通过监测浮游植物评价红旗水库水质现状和发展趋势

在“十五”期间通过水质生物学评价指标——浮游植物来评价红旗水库水质的现状，同时通过“九五”和“十五”浮游植物种类和数量的变化及“十五”的5年的变化来分析红旗水库水质的变化发展趋势．通过评价、对比，得出红旗水库水质属于轻污一中污染水体，并有稍微恶化的趋势，但是仍然符合饮用水源地标准.     

“十三五”期间洪泽湖底栖动物多样性调查及趋势分析

基于2015—2020年洪泽湖底栖动物监测数据,利用生物多样性指数模型方法对洪泽湖底栖动物的种类组成及多样性进行分析,并对水质污染状况进行评价,结合广义线性模型方法对洪泽湖生态变化趋势进行预测。结果表明,“十三五”期间洪泽湖底栖动物种类数总体呈上升趋势,生物多样性有所改善,底栖动物优势种均为河蚬。Goodnight-whitely修正指数(GBI)、生物学污染指数(BPI)、生物指数(BI)以及生物耐污敏感性指标指数(BMWP)4种污染状况评价指数对洪泽湖水质评价结果表明,“十三五”期间洪泽湖生态系统状况基本平稳,水质污染状况介于清洁至轻污染之间,龙集镇北的水质状况应引起重视。模型预测结果显示,“十四五”末洪泽湖生物多样性无明显变化,水质持续保持稳定。研究结论可为水生生物多样性保护提供科学依据。     

平顶山市湛河水污染现状及防治对策

以“九五”期间平顶山市湛河水质例行监测结果为依据，分析了湛河水污染现状、特征及原因，并提出综合性湛河污染防治对策。     

“十三五”期间成都市生态环境质量变化趋势

基于“十三五”期间成都市生态环境监测数据，分析了成都市生态环境质量状况及变化趋势，以及存在的主要问题，以期为“十四五”成都市生态环境保护与治理提供参考。结果表明：“十三五”期间，成都市生态环境质量持续改善，空气质量优良天数比例整体呈上升趋势，部分污染物年平均浓度均呈逐年下降趋势；酸雨pH变化幅度较小，但酸雨量减少，酸雨污染减轻；地表水水质明显好转，Ⅰ～Ⅲ类水质比例呈现波动上升趋势，劣Ⅴ类水质比例呈下降趋势，成都市级、县级饮用水水源地水质保持稳定；昼间区域声环境质量、昼间交通道路声环境质量均比较稳定；生态质量为良，农村环境质量、辐射环境质量状况总体良好。但也存在空气中细颗粒物和臭氧污染仍较重，部分地表水断面水质不能稳定达标，乡镇饮用水水源地水质未全部达标，交通噪声与生活噪声影响城市声环境质量等问题，给“十四五”期间成都市生态环境质量改善带来挑战。     

东张水库水环境污染调查

东张水库建于20世纪50年代末,位于福建省福清市西北部、龙江干流中游,总库容2亿m3,流域面积为200km2,集蓄水、灌溉、发电、防洪、水产养殖和城市供水功能于一体,其主导功能是饮用水源。近年来,由于受到水库周边生活和农业污染源以及一些开发活动的影响,库区水体呈重污染趋势,水生生态环境受到破坏。福清市环境监测站于1999年5月—2000年1月对东张水库的水质、水生生物及污染源进行了调查与评价。1　流域污染源调查　　根据水库集水区土地利用和社会经济活动的特点,对东张水库全流域工业、生活、农业、山林山地自然污染源以及入库的主要…     

巢湖流域水质状况与环境目标可达性分析

对巢湖湖区、巢湖环湖河流水质现状及变化趋势进行了调查。结果表明。“九五”以来，巢湖湖区水体以劣Ⅴ类为主；2000年以来，巢湖主要环湖河流中，南淝河、十五里河、派河和双桥河入湖常年水质为劣Ⅴ类，其主要污染物为氨氮。巢湖流域水体污染特征为：城市河段污染较重。点源污染较为集中；面源和生活污染贡献较大；从1998年以来，TP与TN质量浓度值一直处于较高水平。巢湖流域水质环境目标可达性分析表明，巢湖湖区整体上尚不能达到规划的目标。到2005年东半湖能稳定达标。南淝河能否实现达标排放。取决于合肥市的污水处理率及处理效果。十五里河、派河、双桥河水质受点源控制，只要加强管理，可达规划的目标。     

徐州市环境空气质量现状及趋势分析

以2000年徐州市环境空气质量监测结果为依据。分析了徐州市环境空气质量污染现状，污染特征及成因。并利用“九五”期间监测结果对环境空气质量发展趋势进行了分析。     

利用世界银行贷款灌溉农业二期项目江苏省项目区水环境评价

对利用世界银行贷款灌溉农业二期项目(1998年2002年)江苏省项目区的水环境进行了监测与评价。项目实施期间，对地表灌溉用水河段监测结果表明，各监测河段参评指标的单项污染指数及综合污染指数均小于1，地表灌溉水不构成单项指标污染和综合污染，其水质符合农业灌溉用水水质要求；对地表灌溉退水河段监测结果表明，退水河段中仅有部分监测指标比灌溉用水中的相应指标有所升高，但不构成综合污染，退水水质仍能满足其他地区农业灌溉用水水质要求；对地下灌溉水测井的监测结果表明，有个别地下灌溉井单项指标超标，但所测井的综合污染指数均远远小于l，对地下水环境未造成不利影响。     

近五年东海县地表水质量状况及趋势研究

通过对2010—2014年东海县地表水例行监测数据的分析,应用综合污染指数法对其进行评价,并运用秩相关系数法预测其变化趋势。结果表明,2014年东海县地表水整体水质状况良好。2010—2014年,东海县地表水整体水质呈不显著上升趋势,西双湖水库、石安河、龙梁河呈现显著上升趋势,英疃水库水质呈不显著下降趋势。     

2016-2020年珠海市金湾区集中式饮用水水源地环境质量变化特征

根据2016—2020年珠海市金湾区集中式饮用水水源地的监测数据,采用单因子评价法、综合污染指数法和综合营养状态指数法对金湾区黄绿背水库、爱国水库和木头冲水库环境质量变化趋势及特征进行分析评价。结果表明,2016年3个水库的综合污染指数最高,水质最差,超标因子为总磷,除了2016年黄绿背水库超出《地表水环境质量标准》(GB 3838—2002)Ⅲ类标准外,其他年份和其他水库水质均达相应水功能区标准; 2016—2020年3个水库水质总体呈好转趋势,但改善趋势不显著,影响水质的主要因子为溶解氧、总磷、化学需氧量和五日生化需氧量; 3个水库水质的综合营养状态指数在10～24范围内,均处于贫营养状态,未呈现富营养化。     

水环境指示生物筛选及水质评价方法研究

以齐齐哈尔市近30年地表水生物监测数据、理化监测数据为研究依据,提出一套基于指示生物的地表水体评价方法。该方法将地表水体划分为5个级别,并从中筛选出每个级别对应的指示生物,最终建立一套基于指示生物描述水体污染程度的评价体系。该方法以理化指标为基础,筛选多种优势种作为指示生物,对水体进行综合评价。相比单一生物监测评价指标,该评价方法更能反映整个生态系统状况,从而更客观地反映水体真实情况,有望为地表水体污染评价新方法的建立提供参考。     

Possible way to substantial improvement of early warning system in the International Odra (Oder) River Basin

Water ecosystems are threatened by accidental spills of pollution. Rapidity and trueness of information gathering the biological impact of accidental pollution is crucial for the efficiency of the minimisation of possible deterioration of ecosystems and for success in detecting the source of pollution. Due to the randomised occurrence of accidental spills the only way to quickly detect hazardous situations is to perform continuous monitoring of surface water quality. The current situation in the field of early warning in the International Odra (Oder) River basin is not satisfactory. The actual number of monitoring stations and list of routinely continuously monitored parameters are not able to meet the needs of sensitive and rapid detection of biological impact of accidental pollution spills. An effort to change this unfavourable situation was the reason for the offer survey, selection and a model operation of a commercially produced biological monitoring device. This apparatus was located on the border-line profile on the territory of the Czech Republic and represented the first and only one tool of continual biological monitoring of surface water quality in the International Odra (Oder) River Basin. The selected apparatus was the Daphnia Toximeter produced by the firm bbe Moldaenke (Kiel, Germany). This device exploited for rapid detection of changes of biological quality of surface water evaluation of behavioural response of monitoring organisms??daphnids. Five years of model operation proved its suitability for early warning purposes. The apparatus was reliable in function and sensitive enough to detect the deterioration of the biological quality of the river water. The given examples document its applicability not only for detection of accidental spills but also of illegal emissions of pollution, which are very often toxic.     

Integrating sentinel watershed-systems into the monitoring and assessment of Minnesota’s (USA) waters quality

Section 303(d) of the Clean Water Act requires States and Tribes to list waters not meeting water quality standards. A total maximum daily load must be prepared for waters identified as impaired with respect to water quality standards. Historically, the management of pollution in Minnesota has been focused on point-source regulation. Regulatory effort in Minnesota has improved water quality over the last three decades. Non-point source pollution has become the largest driver of conventional 303(d) listings in the 21st century. Conventional pollutants, i.e., organic, sediment and nutrient imbalances can be identified with poor land use management practices. However, the cause and effect relationship can be elusive because of natural watershed-system influences that vary with scale. Elucidation is complex because the current water quality standards in Minnesota were designed to work best with water quality permits to control point sources of pollution. This paper presents a sentinel watershed-systems approach (SWSA) to the monitoring and assessment of Minnesota waterbodies. SWSA integrates physical, chemical, and biological data over space and time using advanced technologies at selected small watersheds across Minnesota to potentially improve understanding of natural and anthropogenic watershed processes and the management of point and non-point sources of pollution. Long-term, state-of-the-art monitoring and assessment is needed to advance and improve water quality standards. Advanced water quality or ecologically-based standards that integrate physical, chemical, and biological numeric criteria offer the potential to better understand, manage, protect, and restore Minnesota’s waterbodies.     

邻苯二甲酸酯在松花江吉林段水体中的分布规律

邻苯二甲酸酯是一类含有苯环的有机污染物,易在生物体内富集,所以开展水体中邻苯二甲酸酯的分布规律研究至关重要。对松花江吉林段2008年3月份不同监测断面的水体进行监测,通过GC-MS定性分析和GC定量分析,确定该江段水体邻苯二甲酸酯类污染物的分布规律、污染状况与污染水平。研究结果表明,松花江吉林段水体中主要的邻苯二甲酸酯类污染物是邻苯二甲酸二丁酯和邻苯二甲酸二辛酯,其分布的总体趋势是更易存在于水相中。     

深圳市南山区大沙河底泥毒物污染特征及对策探讨

运用生物毒性监测方法,对深圳市南山区大沙河底泥毒物污染特征进行了分析。结果表明,大沙河底泥不同程度受到了毒物污染,底泥毒物污染趋势与水体毒物污染趋势基本一致;文章还结合化学监测方法,分析了大沙河底泥毒物主要为有机毒物。此外,就大沙河底泥毒物的治理方法提出了自己的见解。     

阳澄湖浮游植物调查与水质评价

阳澄湖是太湖平原上第三大淡水湖泊和苏州市重要的综合水源.从2004年3-10月对阳澄湖进行了3次浮游植物的调查,共发现浮游植物8门83属211种(包括变种),其中阳澄西湖71属153种、阳澄中湖68属140种、阳澄东湖74属151种.并利用浮游植物的生物学多样性指数对阳澄湖进行了水质评价,该水体整体处于重污染状态,且污...     

A method for screening for the risk of chronic effects of surface water pollution

The article describes a method for screening for the risk of chronic surface water pollution which was developed at the T. G. Masaryk Water Research Institute. The approach, which is based on exotoxicological analyses, can be classed as a rapid method of assessment. The degree of risk of chronic effects surface water pollution is determined from an evaluation of two major parameters—toxicity and genotoxicity. As the method utilizes relative simple procedures for sample collection, pretreatment of the sample, chemical analyses, bioassays and results assessment, this approach is suitable for widespread practical use. Extensive utilization of this approach for assessing river basins in the Czech Republic has proved its suitability for a more sophisticated detection of the biological impact of surface water pollution. This is documented in the article where the method is used in a study of the Bílina River, and in the overview of the results of the risk assessment of chronic effects of surface water pollution in selected sections of three international river basins in the Czech Republic.     

Use of water quality index and multivariate statistical techniques for the assessment of spatial variations in water quality of a small river

Rapid urban development has led to a critical negative impact on water bodies flowing in and around urban areas. In the present study, 25 physiochemical and biological parameters have been studied on water samples collected from the entire section of a small river originating and ending within an urban area. This study envisaged to assess the water quality status of river body and explore probable sources of pollution in the river. Weighted arithmetic water quality index (WQI) was employed to evaluate the water quality status of the river. Multivariate statistical techniques namely cluster analysis (CA) and principal component analysis (PCA) were applied to differentiate the sources of variation in water quality and to determine the cause of pollution in the river. WQI values indicated high pollution levels in the studied water body, rendering it unsuitable for any practical purpose. Cluster analysis results showed that the river samples can be divided into four groups. Use of PCA identified four important factors describing the types of pollution in the river, namely (1) mineral and nutrient pollution, (2) heavy metal pollution, (3) organic pollution, and (4) fecal contamination. The deteriorating water quality of the river was demonstrated to originate from wide sources of anthropogenic activities, especially municipal sewage discharge from unplanned housing areas, wastewater discharge from small industrial units, livestock activities, and indiscriminate dumping of solid wastes in the river. Thus, the present study effectively demonstrates the use of WQI and multivariate statistical techniques for gaining simpler and meaningful information about the water quality of a lotic water body as well as to identify of the pollution sources.     

新疆城市污水处理方式及利用途径初探

奎屯市城市污水的处理现阶段采用一级处理后接生物稳定塘的处理工艺是较为适宜的，但要注意做好污水及处理水的排放监测，加强排水管理，今后要逐步完善为规范的二级处理工艺。对污水处理要制定切实可行的水污染防治规划，不拘泥于现有的排水方案和污水处理厂选址，在污水厂下游建设规范的污水库作为处理水资源化利用的必要措施。我区多数城市水污染防治路线与奎屯市有着相似性，对各城市污水处理方式及利用途径可采用此方法进行深入细致的研究论证，为未来城市污水的有效处理及无害化、资源化利用打下基础。     

松花江流域水生态环境中生物与生境和化学要素间的关联 性研究

利用2012年松花江流域生物、生境和水质的调查数据,采用生物完整性指数(IBI)评价松花江流域的水生态环境质量,并着重对IBI评价结果与生境质量、水质间的关系及生物与生境和化学参数间的相关关系进行了分析。结果表明,松花江流域IBI评价结果与其生境质量存在显著正相关,与水质评价结果基本一致。生境质量及大多数生境参数均与多项生物参数间存在显著/极显著的相关关系;其次,COD、CODMn、BOD5、TN、TP等超标化学因子也与多项生物参数存在显著/极显著的相关关系,说明生境受损和有机污染压力是引起松花江流域水生态环境质量变化的主要压力。为恢复和改善松花江流域的水生态质量,研究建议针对流域生境质量和超标化学污染开展相应的保护和控制措施。