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1.
抑制型电导-离子色谱法测定水中无机阴离子   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
采用抑制型电导-离子色谱法测定生活饮用水、污水和地表水中F-、Cl-、NO2-、Br-、NO3-、PO43-、SO42-等7种无机阴离子,对清洁水样过滤后直接测定,浑浊样品离心后取上清液过滤测定。F-在0.100 mg/L~1.20 mg/L范围内、其余6种阴离子在1.00 mg/L~12.0 mg/L范围内线性良好,方法检出限为0.031 mg/L~0.47 mg/L,水样平行测定的RSD为0.9%~1.8%,加标回收率为82.6%~110%。  相似文献   

2.
7—碘—8—羟基喹啉—5—磺酸荧光分光光度法测定水中铝   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
研究了7-碘-8-羟基喹啉5-磺酸(H2QSI)-十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTMAB)荧光分光光度法测定水中铝,确定了反应适宜的条件,于pH 5.0-5.5的乙酸-乙酸钠缓冲液中,在CTMAB存在下,铝与H2QSI形成1:2的配合物。配合物激发波长为389 nm,发射波长为499 nm,在0.01-0.3 mg/L范围,荧光强度与铝浓度呈良好线性关系(γ=0.9993)。检测限0.009 mg/L,平均回收率95.5%。  相似文献   

3.
2018年夏季上海合作组织成员国元首理事会环境空气质量保障工作开始前,中国监测总站对山东、江苏2个省份19个城市共计85个国控站点开展O3专项质控工作。结果表明,保障区域O3监测数据低、中、高浓度点相对误差变异系数分别为4. 7%、4. 3%和4. 8%,95%预测区间分别为[-7. 4%,9. 0%]、[-6. 9%,8. 3%]和[-8. 0%,8. 4%]。与之相比,2018年全国范围内开展外部比对的1 346个国控站点O3监测数据低、中、高浓度点相对误差变异系数分别为7. 4%、6. 5%和6. 2%,95%预测区间分别为[-13. 1%,15. 4%]、[-11. 7%,13. 2%]和[-11. 6%,12. 2%]。通过专项质控工作,保障区域O3监测数据质量明显提升,能够为夏季重大活动保障提供更为准确、可比的O3监测数据支持。  相似文献   

4.
燃煤电厂烟气降温过程中多环芳烃分布特征   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
分别以燃用褐煤与烟煤无烟煤的2个电厂为例,研究2个电厂烟气降温过程中多环芳烃的分布及转化特征。研究表明,萘、菲、苯并[a]蒽和苯并[a]芘4种多环芳烃在烟气降温过程中呈过渡分子状态,在适当的条件下,存在相互转化的可能性;萘、菲、苯并[a]蒽和苯并[a]芘在不同的电厂随飞灰粒径变化所表现出来的吸附特性不同,颗粒的粒度影响多环芳烃的形成与吸附。在烟气降温过程中飞灰表面吸附的萘、菲、苯并[a]蒽和苯并[a]芘含量随着飞灰粒径的变小呈现出逐渐增加的趋势。  相似文献   

5.
对昆山市区域7个点位夏秋季的5中水溶性无机阴离子(SO2-4、NO-3、NO-2、Cl-、F-)的污染特征进行了调查,结果表明,昆山市夏季大气PM2.5中5种离子平均值排序为:ρ(SO2-4)ρ(Cl-)ρ(NO-3)ρ(F-)ρ(NO-2);秋季平均值排序为:ρ(SO2-4)ρ(NO-3)ρ(Cl-)ρ(F-)ρ(NO-2)。SO2-4、NO-3和Cl-3者的总量在PM2.5中占比20%。除F-以外各区域离子的平均值秋季比夏季要高。ρ(NO-3)/ρ(SO2-4)表明,固定污染源在昆山市大气颗粒物污染中仍然占很大比重,但大部分测点的比值接近1,说明移动源也是昆山大气颗粒物的重要污染源。  相似文献   

6.
研究了 F- 与茜素磺酸锆的褪色反应条件 ,建立了一种负吸光度法测定微量氟化物的新方法 ,F- 量在 0~ 1 5μg/2 5 ml范围内与负吸光度值呈线性关系 ,方法已用于环境水中微量氟的测定 ,RSD为 0 .2 5 %~ 4 .2 % ( n=5 ) ,回收率为93.1 %~ 1 0 2 .0 %。  相似文献   

7.
研究了新显色剂 2 - [3- (5 -硝基苯并异噻唑 )偶氮 ]- 6 -异丙基苯酚 (5NO2 -BPAIP)与铜的显色反应 ,在pH为 7 5的氯化铵一氨水体系中 ,显色反应灵敏 ,配合物的最大吸收波长为 6 40nm ,摩尔吸光系数为 2 83× 10 5。铜含量在 0 μg/ 5 0mL~ 13 0 μg/ 5 0mL范围内符合比尔定律 ,方法简便、快速、选择性好 ,是目前光度法测铜的最灵敏的方法之一 ,用于作物中测定痕量铜 ,结果令人较为满意。  相似文献   

8.
离心法去除地表水中浊度对总磷测定的影响   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
用过硫酸钾-钼锑抗分光光度法测定地表水中总磷时,水样浑浊对测定有严重的影响。一般采用浊度-色度补偿法[1]或消解液过滤法[2]以消除浊度对测定的干扰,但这两法都有不足之处。今采用离心法来消除浊度取得了很好的效果。1 试验11 主要仪器和试剂LXJ-Ⅱ型离心机;其他仪器及试剂同文献[1]。12 测定水样消解,均按文献[1]有关内容进行。消解液过滤法:用中速滤纸将消解液滤入50mL比色管中,再用水洗烧瓶及滤纸,一起并入比色管中,加水至刻度,显色步骤同文献[1]。离心法:先定容至50mL,分别加入抗坏血酸溶液1mL和钼酸盐溶液2mL[1],显色…  相似文献   

9.
提出了测定天然水中微量低分子质量硫醇的灵敏、可靠方法,即采用7-氟苯并-2-氧-1,3-二唑-4-磺酸铵盐(SBDF)柱前衍生化、逆相高效液相色谱分离和荧光检测技术。文中详细研究了一些洗脱条件,如流动相的组成、pH值和洗脱模式对色谱保留行为的影响,从而获得了最佳的洗脱条件。对于被研究的5种低分子质量硫醇,获得了其浓度在25~250nmol/L范围内的标准曲线和测定限。本方法成功地测定了湖泊沉积物间隙水中的微量硫醇。  相似文献   

10.
本文提出了一种应用N—羟基—N.N′——二苯基苄脒(HOA)和N—芳基—乙酰胺(HL)选择萃取分光光度法测定煤灰、煤屑、水泥屑和工业废水小微克量Cr(VI)的新方法.此方法基于在盐酸溶液(0.3—0.6mol/l HCl)中氯仿萃取配合物[CrO_2·(OA)_2]2HL.对于氯仿中三种不同酰胺的[CrO_2·(OA)_2]的配合物的摩尔吸光系数范围为(1.1~1.3)×10~4l·mole~(-1)·cm~(-1).本文选以最简单的酰胺N—苯基乙酰胺(PAA)做了详细地研究.该方法Cr(Ⅵ)的检测限为0.01mg/l.在检出Cr(Ⅵ)的不同环境试样中此方法的相对标准偏差范围为±0.8~1.3%.做干扰离子对测定Cr(Ⅵ)影响的试验.发现除Mn(Ⅶ)外大多数常见金属对测定均无干扰.  相似文献   

11.
Measurement of gross α, gross β activities and cosmogenic beryllium-7 (7Be) concentrations were made both daily and weekly during the years 2001–2004 from samples of atmospheric aerosols filtered from the air at Tehran Nuclear Research Center (35 41′ N) and Zahedan (28 29′ N). Weekly aerosol samples collected with the high-volume air samplers on cellulose filters were used to determine the 7Be contents of samples, using a semiconductor gamma spectrometer. Airborne dust samples were collected daily on fiber glass filters and used to determine the gross β and gross α activities with automatic beta analyzer and a ZnS(Ag) counter, respectively. In this work, the concentration and meteorological data were used to determine models for gross α, gross β and 7Be. The air concentrations of gross β and gross α activities and 7Be concentrations displayed lognormal distributions during the study period. Both β and 7Be have maximum activity concentrations during warm mid-year months.  相似文献   

12.
A hundred Enterococcus strains were isolated from seawater samples collected from coastal areas of Istanbul. Isolates were identified to the species level using standard biochemical tests specified by Facklam and Collins. The species distribution was as follows Enterococcus faecalis (96%), Enterococcus gallinarum (3%) and Enterococcus solitarius (1%). The resistance of bacteria to both heavy metals (zinc [Zn], iron [Fe], cadmium [Cd], chrome [Cr], cobalt [Co]) and antibiotics (ampicillin 10 μg [AP], penicillin G 10 Units [PG], gentamycin 10 μg [GM], streptomycin 10 μg [S], chloramphenicol 10 μg [C], erythromycin 15 μg [E], kanamycin 30 μg [K], amikacin 30 μg [AK], nalidixic acid 30 μg [NA], and vancomycin 30 μg [VA]) was evaluated. None of the strains was resistant to VA. It was found that among the 100 isolates, those that exhibit resistance to antibiotics, particularly NA, S and K, were also resistant all the heavy metals tested. To our knowledge this is the first report focusing on determination of resistance of environmental enterococci found in Istanbul against heavy metals and antibiotics. Thus, combined expressions of antibiotic and heavy metal resistance may help to reinforce ecological and epidemiological studies and to determine the role of these strains in antibiotic and heavy metal resistance dissemination.  相似文献   

13.
2011年4月通过GC-MS检测和210Pb测年对灌河口海域沉积物(GHES)中的PAHs进行了分析,柱状沉积物中21种PAHs总浓度为21.0~209.0 ng/g,均值为88.1 ng/g,7种致癌PAHs浓度为7.0~90.0 ng/g,其中致癌剂苯并[a]芘浓度为ND~2.0 ng/g。PAHs浓度与沉积物中有机质含量呈低度正相关,与p H无明显相关性。源解析表明,近50年来GHES中的PAHs大部分来自煤和生物质燃烧。近50年来,总PAHs和16种优控PAHs浓度在波动中升高;近年来苊、苊烯、苯并[b]荧蒽、荧蒽、茚并[1,2,3-cd]芘的浓度增高,需查明来源。生态风险评价表明,GHES中以芴为主的负面生物毒性效应会偶尔发生。芴、苯并[b]荧蒽、苯并[k]荧蒽的浓度介于临界与偶然效应浓度值之间,应尽量减少对该海域沉积物的搅动,防止污染物再悬浮导致水体的二次污染。  相似文献   

14.
高氯离子废水COD的吸收测定方法研究   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
本法基于可定星测定K2Cr2O7和Cl-的反应产物Cl2这一原理,在用吸收装置吸收Cl2后.用碘量法测定余氯,从而消除氯离子的干扰。本法具有较高的准确度和精密度。  相似文献   

15.
Daytime and nighttime PM(2.5) samples were collected between August 5 and 16, 2009 and between January 24 and February 4, 2010 in an industrial complex site (site A) and an electronic waste recycling site (site B) to determine the seasonal and diurnal variations of 19 individual polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) with molecular weight 302 (MW302) including four highly carcinogenic dibenzopyrene (DBP) isomers dibenzo[a,l]pyrene (DBalP), dibenzo[a,e]pyrene (DBaeP), dibenzo[a,i]pyrene (DBaiP), and dibenzo[a,h]pyrene (DBahP). This is the first report on DBP isomers in air particles from South China. The total concentration of PAH MW302 isomers ranged from 1.65 to 3.60 ng m(-3) in summer and 3.82 to 9.81 ng m(-3) in winter. The strongest peaks in the chromatograms of the MW302 isomers were naphtha[2,1-a]pyrene (N21aP), dibenzo[j,l]fluoranthene (DBjlF), naphtha[1,2-b]fluoranthene (N12bF), naphtha[1,2-k]fluoranthene (N12kF) and dibenzo[a,e]fluoranthene (DBaeF), constituting 52.0 to 55.4% of the total MW302 isomers. All the MW302 isomers showed notable seasonal variations. Most of the MW302 isomers in site B showed distinctive diurnal variations with higher concentrations occurring in the night. Taking into account both concentration and potency equivalence factors (PEFs), the strongest carcinogen in the analyzed samples was DBaiP, and the ratios of sum carcinogenic potency of four highly carcinogenic DBP isomers to benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) was about 0.94 in winter to 1.89 in summer, indicating the importance of DBP isomers for the risk assessment. Health risk assessment indicated that on average, 1 in 100 000 residents in the two industrial sites may have an increased risk of cancer due to PAH exposure.  相似文献   

16.
An experiment was carried out to determine the acute toxicity and bioconcentration factor of Xinjunan in zebrafish under semi-static test method. The result of the 96-h LC(50) values (0.31 mg/L), at 95% confidence limit, revealed that Xinjunan was highly toxic. Bioconcentration factor after 8 days exposure, 451.0 and 273.2, respectively, at two concentrations, were at medium bioconcentration range. To determine Xinjunan residues in water and fish, a method was developed by using a liquid-liquid distribution and a cationic exchange solid-phase extraction method to extract and clean up Xinjunan in fish, and then using a weak cationic exchange column with gradient elution and second-order mass spectrometry with selected reaction monitoring mode detection. This method found a good linear relationship (r > 0.99), the lowest limit of quantification with a signal-to-noise ratio of 10:1 was 0.02 [Formula: see text]g/L in water and 5 [Formula: see text]g/kg in fish, the recovery ranged from 97% to 109% for water and fish at different levels with a coefficient of variation less than 5%. The accuracy, precision, and lowest limit of detection of the method used for residue analysis of Xinjunan in water and fish can meet environmental exposure monitoring requirements. The results of the acute toxicity and bioconcentration provide a basis for environmental risk analysis of Xinjunan.  相似文献   

17.
A biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) biosensor for effective and expeditious BOD(7) estimations was constructed and the non-steady phase of the output signal was extensively studied. The modelling approach introduced allows response curve reconstruction and a curve fitting procedure of good quality, resulting in parameters indicating the relationship between response and organic substrate concentration and stability properties of the BOD biosensor. Also, the immobilization matrixes of different thicknesses were characterized to determine their suitability for bio-sensing measurements in non-stationary conditions, as well as for the determination of the mechanical durability of the BOD biosensor in time. The non-steady response of the experimental output of the BOD biosensor was fitted according to the developed model that enables to determine the stability of the biosensor output and dependency on biodegradable organic substrate concentration. The calibration range of the studied BOD biosensor in OECD synthetic wastewater was 15-110 mg O(2) L(-1). Repeatability tests showed relative standard deviation (RSD) values of 2.8% and 5.8% for the parameter τ(d), characterizing the transient output of the amperometric oxygen sensor in time, and τ(s), describing the dependency of the transient response of the BOD biosensor on organic substrate concentration, respectively. BOD biosensor experiments for the evaluation of the biochemical oxygen demand of easily degradable and refractory municipal wastewater showed good concurrence with traditional BOD(7) analysis.  相似文献   

18.
Palaemonetes australis is a euryhaline shrimp found in southwestern Australian estuaries. To determine if P. australis is a suitable bioindicator species for monitoring the health of estuarine biota, they were exposed to measured concentrations of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) at 0.01, 0.1, or 1?ppm for 14?days under laboratory conditions. At the end of exposure the shrimp were sacrificed for biomarker [ethoxycoumarin O-deethylase (ECOD), 8-oxo-dG concentration, and sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH) activity] analyses. Gender did not appear to influence biomarker responses of the shrimp in this study. ECOD activity was induced in the treatment groups in a linear fashion from three (0.01?ppm) times to 12 (1?ppm) times the negative controls. 8-oxo-dG concentration was reduced three times in treatment groups below the controls suggesting impaired DNA repair pathways. There was no increase in SDH, signifying hepatopancreatic cell damage had not occurred in any treatment group. The response of P. australis to B[a]P exposure indicates that this crustacean is suitable bioindicator species for both laboratory studies and field monitoring. A combination of ECOD and SDH activities and 8-oxo-dG concentration represent a suitable suite of biomarkers for environmental monitoring of the sublethal effects of organic pollution to crustaceans from an estuarine environment.  相似文献   

19.
The purpose of this study was to determine the degree of contamination with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in samples of urban soil from three European cities: Glasgow (UK), Torino (Italy) and Ljubljana (Slovenia). Fifteen PAHs (naphthalene, acenaphthene, fluorene, phenanthrene, anthracene, fluoranthene, pyrene, benzo[a]anthracene, chrysene, benzo[b]fluoranthene, benzo[k]fluoranthene, benzo[a]pyrene, dibenzo[a,h]anthracene, benzo[g,h,i]perylene, indeno[1,2,3-c,d]pyrene) were measured in urban soil samples, using harmonised sampling, sample extraction and analyte quantification methods. Although the mean concentration of each PAH in urban soils of each city showed a wide range of values, high levels of contamination were only evident in Glasgow, where the sum of concentrations of 15 PAHs was in the range 1487-51,822 microg kg(-1), cf. ranges in the other two cities were about ten-fold lower (89.5-4488 microg kg(-1)). The three predominant PAHs were phenanthrene, fluoranthene and pyrene, with the sum of these compounds about 40% of the total PAH content. These data, together with some special molecular indices based on ratios of selected PAHs, suggest pyrogenic origins, especially motor vehicle exhausts, to be the major sources of PAHs in urban soils of the three cities. The largest concentrations for PAHs were often found in sites close to the historic quarters of the cities. Overall, the different climatic conditions, the organic carbon contents of soil, and the source apportionment were the dominant factors affecting accumulation of PAHs in soil.  相似文献   

20.
DNA damage represents a potential biomarker for determining the exposure risk to chemicals and may provide early warning data for identifying chemical hazards to human health. Here, we have demonstrated a simple chromatography-based method that can be used to rapidly screen for the presence of chemical hazards as well as to determine parameters relevant to hazard assessment. In this proof-of-principle study, a simple in vitro system was used to determine the interaction of pollutants and probable carcinogens, phenyl glycidyl ether (PGE), tetrachlorohydroquinone (Cl(4)HQ), methylmethane sulfonate (MMS), styrene-7,8-oxide (SO), and benzo[a]pyrene-7,8-dihydrodiol-9,10-epoxide (BPDE), a metabolite of benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), with single- and double-stranded DNA probes. Differences in potency and reaction kinetics were studied for chemical and DNA type. A relative interaction potency equivalency (PEQ) of a chemical was determined by ratio of interaction potency of a chemical to BPDE as the reference chemical in the reaction with single- and double-stranded oligodeoxynucleotides. PEQs were found to be BPDE > PGE > SO > MMS > Cl(4)HQ for single-stranded oligodeoxynucleotides while they were found to be BPDE > PGE > Cl(4)HQ > MMS > SO for double-stranded oligodeoxynucleotides. Kinetics evaluation revealed that BPDE reacted with both DNA probes at a significantly faster rate, as compared to the remaining test chemicals. Equilibrium was reached within an hour for BPDE, but required a minimum of 48 h for the remaining chemicals. First-order rate constants were (1.61 ± 0.2) × 10(-3) s(-1) and (3.18 ± 0.4) × 10(-4) s(-1) for reaction of BPDE with double- and single-stranded DNA, respectively. The remaining chemicals possessed rate constants from 2 to 13 × 10(-6) s(-1) with a relative kinetic order for reaction with DNA of BPDE ? MMS > SO > PGE > Cl(4)HQ for ds-DNA and BPDE ? SO ≈ Cl(4)HQ ≈ MMS > PGE for ss-DNA. We further found that the reaction potency, defined by dose-response between chemical pollutants and DNA, depends on the form of DNA present for reaction. Noteworthy, we found that relative PEQ did not follow the same kinetic trends. However, our preliminary findings suggest that reaction kinetics, in combination with relative interaction potency, may be a significant parameter that can be used to evaluate the hazard level of environmental pollutants.  相似文献   

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