisfactory. A sensitivity analysis of the major parameters that influence the percent of dye removal from solution phase has been carried out. Three of the main parameters taken into account were the kinetic rate constant, amount of dye adsorbed at equilibrium and the Langmuir isotherm constant. It was found that the model is most sensitive to the amount of dye adsorbed at equilibrium. This effect is most obvious at the early stages of the adsorption process when the rate of dye removal is very fast. Quantification of the reaction mechanism allows developing an appropriate remediation strategy based on the adsorption process.     

Wasteload Allocation Using Wastewater Treatment and Flow Augmentation

A Wasteload allocation model, named Cost-Flow-Augmentation Model involving wastewater treatment and flow augmentation as a method of pollution abatement has been developed. The cost functions for wastewater treatment were developed as power functions of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) removal using the regression module of the SPSS10 software. The cost function for flow augmentation was also developed using a regression between cost of dam/barrage and corresponding flow released from upstream reservoir for downstream water quality improvement. The response of wasteloads and flow augmentation on the water quality was quantified in terms of transfer coefficient calculated using the QUAL2E water quality simulation model. The performance of these models is demonstrated on the 22-km-long Delhi stretch of river Yamuna, India. Optimal solutions of the formulated models were obtained using the Web-based interactive non-differentiable interactive multiobjective bundle-based optimization system software. The optimal solutions obtained reveal that flow augmentation is not an economically feasible pollution abatement option for the Delhi stretch of river Yamuna.     

总有机碳的测定及其在染料废水监测中的应用

总有机碳能够完全反映水中有机污染程度,已被许多国家所采用,我国也将它列入“污水综合排放标准”中。文章采用德国耶那仪器有限公司的Multi N/C TOC分析仪,用燃烧氧化-非分散红外吸收法分别测定直接染料、活性染料、分散染料、还原染料废水的TOC,并测定相关废水的COD值。实践证明在同类特定染料废水中,TOC与COD之间具有较好的相关性,因此可用TOC监测染料废水污染程度,该方法快速、简便、准确度高。     

焦化废水生化处理过程中溶解性有机物及毒性变化规律

焦化废水中的溶解性有机物(DOM)作为废水污染物和毒性的主要来源受到广泛关注。厌氧-缺氧-好氧(A-A-O)生物法联合混凝沉淀工艺在焦化废水处理中被广泛应用。于2018年4,7和11月分别采集4座焦化废水处理厂废水,采用光谱学分析手段和水生生物急性毒性试验对A-A-O联合混凝沉淀处理过程中焦化废水的DOM和毒性变化进行分析。结果表明,焦化废水中含有大量不饱和芳香性物质,其中类色氨酸、络氨酸物质占主导,其次为类溶解性微生物代谢产物、类富里酸物质和类腐殖酸类物质;未经处理的焦化废水对藻类和大型溞的急性毒性等级为中毒至高毒。A-A-O联合混凝沉淀处理可去除90%以上的类色氨酸、络氨酸和类富里酸物质,但对类腐殖酸类物质去除率相对较低,仅为约80%,关键去除段为缺氧段和好氧段;该工艺对焦化废水急性毒性削减率为80.51%~94.30%,关键削减段为厌氧段。Pearson相关性分析结果显示,焦化废水溶解性总有机碳(TOC)、类腐殖酸类物质荧光组分C1和类富里酸类物质荧光组分C4与废水急性毒性存在显著正相关关系,可利用其作为水样急性毒性初筛的指示性指标。可为焦化废水生化处理的效能优化和废水毒性控制及安全评估提供科学支撑。     

Respirometric Monitoring for the Determination of Effective Height and Reaction Rate Constant in Up-Flow Autotrophic Denitrification Reactor Packed with Sulfur

A novel technology for the removal of nitrogen from wastewater, autotrophic denitrification process with sulfur particle, has been developed. A respirometer was employed for the monitoring of nitrogen gas produced in the reactor. It was found that the autotrophic denitrification studied by gas production rate and nitrate depletion rate followed a first order reaction from the relationship. The reaction rate constant based on effective volume, k_N was ranged from 2.67 to 3.07 h^–1. The effective height was around 23.8 and 50% of the total height for 11.8 and 5.9 h of packed bed contact time, respectively. It was assumed that the reaction rate constants were similar in each experimental condition, PBCT = 11.9 and 5.9 h because there was little gradient of biomass concentration within 50% of the total height. The respirometry was found to be a simple and fast way to monitor the denitrification process. The method was especially useful for the determination of kinetic parameters.     

气相色谱法测定废水中的茚及芳烃混合物

本文采用气相色谱法，选择中等极性的Ｔｒｉｃｒｅｓｙｌｐｈｏｓｐｈａｔｅ与高沸点的非极性ＡｐｉｅｚｏｎＬ配成混合固定液，测定工业废水中的茚及芳烃混合物。该方法灵敏度高，再现性好，简便快速，适合测定化工、制漆、制茚树脂生产所排放的废水，同时也能检出受苯系物及高沸点的不饱合物萘等多组分污染的水体     

分光光度法测定染色废水的色度

为消除测定染色废水色度的主观误差，采用分光光度法测定染色废水的色度，与稀释倍数法相比，具有精确，重现性好，适用范围广等特点，ＰＨ值对色度的测定有明显影响，控制ＰＨ值为７．６０，测定色度具有可比性。