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生活污水与工业废水中含有大量各类有机物,这类有机物在水体中分解时要消耗大量溶解氧.这些有机物的成份复杂,难以一一测定.人们常利用水中有机物在一定条件下所消耗的氧来间接表示水体中有机物的含量.生化需氧量BOD_5即为一重要指标. 相似文献
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建立了使用活性炭管采集臭气中的挥发性有机物,经二硫化碳解吸,用GC-MS仪Scan扫描方式确定挥发性有机物的组分后优化GC-MS条件定性定量分析上海化学工业区污水处理厂臭气中主要挥发性有机物的方法。结果表明,从臭气中检测出11种VOCs,线性相关系数R2均大于0.99,相对标准偏差为3.0%~4.7%,除了苯乙烯、α-甲基苯乙烯和4-甲基苯乙烯的解吸效率依次分别为72%、74%和66%,其他挥发性有机物的解吸效率均为91%~100%。本方法操作简便,能够有效分离和准确测定臭气中挥发性有机物,具有较低的检出限和较好的精确度,适合臭气中挥发性有机物的检测分析,可为臭气控制提供可靠的数据。 相似文献
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根据2008年广西近岸海域入海污染源的监测调查结果,找出污染物的主要特征。结果表明,广西近岸海域入海污染物以有机物和营养盐为主,入海河流携带的有机物和营养盐占绝大部分,其次是市政混合排污口及海水养殖向近岸海域排放了较多有机物及营养盐。 相似文献
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就县级环境监测站、特别是处在经济欠发达地区的县级环境监测站开展有机物监测存在的一系列困难提出了相应的对策 ,指出 ,县级环境监测站开展有机物监测工作是机遇和挑战并存 ,如果能以此为契机 ,切实开展好有机物监测工作 ,对县级环境监测站的能力建设将是一次质的飞跃 相似文献
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Yumiko Ohkouchi Bich Thuy Ly Suguru Ishikawa Yoshihiro Kawano Sadahiko Itoh 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2013,185(2):1427-1436
There is considerable interest in minimizing the chlorine residual in Japan because of increasing complaints about a chlorinous odor in drinking water. However, minimizing the chlorine residual causes the microbiological water quality to deteriorate, and stricter control of biodegradable organics in finished water is thus needed to maintain biological stability during water distribution. In this investigation, an acceptable level of assimilable organic carbon (AOC) for biologically stable water with minimized chlorine residual was determined based on the relationship between AOC, the chlorine residual, and bacterial regrowth. In order to prepare water samples containing lower AOC, the fractions of AOC and biodegradable organic matter (BOM) in tap water samples were reduced by converting into biomass after thermal hydrolysis of BOM at alkaline conditions. The batch-mode incubations at different conditions of AOC and chlorine residual were carried out at 20°C, and the presence or absence of bacterial regrowth was determined. The determined curve for biologically stable water indicated that the acceptable AOC was 10.9 μg C/L at a minimized chlorine residual (0.05 mg Cl2/L). This result indicated that AOC removal during current water treatment processes in Japan should be significantly enhanced prior to minimization of the chlorine residual in water distribution. 相似文献
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南京市主要饮用水源水中有机污染物的遗传毒性研究 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
运用鼠伤寒沙门氏菌 /哺乳动物微粒体酶系 ( Ames)试验 ( DNA)、SOS/Umu试验 (基因 )和蚕豆根尖微核试验(染色体 )对不同季节 (枯、丰、平 )南京市主要水厂的水源水中有机污染物的遗传毒性进行了研究。以 XAD-2树脂为吸附剂 ,丙酮 -甲醇的混合液为洗脱液 ,浓缩水样中有机物 ,并对部分阳性水样进行了有机组分的定性分析 ( GC/MS法 )及其污染源调查。结果发现 ,不同季节水样均有不同程度的遗传毒性检出 ,其中以上元门水厂水质最劣 ;同时通过 GC/MS法分析 ,发现阳性水样中存在有美国 EPA所列的多种优先污染物以及其它黑名单上所属的有毒有害物质 ,应当引起足够的重视 相似文献
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从致异味物质的性质、产生环节和感官类别3个方面,分析了饮用水异味的来源,以及因水厂净水剂、供水管网、工业污染、生活污染、复合污染等产生异味的原因。在对饮用水异味案例进行具体分析的基础上,阐述了致异味物质的检测方法,并提出饮用水异味事件的预防和应对措施。 相似文献
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用Ames试验检测水源水和自来水中的遗传毒性 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
用微伤寒沙门氏菌/哺乳动物微粒体酶系的Amaes试验,研究了不同季节物水源水及管网自来水中的遗传毒性,以XAD2树脂为吸附剂,以丙酮-甲醇的混合液为洗脱液,浓率水样中的有机物,并对部分阳性水样进行有机成分的定性分析。结果发现:13个水样中有7个样品在淡需要代谢活化系统S9的情况下,可诱导鼠伤寒沙门氏菌碱基移码型菌株的回复突变;不同水样在不同季节不同的诱导作用;同时通过GC/MS方法分析,发现阳性水 相似文献
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于2013年每月测定了苏州太湖饮用水源地9种异味物质含量及TP、TN、水温、藻密度等指标,结果表明,苏州太湖饮用水源地主要检出的异味物质有2-甲基异崁醇、土臭素、β-环柠檬醛和β-紫罗兰酮等4种。2-甲基异崁醇年均值是其嗅觉阈值的2.9倍,水体主要表现为土霉味。根据异味物质与环境因子相关性分析结果及相关文献讨论,水温是影响异味物质含量的重要因素。微囊藻等藻类对β-环柠檬醛和β-紫罗兰酮有明显贡献。 相似文献
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Ecological risk analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in surface sediments from Laizhou Bay 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The current research aims at developing predictive models for trihalomethane (THM) formation in Lebanon based on field-scale investigations as well as laboratory controlled experimentations. Statistical analysis on field data revealed significant correlations for TTHM with chlorine dose, Specific UV-A, and UV(254) absorbing organics. Simulated distribution system-THM tests showed significant correlations with applied chlorine dose, total organic carbon, bromides, contact time, and temperature. Predictive models, formulated using multiple regression approaches, exhibiting the highest coefficients of determination were quadratic for the directly after chlorination (DAC; r(2) = 0.39, p < 0.036) and network (r(2) = 0.33, p < 0.064) THM databases, and logarithmic for the laboratory simulated THM database (r(2) = 0.70, p < 0.001). Computed r(2) values implied low correlations for the DAC and network THM database, and high correlation for the laboratory simulated THM database. Significance of the models were at the 0.05 level for DAC database, 0.10 level for the network database, and very high (<0.01 level) for the laboratory simulated THM database. It is noteworthy to mention that no previous attempts to assess, monitor, and predict THM concentrations in public drinking water have been reported for the country although a large fraction of the population consumes chlorinated public drinking water. 相似文献
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国内外饮用水水质标准的综合评价 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
在参考国内外饮用水水质标准的基础上,建立了饮用水水质综合评价体系,通过专家咨询法获得判断矩阵,利用层次分析法计算各水质指标的权重,结合国内外饮用水水质标准的指标进行层次总排序,根据总排序结果对国内外饮用水水质标准的特点进行了综合评价。 相似文献
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Gordana Marović Jasminka Senčar Zdenko Franić 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》1997,46(3):233-239
The presence of 226Ra in drinking water may sometimes make important contribution to natural background radiation exposures. The paper describes the study of 226Ra content in drinking water of Croatia: tap water from the public supply system of several major towns and bottled mineral water from two selected mineral water springs. 226Ra was determined by alpha-spectrometric measurement after radiochemical separation. The radiation doses originating from drinking tap water and bottled mineral water were estimated. The annual dose from consumption of bottled mineral water was compared to that received from ingestion of public system tap water. The study showed that 226Ra content for investigated categories of waters is below the levels at which any unacceptable dose due to ingestion would arise. 相似文献