2-(2-吡啶偶氮)-5-二甲氨基酚固相萃取光度法测定环境样品中钴(Ⅱ)的研究

根据新试剂2-(2-吡啶偶氮)-5-二甲氨基酚(PADMAP)与钴的显色反应及C18固相萃取小柱对显色络合物的固相萃取,建立了一种测定环境样品中痕量钴的新方法,在pH4 0的HAc—NaAc缓冲介质中,溴化十六烷基三甲基铵(CTMAB)存在下,PADMAP与钴反应生成2∶1稳定络合物,该络合物可用C18固相萃取小柱富集,小柱上富集的络合物用乙醇(内含2%乙酸)洗脱后用光度法测定。络合物最大吸收波长为585nm,摩尔吸光系数为1 05×105L·mol-1·cm-1,钴含量在0—1 0mg/L内符合比耳定律。方法用于几种环境样品中钴的分析,结果令人满意。     

2-(2-喹啉偶氮)-4-二乙氨基苯甲酸光度法测定镍的研究

合成了新试剂 2 -( 2 -喹啉偶氮 ) -4 -二乙氨基苯甲酸 ( QADEABA) ,并研究了其与镍的显色反应 ,在 p H=8.0的硼酸 -磷酸二氢钾缓冲介质中 ,吐温 -80存在下 ,QADEABA与镍反应生成 2∶ 1稳定络合物 ,λmax=5 90 nm ,ε=1 .1 8× 1 0 5L· mol-1· cm-1。镍含量在 0～ 0 .4 mg/ L内符合比耳定律 ,方法用于水样中镍含量的测定 ,结果令人满意     

微波消化-固相萃取光度法测定生物样品中铜的研究

根据试剂2-(4-安替比林偶氮)-5-二甲氨基苯氨(ADA)与铜的显色反应及Waters Plus-C1s固相萃取小柱对显色络合物的固相萃取,结合微波消化样品技术,建立了一种测定生物样品中铜含量的新方法.在pH=4.5 HAc-NaAc缓冲介质中,吐温-80存在下,ADA与铜反应生成2:1稳定的红色络合物,该络合物可用Waters Plus-C18固相萃取小柱富集,富集完后小柱上富集的络合物可用乙醇(含1%HAc)洗脱,洗脱液中铜含量在0-1.0 mg/L内符合比耳定律,摩尔吸光系数ε=5.04×104L·mol-1·cm-1.用微波消化样品后,生物样品中铜含量可用该方法测定.     

水样中痕量汞的分光光度法测定

研究了在表面活性剂 Triton X-1 0 0存在下 ,2 ,6—二溴— 4—羧基苯重氮氨基偶氮苯与 Hg2 +的显色反应 ,建立了简便快速测定水样中痕量汞的方法。在 p H为 9.1 0～ 1 0 .2 0时 ,试剂与 Hg2 +形成的配合物的最大吸收峰位于 51 0 nm,Δλ =1 1 0 nm。当汞量在 0～ 1 .0 mg/ L时 ,吸光度与汞量呈线性关系 ,摩尔吸光系数ε=1 .50× 1 0 5 L·mol- 1 · cm- 1 ,并将该法成功地运用于环境水样中汞的测定。     

2-(2''''-喹啉偶氮)-4,5-二甲氧基苯酚的合成及其光度法测定水中的钴

合成了新试剂2-(2'-喹啉偶氮)-4,5-二甲氧基苯酚,研究了其与钴(Ⅱ)的显色反应,在pH=5.5的HAc-NaAc缓冲介质中,在十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTMAB)存在下,2-(2'-喹啉偶氮)-4,5-二甲氧基苯酚与钴生成2∶1稳定的配合物,该配合物λmax=575 nm,摩尔吸光系数ε为2.443×104 L·mol-1·cm-1.钴含量在0～0.4 mg/L内符合比耳定律.新方法用于水样中微量钴的测定,结果满意.     

新试剂P—NPAQ的合成及其与铜的显色反应研究

合成了新试剂5-(4-硝基苯偶氮)-8-氨基喹啉(P-NPAQ),其结构经红外光谱和元素分析证实.研究了P-NPAQ与铜的显色反应及其最佳条件,在Tween60存在下,铜与P-NPAQ在碱性介质中形成1:2的紫红色配合物,其最大吸收峰位于605nm处,摩尔吸光系数ε=5.92 ×10~4l·mol~(-1)·cm~(-1),铜量在0-20μg/25ml范围内符合比尔定律.该方法简便、快速,可不经分离,用于环境样品中铜的测定.     

氯磺酚偶氮硫代若丹宁光度法测定环境水样中的汞

研究了氯磺酚偶氮硫代若丹宁(HSCT)与汞的显色反应。在pH3 8的HAc-NaAc缓冲介质中,TritonX-100存在下,HSCT与汞反应生成2∶1稳定络合物,λmax=550nm,体系ε=8 46×104L·mol-1·cm-1。汞含量在0—1 5mg/L内符合比耳定律。方法可用于水样中痕量汞含量的测定。     

对羧基苯偶氮硫代若丹宁固相萃取光度法测定环境样品中的铅

合成了新试剂对羧基苯偶氮硫代若丹宁(CPATR),并用红外光谱、核磁共振氢谱和元素分析鉴定其结构。研究了CPATR与铅的显色反应,在pH3 8的HAc—NaAc缓冲介质中,吐温-80存在下,CPATR与铅反应生成2∶1稳定络合物,该络合物可被WatersSep-PakC18小柱固相萃取,小柱上富集的络合物用乙醇洗脱后富集倍数可达50倍,在乙醇介质中,λmax=500nm,体系摩尔吸光系数ε=8.01×104L·mol-1·cm-1。铅含量在0 05～4 0mg/L内符合比耳定律。本方法可用于环境样品中铅含量的测定,结果满意。     

α,α''''--连吡啶固相萃取光度法测定饮用水中的铁

研究了α,a'-连吡啶与铁的显色反应,在pH为4.5的盐酸-六次甲基四氨缓冲介质中,α,a'-连吡啶与铁反应生成3:1稳定络合物,该络合物可被C18固相萃取小柱萃取,小柱上富集的络合物用乙醇洗脱后用光度法测定,体系λmax=520nm,ε=8.60×103L·mol-1·cm-1.铁含量在0-5 mg/L内符合比耳定律,方法用于饮用水中铁含量的测定,结果令人满意.     

4,5-二甲基-2-噻唑偶氮重氮氨基偶氮苯固相萃取光度法测定环境样品中锌的研究

研究了新试剂4,5-二甲基-2-噻唑偶氮重氮氨基偶氮苯(DMTDAA)与锌的显色反应,在pH=10的硼砂—氢氧化钠缓冲介质中,TritonX-100存在下,DMTDAA与锌反应生成2∶1稳定络合物,体系最大吸收波长λmax=530nm,摩尔吸光系数ε=1.12×105L.mol-1.cm-1,样品中的锌用强阴离子交换固相萃取柱固相萃取预分离和富集后用该方法测定,结果令人满意。     

我国沙尘暴灾害及其治理对策初步研究

分析研究了沙尘暴的成因、时空分布、发展趋势及造成的灾害，结合国外经验提出了我国治理的对策建议。     

新疆室内环境污染监测和治理工作现状与建议

针对目前室内环境监测工作出现的种种问题，就如何规范的开展室内环境监测工作，更好地为社会提供真实、准确、有效的监测数据，本文提出相关的探讨。     

Disembodied and Disembedded? The Social and Economic Implications of Atmospheric Change and Biodiversity

The social and economic implications of atmospheric change on biodiversity need to be seen in a global context of major shifts in the conceptualization and management of our relationship with nature. Traditionally, we have conceptualized the atmosphere and the other creatures of the biosphere as separate from the human, but their quasi-autonomy is now becoming subject to more and more human management. This raises not only economic issues, but social, political, and ethical concerns that will have substantial influence on public policy. Among these are the commodification of genetic material; the privatization of traditional knowledge; and the management of information. In this broader context, the paper examines an array of current and proposed strategies of response to changes in biodiversity as a result of climatic and other stresses.     

Atmospheric Change and Biodiversity: Co-Networks and Networking

Canada responded to the Global Biodiversity Convention by completing the Canadian Biodiversity Strategy in 1995. At the same time, Environment Canada also completed a national Science Assessment on Biodiversity. During this period, the Smithsonian Institution, in partnership with Parks and Environment Canada, initiated the implementation of a global biodiversity monitoring program in Canada. Under the auspices of the United Nations Man and the Biosphere Program, the SI/MAB monitoring protocols and plots have spread across Canada at an unprecedented rate. National champions in the science and educational sectors, working within an inter-disciplinary ecological framework, have guided the development, education, quality control and sharing of atmosphere-biodiversity observations electronically.Atmospheric-Biodiversity Networks and Networking have traditionally operated within separate mandates with little degree of integration. Air-Bio Networks were designed within an integrated framework to better understand the atmospheric stress on biodiversity and the adaptation actions, nationally and regionally. Detailed examples of the cumulative effects of climate change, stratospheric ozone depletion, acid deposition, ground-level ozone, suspended particulate matter and hazardous air pollutants on biodiversity will be discussed using a Southern Ontario case study. In addition, recommendations will be presented for future paired SI/MAB plots, linked networks and networking for adaptation within the context of climate, chemical and ecological gradients.     

太原市冬、夏季醛酮化合物污染特征及来源分析

针对太原市空气臭氧污染较为严重的问题,开展臭氧主要前体物醛酮化合物质量浓度及其变化规律研究.利用2,4-二硝基苯肼固相吸附/高效液相色谱方法,通过对太原市2019年冬季和夏季大气的醛酮化合物进行分析,发现太原市冬季总醛酮化合物的平均质量浓度为13μg/m3,低于夏季的27μg/m3.其中甲醛、乙醛和丙酮质量浓度最高,且...     

Dissipation and residue of metalaxyl and cymoxanil in pepper and soil

A simple and accurate method of determining metalaxyl and cymoxanil in pepper and soil was developed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography–photodiode array detection. The limits of detection were 0.015 mg/kg for metalaxyl and 0.003 mg/kg for cymoxanil. The limits of quantification were 0.05 mg/kg for metalaxyl in pepper and soil as well as 0.01 mg/kg for cymoxanil in pepper and soil. Recoveries of pepper and soil were investigated at three spiking levels and ranged within 77.52 to 102.05 % for metalaxyl and 87.15 to 103.21 % for cymoxanil, with relative standard deviations below 9.30 %. For field experiments, the half-lives of metalaxyl were 3.2 to 3.9 days in pepper and 4.4 to 9.5 days in soil at the three experimental locations in China. At harvest, pepper samples were found to contain metalaxyl and cymoxanil well below the maximum residue limit MRLs of the European Union (EU) following the recommended dosage and the interval of 21 days after last application.     

废旧干电池的环境污染防治及回收利用

介绍了各种干电池的基本化学组成，分析了废旧干电池污染环境的主要途径及对人类的危害，并就回收利用问题提出建议。     

Residues and dissipation of trifloxystrobin and its metabolite in tomatoes and soil

A simple residue analytical method using the quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) procedure for the determination of trifloxystrobin and its metabolite trifloxystrobin acid (CGA321113) in tomato and soil was developed using high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). The limits of detection were 0.0005 mg/kg for trifloxystrobin and 0.001 mg/kg for trifloxystrobin acid, respectively. The average recoveries in tomato and soil ranged from 73–99 % for trifloxystrobin and 75–109 % for trifloxystrobin acid, with relative standard deviations below 15 %. The method was then used to study the dissipation and residues in tomato and soil. The dissipation half-lives of trifloxystrobin in tomato were 2.9 days (Beijing) and 5.4 days (Shandong), while in soil were 1.9 days (Beijing) and 3.0 days (Shandong), respectively. The final results showed that the major residue compound was trifloxystrobin in tomato whereas it was its metabolite, trifloxystrobin acid, in soil. The final residues of total trifloxystrobin (including trifloxystrobin acid) were below the EU maximum residue limit of 0.5 mg kg^?1 in tomato 3 days after the treatment.     

Determination and study on dissipation and residue of bismerthiazol and its metabolite in Chinese cabbage and soil

A simple and accurate method for the determination of bismerthiazol and its metabolite 2-amino-5-mercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole was developed in Chinese cabbage and soil by high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection in this study. The limits of detection were 0.06 mg/kg for bismerthiazol and 0.03 mg/kg for 2-amino-5-mercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole, respectively. Recoveries of cabbage and soil were investigated at three spiking levels and were in the range of 84.0–96.0 % for bismerthiazol and 71.0–74.6 % for 2-amino-5-mercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole, with relative standard deviations below 7.0 %. For field experiments, the half-life of bismerthiazol was 2.4–2.5 days in Chinese cabbage and 2.5–4.8 days in soil at the two experimental locations in China. Dissipation residues of 2-amino-5-mercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole were lower than 0.72 mg/kg. Terminal residues of bismerthiazol and its metabolite were less than 3.0 and 0.3 mg/kg in Chinese cabbage, respectively. No bismerthiazol or metabolite residues were detected in soil on days 5, 7, 10, and 14 after the last spraying at the two dosage levels.     

高校危险化学品分类分级管理实践与探索

根据国内危险化学品分类与分级管理现状,结合北京大学实验室危险化学品管理工作实际情况,总结了危险化学品源头管控、过程管理、监督检查等方面的分级分类管理策略与方法,介绍了北京大学在实验室安全教育与培训、技防与物防建设、信息化技术运用、奖惩机制建设方面的经验,以期为提升危险化学品管理水平、消除安全隐患、提高高校实验室安全管理质量提供参考。