平台石墨炉原子光谱法测定底质中镉

提出了用平台石墨炉原子吸收法测定底质中镉的方法，以２ｇ／Ｌ ＰｄＣＩ２溶液为基体改进剂，能有效地消除底质样品的基体效应，方法简单。用此方法对底质标准样品和太湖底质进行测定，回收率在９５％～９８％之间，检测限为０．０３μｇ／Ｌ，取得了较满意的结果。     

氢化物发生—原子荧光法测定废水中硒

氢化物发生－原子荧光法测定硒，高含量镍干扰严重。经试验，用柠檬酸作掩蔽剂，在镍含量高达１０００ｍｇ／Ｌ时，对５μｇ／Ｌ硒的测定仍可得到满意结果。     

石墨炉原子吸收分光光度法测定水中铝

采用加入基体改进剂,建立了用石墨炉原子吸收光度法测定铝的新方法,方法线性范围为０μｇ／Ｌ－２０μｇ／Ｌ,检出限０．０４２μｇ／Ｌ,相对标准差１．３％,回收率为９８．３％－１０２．６％。用于监测黑龙江江水中铝,获得了满意结果。     

高效富集—火焰原子吸收光度法测定饮用水中的铅

用高效螯合树脂富集器富集－火焰原子吸收分光光度法可测定自来水中μｇ／Ｌ级的痕量铅,大量共存元素不干扰铅的测定,测定结果令人满意。     

水和废水中酞酸酯类化合物气相色谱分析方法研究

本文采用定容萃取气相色谱法测定水和废水中酞酸酯类化合物，对不同的色谱柱、检测器、萃取溶剂、盐浓度和干扰等因素进行比较。本方法简便、准确，本方法检出限为１０～６０ｍｇ／Ｌ，相对标准偏差小于５６％，线性范围：ＧＣＥＣＤ为１０１０００μｇ／Ｌ，ＧＣＦＩＤ为１０μｇ／Ｌ１０ｍｇ／Ｌ。     

离子色谱法同时测定水中的SeO_3~（2－）和SeO_4~（2－）

用抑制型离子色谱法探讨了ＳｅＯ３（２）和ＳｅＯ４（２－）等七种阴离子的洗脱行为，讨论了共存阴离子的干扰及其消除，建立了测定水中ｓｅＯ３（２－）和ＳｅＯ４（２－）等阴离子的方法．ＳｅＯ３（２－）和ＳｅＯ４（２－）的检测限分别为４０μｇ／Ｌ和５０μｇ／Ｌ．     

自来水中铅和镉的分离富集和原子吸收测定

采用PAN[1-(2-吡啶偶氮)-2-萘酚]—Ni(Ⅱ)共沉淀体系,在pH=10条件下分离富集自来水中的铅和镉,再采用微量注射进样火焰原子吸收法(FAAS)进行测定,水样中的共存离子不干扰测定,加入铅和镉的回收率均在90—106％之间。对铅含量为0.1μg/ml和镉含量为0.05μg/ml的水样进行8次平行测定,其相对标准偏差分别为2.9％和6.4％。溶液中铅的浓度在0—0.4μg/ml,镉的浓度在0—0.2μg/ml范围内,工作曲线呈线性。     

新试剂4－（2－喹啉偶氮）－1，3－二羟萘分光光度法测定水中镉

研究了镉（Ⅱ）与４－（２－喹啉偶氮）－１，３－二羟萘（２－ＱＡＤＶＭ）的显色反应。结果表明：在０．３ｍｎｏｌ／Ｌ氢氧化钠溶液中，当有十二烷基（２－羟乙基）二甲基氯化铵（ＤＥＭＡＣ）存在时，镉（Ⅱ）与２－喹啉偶氮形成１：２橙红色络合物，λ_ｍａｘ为５１０_ｎｍ，摩尔吸光系数ε＝１．２×１０５Ｌ·ｍｏｌ－１·ｃｍ－１，镉的浓度的在０～２０μｇ／（２５ｍＬ）范围内符合比尔定律，用２－喹啉偶氮作显色剂，可直接测定废水中的镉。试样用标准加入法测得回收率为９６％～１０４％，相对标准偏差小于３％，用此法与双硫腙分光光度法对模拟镀镉废水进行了对比试验，其相对误差小于４％。     

用金属涂层石墨管原子吸收法直接测定天然水中痕量锡

本文在研究金属Ta、W、V、Mo、La涂层石墨管对Sn测定灵敏度影响的基础上,选择能提高灵敏度一个数量级的涂La石墨管、在天然水中加入抗坏血酸和(NH_4)_2HPO_4消除共存元素的干扰,直接测定了ppb级含量的Sn。     

石墨炉原子吸民光谱法测定地面水中铝

用石墨炉原子吸收分光光度法,中入基体改进剂技术,建立了测定铝的原子吸收光谱分析的新方法。该方法的线性范围为０－２０μｇ／Ｌ,检出限为０．０４２μｇ／Ｌ,相对标准偏差为１．５１％,回收率为９６．２－１０１．６％。用于监测地面水中铝,获得满意结果。     

我国沙尘暴灾害及其治理对策初步研究

分析研究了沙尘暴的成因、时空分布、发展趋势及造成的灾害，结合国外经验提出了我国治理的对策建议。     

Dissipation and residue of metalaxyl and cymoxanil in pepper and soil

A simple and accurate method of determining metalaxyl and cymoxanil in pepper and soil was developed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography–photodiode array detection. The limits of detection were 0.015 mg/kg for metalaxyl and 0.003 mg/kg for cymoxanil. The limits of quantification were 0.05 mg/kg for metalaxyl in pepper and soil as well as 0.01 mg/kg for cymoxanil in pepper and soil. Recoveries of pepper and soil were investigated at three spiking levels and ranged within 77.52 to 102.05 % for metalaxyl and 87.15 to 103.21 % for cymoxanil, with relative standard deviations below 9.30 %. For field experiments, the half-lives of metalaxyl were 3.2 to 3.9 days in pepper and 4.4 to 9.5 days in soil at the three experimental locations in China. At harvest, pepper samples were found to contain metalaxyl and cymoxanil well below the maximum residue limit MRLs of the European Union (EU) following the recommended dosage and the interval of 21 days after last application.     

Residues and dissipation of trifloxystrobin and its metabolite in tomatoes and soil

A simple residue analytical method using the quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) procedure for the determination of trifloxystrobin and its metabolite trifloxystrobin acid (CGA321113) in tomato and soil was developed using high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). The limits of detection were 0.0005 mg/kg for trifloxystrobin and 0.001 mg/kg for trifloxystrobin acid, respectively. The average recoveries in tomato and soil ranged from 73–99 % for trifloxystrobin and 75–109 % for trifloxystrobin acid, with relative standard deviations below 15 %. The method was then used to study the dissipation and residues in tomato and soil. The dissipation half-lives of trifloxystrobin in tomato were 2.9 days (Beijing) and 5.4 days (Shandong), while in soil were 1.9 days (Beijing) and 3.0 days (Shandong), respectively. The final results showed that the major residue compound was trifloxystrobin in tomato whereas it was its metabolite, trifloxystrobin acid, in soil. The final residues of total trifloxystrobin (including trifloxystrobin acid) were below the EU maximum residue limit of 0.5 mg kg^?1 in tomato 3 days after the treatment.     

Determination and study on dissipation and residue of bismerthiazol and its metabolite in Chinese cabbage and soil

A simple and accurate method for the determination of bismerthiazol and its metabolite 2-amino-5-mercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole was developed in Chinese cabbage and soil by high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection in this study. The limits of detection were 0.06 mg/kg for bismerthiazol and 0.03 mg/kg for 2-amino-5-mercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole, respectively. Recoveries of cabbage and soil were investigated at three spiking levels and were in the range of 84.0–96.0 % for bismerthiazol and 71.0–74.6 % for 2-amino-5-mercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole, with relative standard deviations below 7.0 %. For field experiments, the half-life of bismerthiazol was 2.4–2.5 days in Chinese cabbage and 2.5–4.8 days in soil at the two experimental locations in China. Dissipation residues of 2-amino-5-mercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole were lower than 0.72 mg/kg. Terminal residues of bismerthiazol and its metabolite were less than 3.0 and 0.3 mg/kg in Chinese cabbage, respectively. No bismerthiazol or metabolite residues were detected in soil on days 5, 7, 10, and 14 after the last spraying at the two dosage levels.     

新疆室内环境污染监测和治理工作现状与建议

针对目前室内环境监测工作出现的种种问题，就如何规范的开展室内环境监测工作，更好地为社会提供真实、准确、有效的监测数据，本文提出相关的探讨。     

Lake destratification and speciation of iron and manganese

A long-term study of the effect of artificial aeration (destratification) of a water storage dam upon the speciation of iron and manganese in the dam waters has been undertaken. Separation of dam samples into soluble and insoluble forms by selective membrane filtration was undertaken before using the techniques of EPR spectroscopy, ion chromatography and gel filtration to assess the speciation of soluble species, and selective extraction and surface analysis (ESCA, SIMS and SEM) techniques to determine the speciation of particulate iron and manganese species. The percentages of soluble iron and manganese before (1983–85) and after (1986–88) artificial aeration are compared for the periods Jan–Dec, Jan–Mar, and Jun–Aug at three depths 6 m, 15 m and 0.5 m above the dam base, to assess the importance of seasonal changes in the various depths of the dam. Although aeration had an initial marked reduction in levels of soluble iron and manganese at all depths of the dam, the concentrations of these mtals showed a steady increase over succeeding years. Analysis of the figures over summer and winter periods shows that the reduction of soluble iron was maintained in summer, but not during winter. Upon aeration, the initial reduction of soluble manganese concentration was maintained in succeeding years in the epilimnic regions of the dam, but not in the hypolimnion. Statistical analysis of data has been undertaken to correlate the changes in relationship between the various forms of iron and manganese with the advent of aeration.     

Disembodied and Disembedded? The Social and Economic Implications of Atmospheric Change and Biodiversity

The social and economic implications of atmospheric change on biodiversity need to be seen in a global context of major shifts in the conceptualization and management of our relationship with nature. Traditionally, we have conceptualized the atmosphere and the other creatures of the biosphere as separate from the human, but their quasi-autonomy is now becoming subject to more and more human management. This raises not only economic issues, but social, political, and ethical concerns that will have substantial influence on public policy. Among these are the commodification of genetic material; the privatization of traditional knowledge; and the management of information. In this broader context, the paper examines an array of current and proposed strategies of response to changes in biodiversity as a result of climatic and other stresses.     

Atmospheric Change and Biodiversity: Co-Networks and Networking

Canada responded to the Global Biodiversity Convention by completing the Canadian Biodiversity Strategy in 1995. At the same time, Environment Canada also completed a national Science Assessment on Biodiversity. During this period, the Smithsonian Institution, in partnership with Parks and Environment Canada, initiated the implementation of a global biodiversity monitoring program in Canada. Under the auspices of the United Nations Man and the Biosphere Program, the SI/MAB monitoring protocols and plots have spread across Canada at an unprecedented rate. National champions in the science and educational sectors, working within an inter-disciplinary ecological framework, have guided the development, education, quality control and sharing of atmosphere-biodiversity observations electronically.Atmospheric-Biodiversity Networks and Networking have traditionally operated within separate mandates with little degree of integration. Air-Bio Networks were designed within an integrated framework to better understand the atmospheric stress on biodiversity and the adaptation actions, nationally and regionally. Detailed examples of the cumulative effects of climate change, stratospheric ozone depletion, acid deposition, ground-level ozone, suspended particulate matter and hazardous air pollutants on biodiversity will be discussed using a Southern Ontario case study. In addition, recommendations will be presented for future paired SI/MAB plots, linked networks and networking for adaptation within the context of climate, chemical and ecological gradients.     

太原市冬、夏季醛酮化合物污染特征及来源分析

针对太原市空气臭氧污染较为严重的问题,开展臭氧主要前体物醛酮化合物质量浓度及其变化规律研究.利用2,4-二硝基苯肼固相吸附/高效液相色谱方法,通过对太原市2019年冬季和夏季大气的醛酮化合物进行分析,发现太原市冬季总醛酮化合物的平均质量浓度为13μg/m3,低于夏季的27μg/m3.其中甲醛、乙醛和丙酮质量浓度最高,且...