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1.
We have aimed at characterizing top soil samples taken in-situ from five different locations of the unregulated dumping site
in Eskişehir/Turkey for a period of six months. The study is the first attempt in the city and in Turkey, regarding particularly
the SPME (Solid Phase Microextraction Technique) analysis method utilized. A comprehensive research has been conducted to
produce critical soil data to be used for indicating current risks as well as the urgency of rehabilitating the site and establishing
a sanitary landfill in the site. Conventional physicochemical analytical methods and SPME technique were used to analyze the
samples. Physicochemical analyses were performed for determining the pH, total dried matter, volatile matter, total nitrogen,
phosphorus, macro elements and heavy metals. Meteorological data were also recorded for the same period. SPSS.10.0 statistical
program was used to determine the correlation between meteorological data and physicochemical analysis results. Mean values
were used in the correlation analyses. These data indicated that the air temperature and precipitation have significant effects
on soil characteristics. SPME, coupled with GC/MS, was used to identify eighty six volatile and semi-volatile organic compounds
contained in soil samples. The samples were extracted by headspace SPME with heating (δHS-SPME). SPME analyses were conducted
using a commercially available polydimethylsiloxane/divinylbenzene (PDMS/DVB) fiber having a film thickness of 65 μm (Supelco)
as a capture medium. The experimentally optimized headspace sampling conditions were arranged (15 min. at 50˚C) before a 30 min. sampling period. 相似文献
2.
In this study which was carried out between March 2003 and February 2005 Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn, Cr, Pb and Cd contents were determined
in muscle, liver and gill of carp (Cyprinus carpio L., 1758) caught from Beyşehir Lake. Among the heavy metals analyzed Cr, Pb and Cd were below the detection limit (<0.03).
Heavy metal concentrations varied significantly depending on the type of the tissue and season. The highest metal concentrations
were found in the liver, followed by gill and muscle. Heavy metal levels in tissues of carp were increased in summer and winter,
while were decreased in autumn and spring. The present study shows that precautions need to be taken in Beyşehir Lake in order
to prevent heavy metal pollution that can occur in the future. 相似文献
3.
Leachate Characterization and Assessment of Groundwater Pollution Near Municipal Solid Waste Landfill Site 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
Leachate and groundwater samples were collected from Gazipur landfill-site and its adjacent area to study the possible impact
of leachate percolation on groundwater quality. Concentration of various physico-chemical parameters including heavy metal
(Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb and Zn) and microbiological parameters (total coliform (TC) and faecal coliform (FC)) were determined
in groundwater and leachate samples. The moderately high concentrations of Cl−, NO−
3, SO2−
4, NH+
4, Phenol, Fe, Zn and COD in groundwater, likely indicate that groundwater quality is being significantly affected by leachate
percolation. Further they proved to be as tracers for groundwater contamination. The effect of depth and distance of the well
from the pollution source was also investigated. The presence of TC and FC in groundwater warns for the groundwater quality
and thus renders the associated aquifer unreliable for domestic water supply and other uses. Although some remedial measures
are suggested to reduce further groundwater contamination via leachate percolation, the present study demand for the proper
management of waste in Delhi. 相似文献
4.
Different multivariate statistical analysis such as, cluster analysis, principal component analysis, and multidimensional
scale plot were employed to evaluate the trophic status of water quality for four monitoring stations. The present study was
carried out to determine the physicochemical parameters of water and sediment characteristics of Pondicherry mangroves—southeast
coast of India, during September 2008–December 2010. Seasonal variations of different parameters investigated were as follows:
salinity (10.26–35.20 psu), dissolved oxygen (3.71–5.33 mg/L), pH (7.05–8.36), electrical conductivity (26.41–41.33 ms−1), sulfide (1.98–40.43 mg/L), sediment texture sand (39.54–87.31%), silt (9.89–32.97%), clay (3.06–31.20%), and organic matter
(0.94–4.64%). pH, temperature, salinity, sand, silt, clay, and organic matter indicated a correlation at P < 0.01. CA grouped the four seasons in to four groups (pre-monsoon, monsoon, post-monsoon, summer) and the sampling sites
in to three groups. PCA identified the spatial and temporal characteristics of trophic stations and showed that the water
quality was worse in stations 3 and 4 in the Pondicherry mangroves. 相似文献
5.
Deniz Demirbilek Ayten Öztüfekçi Önal Veysel Demir Gulsad Uslu Hilal Arslanoglu-Isık 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2013,185(11):9435-9449
Environmental monitoring of leachate quality from an open municipal solid waste dumping site in Tunceli, Turkey was studied in this research. The most commonly examined pollution parameters were determined on a seasonal basis. The annual average 5-day biological oxygen demand (BOD5) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) values of station points were measured as 70 and 425 mg/L, respectively, and also the average BOD5/COD ratio (a measure of biodegradability) was calculated as 0.20. The low ratio of biodegradability and slightly alkaline pH values in the leachate samples indicated that the site was characterized by methanogenic conditions. The mean ammonium-nitrogen (NH4 +-N) and corresponding phosphate (orthophosphate) values were assayed as 70 and 11 mg/L, respectively. The average solids content in the leachates was measured as 4,681 mg/L (total solids) and 144 mg/L (suspended solids). Very low concentrations of iron, manganese, copper, and zinc in the leachate samples were found and the concentration of cadmium was measured below detection limits. Excessive amount of nutrients and high organic and inorganic pollutant content in the leachates pose serious pollution potential to the environment. Since no drainage system or bio treatment exists in this open dumping site, high permeability of natural soil at the site and in the surrounding area and very fractured and crackled rocks under natural soil are indicators of high groundwater pollution potential in this site. 相似文献
6.
Demir TA Akar T Akyüz F Işikli B Kanbak G 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2005,104(1-3):437-444
The aim of this study was to determine the concentrations of nickel and cadmium in blood plasma of the people exposed to cement dust emissions and to investigate the effects of exposure period on the activities of Na+/K+ ATPase enzymes in their erythrocyte membranes. The study was carried out on people living in Eskiehir Çukurhisar rural area, located near a cement factory. Blood samples of the individuals residing in this area were taken from 80subjects (30 for control) following a physical examination. The analysis of plasma samples showed that nickel concentrations in subject group were found to be significantly higher than those of the control group (p < 0.001). Cadmium concentrations were found to be within the reference values for both group and no difference was found between the subjects and controls (p > 0.05). Furthermore, no correlation was observed between the levels of Na+/K+ ATPase activity in erythrocyte membranes of the subject group and the ages of people living in the region (p > 0.05, r = 0.133). It was also observed that nickel concentrations increased by age (p < 0.001, r = 0.646) while no effect was observed in means of cadmium. Na+/K+ ATPase activities in the erythrocyte membranes were not affected.In conclusion although there was no difference between the Na+/K+ ATPase activity in means of age, there was an environmental pollution and may be it was due to the industrial plant. 相似文献
7.
Eutrophication and Sedimentation Patterns in Complete Exploitation of Water Resources Scenarios: An Example from Northwestern Semi-arid Mexico 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Sánchez-Carrillo S Alatorre LC Sánchez-Andrés R Garatuza-Payán J 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2007,132(1-3):377-393
Water requirements to supply human needs lead water stakeholders to store more water during surplus periods to fulfil the
demand during – not only – scarcity periods. At the reservoirs, mostly those in semi-arid regions, water level then fluctuates
extremely between rises and downward during one single year. Besides of water management implications, changes on physical,
chemical and biological dynamics of these drawdown and refilling are little known yet. This paper shows the results, throughout
a year, on solids, nutrients (N and P), chlorophyll-a, and sedimentation changes on the dynamics, when the former policy was applied in a reservoir from the semi-arid Northwestern
Mexico. Water level sinusoidal trend impinged changes on thermal stratification and mixing, modifying nutrient cycling and
primary producer responses. According to nitrogen and phosphorus concentration as well as chlorophyll-a, reservoir was mesotrophic, becoming hypertrophic during drawdown. Nutrient concentrations were high (1.22 ± 0.70 and 0.14 ± 0.12 mg
P l−1), increasing phosphorus and lowering N:P significantly throughout the study period, although no intensive agricultural, no
urban development, neither industrial activities take place in the watershed. This suggests nutrient recycling complex mechanisms,
including nutrient release from the sediment–water interface as the main nutrient pathway when shallowness, at the same time
as mineralization, increases. Outflows controlled nitrogen and phosphorus availability on the ecosystem while organic matter
depended on river inflows. As on other subtropical aquatic ecosystems, nitrogen limited primary productivity (Spearman correlation
R = 0.75) but chlorophyll-a seasonal pattern showed an irregular trend, prompting other no-nutrient related limitants. Shallowness induced a homogeneous
temporal pattern on water quality. This observed temporal variability was mainly explained statistically by changes on solids
(mineral and organic), chlorophyll-a and flows (62.3%). Annual sedimentation rates of total solids ranged from 11.73 to 16.29 kg m−2 year−1 with organic matter comprising around 30%. N:P ratio on sedimentation rates were as high as could be expected in a resuspension
dominated ecosystem, and spatially inverse related with N:P ratio on bottom sediments. Distance from river inlet into the
reservoir reveals a marked spatial heterogeneity on solid and nitrogen sedimentation, showing the system dependence on river
inflows and supporting resuspension as the main phosphorus pathway. Accretion rates (2.19 ± 0.40 cm year−1) were not related to hydrological variability but decreased with the distance to the river input. Total sediment accumulation
(9,895 tons km−2 year−1) denotes siltation as other serious environmental problem in reservoirs but possibly not related with operational procedures. 相似文献
8.
Singh SK Juwarkar AA Pandey RA Chakrabarti T 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2008,141(1-3):201-212
The biologically treated distillery effluent (BTDE) contains intense colour, high total dissolved solids (TDS), chemical oxygen
demand (COD) and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD). These properties even after primary, secondary and tertiary treatments contain
high concentrations of TDS, COD and BOD. The paper highlights the safe disposal and treatment of BTDE on land through High
Rate Transpiration System (HRTS). HRTS is a zero discharge, low cost, high-tech method for improving the quality of BTDE for
potential reuse. The experiments conducted at bench and pilot scale showed that HRTS having coconut husk as a bedding material
could successfully treat the BTDE with a hydraulic load of 200 m3 ha−1 day−1 having BOD of 100 mg l−1 and 500 m3 ha−1 day−1 having BOD of 500 mg l−1 with average COD load of 0.686 and 2.88 ton ha−1 day−1 during the post and pre monsoon periods respectively. There was no significant increase in the organic carbon of the soil
irrigated with BTDE. The concentrations of various pollutants analyzed in the leachate were within the prescribed limit for
the drinking water sources. The colour removal was 99 to 100% and BOD and COD were possible to treat with optimum hydraulic
loading of BTDE through HRTS planted with Dendrocalamus strictus. 相似文献
9.
This study monitored atmospheric pollutants during high wind speed (> 7 m s−1) at two sampling sites: Taichung Harbor (TH) and Wuci traffic (WT) during March 2004 to January 2005 in central Taiwan. The
correlation coefficient (R
2) between TSP, PM2.5, PM2.5−10 particle concentration vs. wind speed at the TH and WT sampling site during high wind speed (< 7 m s−1) were also displayed in this study. In addition, the correlation coefficients between TSP, PM2.5 and PM2.5−10 of ionic species vs. high wind speed were also observed. The results indicated that the correlation coefficient order was
TSP > PM2.5−10 > PM2.5 for particle at both sampling sites near Taiwan strait. In addition, the concentration of Cl−, NO3
−, SO4
2−, NH4
+, Mg2+, Ca2+ and Na+ were also analyzed in this study. 相似文献
10.
Cerqueira MA Vieira FN Ferreira RV Silva JF 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2005,111(1-3):297-306
The aim of this study was to evaluate the water quality of the Cértima River basin (Central Portugal). For that purpose, surface
water samples were collected in March, May and July 2003, at 10 selected sampling sites, and were analysed for physicochemical
parameters, namely temperature, conductivity, pH, total suspended solids, dissolved oxygen, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), Kjeldahl nitrogen and total phosphorus. Results revealed an acceptable water quality during the spring season. Maxima of
64 mg dm−3 for BOD5, 39 mg dm−3 for Kjeldahl nitrogen, and 5.2 mg dm−3 for total phosphorus, were recorded during summer, indicating a significant degradation of the water quality in a river stretch
located downstream of the town of Mealhada. These values, which did not comply with the objectives of minimum quality for
surface waters prescribed by the Portuguese legislation, were related to domestic wastewater discharges and runoff waters
from a cattle farm. Besides their effects on the middle stretch of the river, these pollution sources were the most likely
cause of the high nutrient load in downstream waters, and thus may have a major impact on the trophic status of Pateira de
Fermentelos, a sensitive wetland area located in the lower Cértima basin. 相似文献