顺序注射平台-分光光度法测定水中总磷

参照希思迪在线总磷分析仪和荷兰Skalar在线过程分析仪测定水中总磷的方法,对顺序注射平台分析技术进行改进,从而建立了钼酸铵分光光度法测定水中正磷酸盐的快速分析方法,该方法集微功耗、微量试剂消耗于一体。注射平台具有模块化、投入式探头等结构特征,仪器包含3个检测量程,适用于环境监测等领域的实时在线分析。实验选择磷酸蓝的测定吸收波长为880 nm,当总磷质量浓度为0.10~2.00 mg/L时,浓度与吸光度呈线性关系,线性回归方程y=0.970 3x-0.025 3,相关系数为0.999 5,方法的检出限为1.36×10-2mg/L。     

连续流动分析仪测定水中总氮的特性研究

运用AA3连续流动注射分析仪测定水中总氮,测试了仪器的示值误差、重复性、稳定性等相关特性指标,由检测数据可以得出该方法线性关系好,精密度和准确度高,检出限低,加标回收率为93%-104%,与传统的碱性过硫酸钾消解—紫外分光光度法相比,该方法具有分析速率快、试剂消耗量低等优点,适用于环境监测分析工作。     

基于智能手机的环境监测光学传感器研究与应用进展

传统环境污染物生物化学分析技术通常依赖于实验室设备和专业的操作技术人员,限制了此类技术在环境应急等现场分析中的应用。以手机内置光学功能模块作为信号接收器的智能手机光学传感器,通过分析光信号可实现对目标物的定性或定量分析,其开发和应用是当前环境污染物现场快速生物化学分析检测领域的研究热点。综述了比色、荧光和化学发光3种智能手机环境监测光学传感器的传感原理、实现路径、监测指标、研究现状以及所面临的挑战,探讨了其在环境监测领域的典型应用,展望了未来的发展前景,以期为智能手机光学传感技术在环境监测领域的进一步发展提供参考。     

AutoAnalyzer 3连续流动分析系统测定水中总磷和总氮

采用AutoAnalyzer 3连续流动注射分析仪测定水中的总磷与总氮,结果表明,总磷在0.00~2.00 mg/L、总氮在0.00~10.00 mg/L的范围内,均可以获得良好的线性方程;准确度和精密度良好,均能满足国家实验质量标准要求。与传统方法相比,利用该方法测定总磷、总氮,适用范围广,分析速度快,结果准确可靠。     

环境监测仪器的发展现状及对策

作为环境监测的核心设备,环境监测分析仪器在整个监测过程中有着举足轻重的作用,本文从实验室通用分析仪器、专用环境检测仪器、自动在线检测仪器、应急检测仪器等方面分析阐述了环境监测仪器的发展现状。重点阐述了我国环境监测仪器在得到较大发展的同时,在可靠性、自动化、使用寿命等方面与国外产品进行了比较;在此基础上,简要探讨并指出了进一步发展我国环境监测仪器应在虚拟化技术,分工合作,产、研联合等方面采取对策。     

水质总氮、总磷在线自动分析仪的发展现状

对水质总氮和总磷在线自动分析仪的方法原理，主要类型，主要技术特点以及主要仪器型号等发展现状进行了评述。     

近年来流动注射分析在环境监测分析中的应用概况

Ruzicka和Hansen对流动注射分析法(FIA)分析原理、实验设备与仪器、实验技术及1981年前的应用进行了阐述.近二十年来FIA在各个不同学科领域得到广泛应用.其仪器设备也不断改进,日臻完善.FIA在环境监测分析领域的应用也极其广泛.LuQue等对八十年代FIA在环境监测中的应     

QC8500型流动注射分析仪在总磷测定中的常见问题研究

介绍了流动注射分析方法（FIA）在测定水中总磷时的常见问题，如基线漂移，峰形不规则，伴有气泡峰、不出峰或峰面积重现性差等，并提出了相应的解决办法，为FIA在环境监测领域的广泛应用提供了技术指导和帮助。     

微波联合消解流动注射光度法测定水中总氮和总磷

利用微波联合消解水样,采用流动注射分析技术,建立了在线测定水中总氮和总磷的快速分析方法.优化了试验条件,在线性范围内,总氮和总磷的工作曲线线性关系良好,检出限分别为0.03 mg/L和0.01 mg/L,相对标准偏差分别为1.5%和1.2%,加标回收率分别为96.7%～103%和98.8%～102%.     

高压密封消解-流动注射同时测定海水中总氮和总磷

建立了高压密封消解-流动注射同时测定海水中总氮和总磷的方法,方法采用特制聚四氟乙烯密封消解罐,经高压消解锅消解后,用流动注射分析仪同时测定海水中的总氮和总磷。结果显示,总氮和总磷在0~3.20 mg/L范围内线性良好,总氮相关系数(r)=0.9997,检出限为0.012 mg/L,相对标准偏差为0.65%~2.59%,加标回收率为97.8%~102%;总磷相关系数(r)=0.9999,检出限为0.006 mg/L,相对标准偏差为0.50%~6.67%,加标回收率为98.8%~101%。该方法可同时测定海水中总氮和总磷,方法准确度和精密度良好,满足分析要求,适用于大批量海水样品中总氮和总磷的快速准确定量。     

连续流动分析在水质监测中的应用

连续流动分析技术具有分析速度快、准确度和精密度高、操作简单、通用性强、样品和试剂消耗量少等一系列优点。灵活运用连续流动分析技术可对大多数水性样品如水和废水、土壤(或固体废弃物)提取液、饮料等进行分析。本文中着重介绍了氨氮、硝酸盐氮/亚硝酸盐氮、挥发酚以及总氰化物等几个连续流动分析在水质监测中的应用实例。     

地面水中氨,硝酸盐,亚硝酸盐,氯化物,正磷酸盐,总硬度和硅酸盐的同时测定

用AQUA800辨别分析仪同时测定地面水中的氨、硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐、氯化物、正磷酸盐、总硬度和硅酸盐,是一种简便、迅速、准确、可靠的测定方法,样品无需预处理,精密度试验其变异系数分别为1．24％、2．18％、2．02％、2．67％、2．35％、3．57％、4．78％,加标回收率分别为103．5％、101．0％、95．0％、99．2％、97．6％、101．5％、98．0％,方法检测限分别为氨0．022mg／L,硝酸盐0．015mp／L,亚硝酸盐0．002tug／L,氯化物0．47mg／L,正磷酸盐0．015mg／L,总硬度17．6mg／L,硅酸盐0．55mg/L,能满足地面水中辨别分析仪同时测定氨、硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐点化物、正磷酸盐、总硬度和硅酸盐分析测定的要求。     

土壤氨氮、亚硝酸盐氮、硝酸盐氮的测定试料保存实验

对测定土壤中氨氮、亚硝酸盐氲、硝酸盐氲的试料保存条件和时间进行研究。结果表明，在4℃、避光保存的条件下，试料可以保存7d，而各组份浓度值基本保持不变。其中，氨氮的本底试料值相对标准偏差为2．86％，加标试料值相对标准偏差为2．88％，加标回收率为85．8％～101％；亚硝酸盐氮加标量为0．5μg试料值相对标准偏差为3．55％，加标量为4．0μg试料值相对标准偏差为2．93％；硝酸盐氮与亚硝酸盐氮总量的本底试料值相对标准偏差为7．02％，加标试料值相对标准偏差为4．56％，加标回收率为82．6％～104％。     

Assessing BMP effectiveness: multiprocedure analysis of observed water quality data

Observed water quality data obtained from eight stream monitoring locations within Richland–Chambers Watershed in north central Texas were analyzed for trends using box-and-whisker plots, exceedance probability plots, and linear and Mann–Kendall statistical methods. Total suspended solids decreased at seven out of eight stations, and at two of these stations, the decrease was significant. Mixed results were obtained for nitrogen across the stations. A nonsignificant and significant increase in nitrite plus nitrate nitrogen (nitrite + nitrate N) was noticed in two stations each, whereas at the other four stations showed nonsignificant decrease. The results of organic nitrogen (Org N) was similar to nitrite + nitrate N except that the two stations that showed significant increase in nitrite + nitrate N showed nonsignificant decrease in Org N. Mixed results were also noticed for orthophosphorus (Ortho P) including nonsignificant decrease at two stations, significant decrease and increase at one station each, and nonsignificant increase in four stations. In general, total phosphorus (TP) decreased at all stations, significantly at some, except one station where it increased significantly. Decreasing trends in sediment, Org N, Ortho P, and TP were likely related to implementation of best management practices (BMPs). Increasing trends in dissolved constituents including Ortho P and nitrite + nitrate N were likely due to increased surface residue as a result of some BMPs such as conservation tillage.     

Organic carbon causes interference with nitrate and nitrite measurements by UV/Vis spectrometers: the importance of local calibration

Compared with sporadic conventional water sampling, continuous water-quality monitoring with optical sensors has improved our understanding of freshwater dynamics. The basic principle in photometric measurements is the incident light at a given wavelength that is either reflected, scattered, or transmitted in the body of water. Here, we discuss the transmittance measurements. The amount of transmittance is inversely proportional to the concentration of the substance measured. However, the transmittance is subject to interference, because it can be affected by factors other than the substance targeted in the water. In this study, interference with the UV/Vis sensor nitrate plus nitrite measurements caused by organic carbon was evaluated. Total or dissolved organic carbon as well as nitrate plus nitrite concentrations were measured in various boreal waters with two UV/Vis sensors (5-mm and 35-mm pathlengths), using conventional laboratory analysis results as references. Organic carbon increased the sensor nitrate plus nitrite results, not only in waters with high organic carbon concentrations, but also at the lower concentrations (< 10 mg C L^?1) typical of boreal stream, river, and lake waters. Our results demonstrated that local calibration with multiple linear regression, including both nitrate plus nitrite and dissolved organic carbon, can correct the error caused by organic carbon. However, high-frequency optical sensors continue to be excellent tools for environmental monitoring when they are properly calibrated for the local water matrix.     

在线监测氨氮浓度的电导测量方法研究

建立了适用于氨氮在线监测的干法蒸馏-电导法和湿法蒸馏-电导法。该方法是通入一定流量的气量于含氨试样中,全沸腾加热,蒸发出的氨和水蒸气一起经冷凝器后,进入酸吸收液中。酸吸收液的电导率随氨氮蒸馏液的吸收发生变化,其变化的值和样品中氨氮的浓度呈一定的比例关系。研制出的氨氮在线监测仪结构简单,运行稳定可靠,测量结果准确。     

流动注射——薄层安培检测法测定水中亚硝酸盐和硝酸盐

将流动注射分析与薄层安培检测法相结合，以碳糊为工作电极，测定了水中ＮＯ－２－Ｎ和ＮＯ－３－Ｎ。研究结果表明，该方法与标准方法相比，具有简单、快速、准确，不受水体颜色干扰的优点。     

Physical and chemical characteristics of water from the hydrographic basin of the Poxim River, Sergipe State, Brazil

The Poxim River is one of Sergipe State’s major waterways. It supplies water to the State capital, Aracaju, but is threatened by urban and agricultural developments that compromise both the quantity and the quality of the water. This has direct impacts on the daily lives of the region’s population. In this work, a multivariate analytical approach was used to investigate the physical and chemical characteristics of the water in the river basin. Four sampling campaigns were undertaken, in November 2005, and in February, May, and September 2006, at 15 sites distributed along the Poxim. The parameters analyzed were conductivity, turbidity, color, total dissolved solids, dissolved oxygen, alkalinity, hardness, chlorophyll-a, and nutrients (total phosphorus, dissolved orthophosphate, nitrite, nitrate, ammoniacal nitrogen, and total nitrogen). Dissolved oxygen contents were very low in the Poxim-Açu River (1.0–2.8), the Poxim River (1.6–4.6), and the estuarine region (1.7–5.1), due to the dumping of wastes and discharges of domestic and industrial effluents containing organic matter into fluvial and estuarine regions of the Poxim. Factor analysis identified five components that were indicative of the quality of the water, and that explained 81.73 % of the total variance.     

近年来淮河干流氮污染状况与变化趋势

对淮河干流1990年至2002年氮污染和溶解氧监测数据的分析表明,沿淮河干流上游至下游氮污染加重,溶解氧含量降低。在一年中的6～9月,淮河干流无机氮和溶解氧浓度为最低。溶解氧的浓度直接影响到氨氮向亚硝酸盐氮和硝酸盐氮转化这一氧化自净过程。