新疆和田地区土壤中天然放射性核素含量水平的调查研究

和田地区土壤中天然放射性核素铀－２３８、钍－２３２、镭－２２６和钾－４０按面积加权的均值（Ｂｑ·ｋｇ－１）依次是３７．５２±８．７３、４０．１５±５．３０、３０．０１±４．６０和５３１．１４±４０．７７，属正常本底辐射水平．铀镭平衡状况富铀。     

新疆环境天然贯穿辐射水平调查研究

报道了1984年～1989年新疆环境天然贯穿辐射剂量的调查方法及其结果.在全区海拔-154～ 5 300(米)的广大区域,布测点 1624个,含25×25(km)网格点740个,各类加密点 884个.结果表明:1.原野γ辐射剂量率的范围值,按网格、面积加权和人口加权的均值,依次分别是(1.17～32.64),5.81、5.76和 5.94(×10~(-8)Gy·h~(-1); 2.道路上γ辐射剂量率按网格的均值为 5.63×10~(-8)Gy·h~(-1);3.建筑物室内γ辐射剂量率按网格和人口加权的均值分别是9.92和 9.86(×10~(-8)Gy·h~(-1));4.宇宙射线电离成分所致空气吸收剂量率按网格和人口加权的均值,室外分别是4.40和 4.01(×10~(-8)Gy·h~(-1)).室内分别是3.90和3.55(×10~(-8)Gy·h~(-1));5.天然贯穿辐射剂量率(不包括中子成分)按网格和人口加权均值,室外分别是10.22和 9.77(×10~(-8)Gy·h~(-1))室内分别是13.82和13.42 (×10~(-8)Gy·h~(-1));6.天然贯穿辐射所致全区居民人均年有效剂量当量为857μSv.其中γ辐射和宇宙射线所致分别为535和 322μSv;所致居民年集体有效剂量当量为 11 207man·Sv;7.新疆属正常本底辐射水平地区,但局部区域原野γ辐射剂量率偏高(20～30×10~(-8)Gy·h~(-1)).     

哈密地区环境中^220Rn子体α潜能浓度所致居民剂量估算

用ＳｔｒａｎｄｅｎＥ．推荐的测量方法对哈密地区环境空气中２２０Ｒｎ子体α潜能浓度测量结果表明，室内、外平均值分别为５６．１和１０．２（×１０－７Ｊ·ｍ－３）。室内外２２０Ｒｎ／２２２Ｒｎ子体α潜能浓度比值分别为０．８４和０３２。２２０Ｒｎ子体所致居民有效剂量当量为２２８μＳｖ·ａ－１（集体有效剂量当量为０．９×０２ｍａｎ·Ｓｖ）。     

哈密地区环境中氡及其子体浓度所致居民剂量评价

用双滤膜法和Ｔｈｏｍａｓ三段法测定了哈密地区环境空气中氡及其子体浓度．结果表明，室内氡及其子体浓度平均值分别为２８．ＯＢｑ·ｍ－３和７．５×１０－８Ｊ·ｍ－３，室外氡及其子体浓度平均值分别为１０．７Ｂｑ·ｍ－３和３．１×１０－３Ｊ·ｍ－３．氡及其子体所致居民人均有效剂量当量为１．０３ｍＳｖ·ａ－１，集体有效剂量当量为４．２×１０２ｍａｎ·Ｓｖ．     

测定水中亚硝酸盐氮絮凝方法的改进

测定水中亚硝酸盐氮絮凝方法的改进赵敏（深圳市宝安区环境保护局５１８１０１）根据《水和废水监测分析方法》，水中亚硝酸盐氮的测定采用Ｎ－（１－萘基）－乙二胺光度法，方法原理是：在磷酸介质中，ｐＨ＝１．８±０．３时，亚硝酸盐与对氨基苯磺酰胺反应，生成重氮盐...     

5－Cl－PADAB－SDS分光光度法连续测定血清及废水中的铜和铁

在十二烷基硫酸钠，氟化钠和盐酸羟胺存在下，ＰＨ＝５．２～７醋酸－醋酸钠缓冲溶液中，Ｃｕ（Ⅱ），Ｆｅ（Ⅱ）分别与５－ＣＩ－ＰＡＤＡＢ形成紫红色络合物。选择测定波长为５３０ｎｍ，铜和铁的摩尔吸光系数分别为５２×１０４Ｌ·ｍｏｌ－１·ｃｍ－１，６０×１０４Ｌ·ｍｏｌ－１·Ｃｍ－１．铜和铁分别在０～１２ｕｇ／１０ｍｌ和０～１０ｕｇ／１０ｍ１范围内符合比尔定律。选用了硫代硫酸钠－硫脲褪色液和ＥＤＴＡ掩蔽剂，直接用于血清及水中铜和铁的连续测定，结果满意。     

利用巯基棉富集分离，鲁米诺－双氧水－铬（Ⅲ）化学发光体系监测环境水样中痕量价态砷

用鲁米诺双氧水铬（Ⅲ）化学发光体系结合巯基棉对Ａｓ（Ⅲ）的分离，建立了快速简单的测定水样中痕量价态砷的新方法，检测范围宽（１０×１０－１０－１０×１０－５ｇ／ｍｌ），检出限为６０×１０－１２ｇ／ｍｌ。     

碘淀粉比色法测定环境样中微量碘

试验了碘的倍增反应用于微量碘的测定，用淀粉指示剂显色，最大吸收峰位于６２０ｍｍ，摩尔吸光系数可达１×１０５Ｌ·ｍｏｌ－１·Ｃｍ－１．０～６μｇ碘／１０ｍｌ符合比耳定律，可用于盐湖水、矿泉水、油田水和食盐、海产品中微量碘的测定．     

新试剂4－（2－喹啉偶氮）－1，3－二羟萘分光光度法测定水中镉

研究了镉（Ⅱ）与４－（２－喹啉偶氮）－１，３－二羟萘（２－ＱＡＤＶＭ）的显色反应。结果表明：在０．３ｍｎｏｌ／Ｌ氢氧化钠溶液中，当有十二烷基（２－羟乙基）二甲基氯化铵（ＤＥＭＡＣ）存在时，镉（Ⅱ）与２－喹啉偶氮形成１：２橙红色络合物，λ_ｍａｘ为５１０_ｎｍ，摩尔吸光系数ε＝１．２×１０５Ｌ·ｍｏｌ－１·ｃｍ－１，镉的浓度的在０～２０μｇ／（２５ｍＬ）范围内符合比尔定律，用２－喹啉偶氮作显色剂，可直接测定废水中的镉。试样用标准加入法测得回收率为９６％～１０４％，相对标准偏差小于３％，用此法与双硫腙分光光度法对模拟镀镉废水进行了对比试验，其相对误差小于４％。     

二安替比林─（2，4─二羟基）苯基甲烷光度法测定铬（Ⅵ）

合成了二安替比林基─（２，４─二羟基）苯基甲烷（ＤＡＤＨＭ）．在Ｍｎ（Ⅱ）和吐温─２０存在下．Ｃｒ（Ⅵ）与ＤＡＤＨＭ反应生成有色化合物．λｍａｘ为４６０ｎｍ，ε＝１．１×１０５Ｌ·ｍｏｌ－１·ｃｍ－１，Ｃｒ（Ⅵ１）量在０～１０μｇ／２５ｍｌ范围内符合比耳定律。该体系灵敏度较高，选择性较好．用于水和废水中微量铬（Ⅵ）的测定，结果满意。     

双波长胶体光度法测定天然水锌

根据胶体光学吸收行为研究Zn~(2+)-S~(2-)胶体反应测定Zn~(2-)双波长新光度分析方法。该方法简单方便、曲线稳定、精密度(RSD)<3％,加标回收率为93％～103％,检出限:0.3mg/L.适合于0～10.0μg/ml天然水测定。     

新疆天池风景名胜区自然社会环境特征

在天池区自然社会环境因素分析研究的基础上，总结了天池地区自然社会环境特征。     

用热释光剂量计对哈密地区环境天然贯穿辐射水平调查

用国产ETLD-80型热释光环境剂量计调查了哈密地区环境天然贯穿辐射水平.结果表明,哈密地区室外、室内宇宙射线电离辐射空气吸收剂量率分别为(3.7±0.3 )、(3.3±0.3)×10~(-8)Gy/h,人口加权平均值分别为3.2和2.8×10~(-8)Gy/h.地球γ辐射空气吸收剂量率分别为(5.8±0.9)、(7.7±1.2)×10~(-8)Gy/h,人口加权平均值分别为5.0和6.6×10~(-8)Gy/h.天然贯穿辐射所致居民有效剂量当量为71.7μSv/a(宇宙辐射298μSv/a,地球γ辐射419μSv/a).     

21世纪人口与资源环境可持续发展的概念和理论(待续)

论述了可持续发展概念的由来,从４个方面对可持续发展的理论进行了详细研究。指出可持续发展概念最本质的创新是改变过去人与自然的对立关系为和谐关系,中国将人口科学研究与可持续发展结合起来是跨世纪的国略。研究指出可持续发展的条件,揭示了人口、环境与发展变得和谐的现实可能性;判断可持续发展水平的高低,可由５个基本要素衡量,其社会应具备５个特征,以朝着更加均衡、和谐、互补的方向进化;指出可持续发展的中心矛盾是持续圈与行为圈的关系问题。     

乌鲁木齐市水体中天然放射性水平初探

本文报道了乌鲁木齐市水体中天然放射性水平的初步调查结果.天然放射性核素含量属正常本底水平,从辐射卫生安全角度来看,人对水的利用是安全的.     

Major Ionic Composition of Aerosol, Rainwater and its Impact on Surface and Sub-surface Waters, in and Around Mangalore, West Coast of India

Mining activities in Rakha copper mine (Jharkhand, India) were ceased in the year 2001, leaving a huge amount of untreated tailings in the nearby tailings pond. The copper tailings contained high concentrations of heavy metals (total Cu, Ni concentrations 1779, 564 mgkg⁻¹, respectively), and low contents of major nutrient elements and organic matter. Tailings are often very unstable, and a potential vegetation cover may reduce the erosion or immobilize the toxicants to surrounding environment by phytostabilization. However, high shoot concentrations of elements might disperse them and could be harmful to grazing animals. The objective of this study was to find out which of the three properties; low-accumulation, root accumulation or shoot accumulation of elements (Cu, Ni, Mn, Zn, Pb, Cd and Co), occur in the semi aquatic species Ammania baccifera growing on copper tailings. Roots of this species accumulated high levels of Cu, even more than 1000 mg kg⁻¹, DW. Metals accumulated by A. baccifera were mostly distributed in root tissues, suggesting that an exclusion strategy for metal tolerance widely exists in them. Thus, establishment of such plant on copper tailings can be a safe method to stabilize the metals.     

Bioaccumulation and translocation of metals in the natural vegetation growing on fly ash lagoons: a field study from Santaldih thermal power plant, West Bengal, India

A field study was conducted in the fly ash lagoons of Santandih Thermal Power Plant located in West Bengal (India) to find out total, EDTA and DTPA extractable metals in fly ash and their bioaccumulation in root and shoot portion of the naturally growing vegetation. Fly ash sample has alkaline pH and low conductivity. The concentration of total Cu, Zn, Pb and Ni were found higher than weathered fly ash and natural soil, where as Co, Cd and Cr were found traces. Five dominant vegetation namely, Typha latifolia, Fimbristylis dichotoma, Amaranthus defluxes, Saccharum spontaenum and Cynodon dactylon were collected in the winter months (November–December). Bioaccumulation of metals in root and shoot portions were found varied significantly among the species, but all concentration were found within toxic limits. Correlation between total, DTPA and EDTA extractable metals viz. root and shoot metals concentration were studied. Translocation factor (TF) for Cu, Zn and Ni were found less than unity, indicates that these metals are immobilized in the root part of the plants. Metals like Mn have TF greater than unity. The study infers that natural vegetation removed Mn by phytoextraction mechanisms (TF > 1), while other metals like Zn, Cu, Pb and Ni were removed by rhizofiltration mechanisms (TF < 1). The field study revealed that T. latifolia and S. spontaenum plants could be used for bioremediation of fly ash lagoon.     

流动注射分光光度法测定天然水中亚硝酸根

采用流动注射分析技术，以N-(1-萘基)乙二胺为显色剂在540nm比色，建立了流动注射分光光度法测定亚硝酸根含量的方法。在30个／h样分析速度下，检测限为0．008mg／L。用于天然水样测定，结果令人满意。     

On Limits to the Use of Linear Markov Strategies in Common Property Natural Resource Games

We derive conditions that must be satisfied by the primitives of the problem in order for an equilibrium in linear Markov strategies to exist in some common property natural resource differential games. These conditions impose restrictions on the admissible form of the natural growth function, given a benefit function, or on the admissible form of the benefit function, given a natural growth function.