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1.
应用离子色谱法(IC)同时测定土壤中可溶性Na^、K^+、Mg^2+、Ca^2+。以CS12A阳离子交换柱分离,稀硫酸为淋洗液,电导检测器检测,对土壤中的Na^、K^+、Mg^2+、Ca^2+进行同时测定。方法具有较宽的线性范围和较高的灵敏度。在0~40mg/L内呈良好的线性关系,土壤中Na^、K^+、Mg^2+、Ca...  相似文献   

2.
氢化物发生原子荧光法在测定土壤中浸出硒、总硒的应用   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
应用氢化物发生原子荧光光谱法研究了测定基地土壤中的浸出硒、总硒的技术。称取一定量土样置于烧杯中,加蒸馏水间歇手动搅拌2小时后放置过夜,取上清液测有效硒;用HNO3-HF-HClO4分解法全量消解样品,同时做全程空白实验,样品处理后加入10%硫脲-10%抗坏血酸混合改进剂以消除Cu、Ag、Ni、Pd等金属离子的干扰,并以1%硼氢化钠为还原剂,在25%的盐酸介质中测定总硒。其浸出态硒测定的检出限为1.5×10-3mg/kg,总硒测定的检出限为0.032mg/kg。  相似文献   

3.
高效液相色谱-原子荧光光谱联用分析土壤中形态砷   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
采用高效液相色谱(HPLC)-原子荧光光谱(AFS)联用技术分析土壤中亚砷酸盐[As(Ⅲ)]、二甲基砷(DMA)、一甲基砷(MMA)和砷酸盐[As(Ⅴ)]等4种形态砷,以磷酸为提取剂、抗坏血酸为还原剂,优化了水浴提取条件。As(Ⅲ)、DMA、MMA和As(Ⅴ)在7 min之内实现了完全分离,在1.00μg/L~100μg/L范围内线性良好,实验室检出限分别为0.25μg/L、0.36μg/L、0.39μg/L和0.51μg/L,土壤标准样品平行测定的RSD≤7.4%,加标回收率为79.5%~95.0%,提取率为74.6%~90.4%。  相似文献   

4.
采用城市绿地和降雨系统模拟装置,研究绿地系统对径流污染物的净化机理。研究表明,模拟绿地对径流污染物的削减和污染物总量的控制有较好作用。降雨0.5h内污染物质主要被0cm-15cm层土壤所吸附,2h后各层对有机质、氮磷的吸附能力基本相同。绿地系统对径流污染物中COD、NH4^+ -N、NO3^- -N及TP去除率为37.6%~49.9%;降雨期间污染物的去除主要靠土壤和植物根系的截留、吸附和吸收作用,因此对土壤NH4^+ -N、NO3^- -N及TP的吸附过程用Langmiur方程进行拟和,发现土壤对NH4^+ -N及TP的吸附反应在常温下自发进行程度较强,对NO3^- -N的吸附反应在常温下较难进行。且降雨后微生物开始降解吸附于土壤颗粒表面和植物根系的污染物,降雨后第5d~8d,土壤中微生物数量达到最大值,说明雨后土壤中污染物的降解主要发生在降雨后第2d-8d内,且t4d~17d土壤污染物含量基本降到降雨前水平,土壤得到再生.  相似文献   

5.
火焰原子吸收法测定土壤中的铅   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
建立了一种以 HNO3-HCl-HCl O4 -HF对土壤样品进行消化 ,火焰原子吸收测定铅的方法。该法用于实际样品的测定时 ,相对标准偏差小于 2 .3 % ,加标回收率为 98%~ 1 0 2 %。  相似文献   

6.
用自制催化剂和氧化剂进行快速法测定CODcr结果 :1分析标样平均值接近真值。 2用国产 CODcr快速测定仪和 72 1分光光度计便可测到 1 0~ 1 0 0 0 mg/L CODcr。3在 COD浓度较低时曲线有很好的线性关系 ,使得降低快速法的定量下限成为可能。定量下限可达 9.0 7mg/L。 4与经典回流法比较 ,相对误差为 - 0 .4 2 %~ 5.39%。5配制方便 ,成本不到专用试剂的 1 /1 0。快速法测定COD_(cr)的催化剂、氧化剂配制与其定量下限@段柏润$娄底地区环境保护局!湖南娄底417000 @段文明$娄底地区环境保护局!湖南娄底417000 @海梦黎$娄底地区环境…  相似文献   

7.
为了探究土壤中苯胺回收率测定偏低的难点,笔者针对《土壤和沉积物 苯胺类和联苯胺类的测定 液相色谱-三重四极杆质谱法(征求意见稿)》中前处理阶段的问题,在优化部分前处理条件的基础上,研究土壤吸附、内标加入的时机以及还原剂(五水合硫代硫酸钠)和氨水对苯胺回收率的影响。结果表明:土壤吸附是导致苯胺加标回收率偏低的重要因素,与空白加标相比,含有一定量有机质的砂质壤土基体加标回收率减少了42.05%~60.89%。内标在不同阶段加入会对苯胺回收率产生显著影响,主要是由前处理过程中的基体吸附和挥发损失导致。加入还原剂和氨水对空白加标的苯胺回收率无显著影响,但对于含有一定量有机质的砂质壤土,加入氨水后苯胺加标回收率增加了59.57%,具有显著影响。  相似文献   

8.
建立了王水水浴消解-原子荧光法测定土壤中砷汞的方法,确定还原剂为硼氢化钾,测砷和汞时硼氢化钾的最优质量分数分别为2%和0.05%,载流为5%盐酸。该法砷和汞分别在质量浓度0.0~40.0μg/L和0.00~4.00μg/L范围内线性良好,相关系数均0.999 5,砷和汞的检出限分别为0.009和0.001 mg/kg,相对标准偏差分别为3.90%和2.67%,加标回收率分别为94.1%~107.6%和92.0%~104.0%。采用本法对国家标准土壤样品和东海县部分农田土壤样品进行测定分析,结果良好,表明该法操作简单、灵敏度高、实用性好,适用于土壤中砷和汞的测定。  相似文献   

9.
以过硫酸钾为氧化剂测定水中挥发酚   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
以过硫酸钾代替铁氰化钾作氧化剂 ,在pH 1 0± 0 2溶液中 ,用 4-氨基安替比林萃取法比色测定低浓度挥发酚 ,于 460nm处有最大吸收峰 ,在 0 μg/2 50mL~ 1 5μg/2 50mL范围内符合比尔定律。 4次校准曲线相关系数为 0 9999~ 0 9994。相对标准偏差为 0 2 % ,回收率为 91 %~ 97%。显色反应的选择性、稳定性、重现性和准确性均较好。氧化剂较稳定 ,易保存、无毒性。  相似文献   

10.
污染土壤中六价铬的测定   总被引:6,自引:1,他引:5       下载免费PDF全文
通过加入碱性消解液、MgCl2和磷酸缓冲溶液,建立了污染土壤中六价铬的分光光度测定法.方法在0 mg/L~0.200 mg/L范围内线性良好,检出限为0.16 mg/kg(以2.5 g样品计),土壤样品测定的RSD为4.6%,加标回收率为92.3%~107%.  相似文献   

11.
赵岩 《干旱环境监测》2014,28(4):182-186
对测定土壤中氨氮、亚硝酸盐氲、硝酸盐氲的试料保存条件和时间进行研究。结果表明,在4℃、避光保存的条件下,试料可以保存7d,而各组份浓度值基本保持不变。其中,氨氮的本底试料值相对标准偏差为2.86%,加标试料值相对标准偏差为2.88%,加标回收率为85.8%~101%;亚硝酸盐氮加标量为0.5μg试料值相对标准偏差为3.55%,加标量为4.0μg试料值相对标准偏差为2.93%;硝酸盐氮与亚硝酸盐氮总量的本底试料值相对标准偏差为7.02%,加标试料值相对标准偏差为4.56%,加标回收率为82.6%~104%。  相似文献   

12.
直接加热消解法测定土壤底质中的有机质   总被引:5,自引:1,他引:4  
选用XJⅠ型COD消解装置作加热器,测定土壤、底质的有机质。通过不同消解时间的实验设计,选取8min作为该法的消解时间;通过4种不同类型土壤、底质有机质的测定,并将其测定值与甘油浴法〔1〕作比较,得出该法精密度好,准确度高,相对标准偏差在14%~27%之间,相对误差在-34%~15%之间  相似文献   

13.
选用钒的5条特征谱线用电感耦合-等离子发射光谱(ICP-AES)法测定环境土壤中的钒含量,运用干扰系数法对多个土壤标样和样品测定结果进行干扰校正,干扰系数用多个土壤标样的标准值和测定值的最小二乘法来确定.结果表明,未进行校正时,7个土壤标样5条特征谱线测定原始结果和标准值相差较大,不在标准值的范围内;校正后,土壤标样的311.071 nm.波长与309.311 nm波长谱线测定结果的均值在范围之内,且干扰系数为1.015(约等于1),不需折算,波长311.071 nm也在保证值范围内(校正系数为1.184).对土壤样品进行测定,5条谱线测试结果一致性好,相对标准偏差为2.2%~10.4%,平行相对偏差为0.3%~3.3%,加标回收率为88.4% ~ 111.4%.建议用ICP-AES法对环境土壤中的钒测定时,选用波长311.071 nm谱线并用干扰系数法进行校正(系数为1.184),或用波长311.071 nm与309.311 nm谱线测定均值作为测定结果.  相似文献   

14.
基于化学发光臭氧(O3)检测方法,将氮氧化物分析仪(Thermo Model 42i-TL)改装为O3分析仪,测试其性能,并与紫外光度法O3分析仪(Thermo Model 49i)同时应用于外场观测,开展比对测试试验。结果显示:该改装仪器的测量性能优于Thermo Model 49i,其零点噪声为0.10×10-9(体积分数,下同),最低检出限为0.20×10-9,量程噪声为0.42×10-9,示值误差为0.1%满量程(F.S.)。在比对试验过程中,化学发光法O3分析仪运行稳定,测量结果与商品化的Thermo Model 49i所测定的O3浓度数值的变化趋势高度一致(R2=0.998)。化学发光法O3分析仪相较于Thermo Model 49i具有更低的噪声,其日间(09:00—17:00)O3浓度示值显著低于Thermo Model 49i,且...  相似文献   

15.
The purpose of this study was to develop a method for assessing generalised N leaching estimates from large areas of agricultural land. The system developed was based on calculating a number of N leaching estimates for different typical cropping situations. The estimates were normalised with respect to varying weather conditions and crop production. The different cropping situations were described by setting up a matrix consisting of crucial factors influencing leaching such as soils, crops and climate. Nitrogen leaching was then estimated for a number of combinations of these factors. Calculations were made for three different regions where all the major crops were cultivated on soils with seven different textures and four different organic-N classes and two fertilisation regimes. The three regions are representative of climates and agricultural practices in some of the major agricultural areas in Sweden. The model used was the SOILN model. Leaching of nitrogen from the root zone showed large variations. The range was from 1 to 50 kg ha−1 for different soils and crops when only fertiliser N was applied. Leaching varied both due to different climates and differences in cultivation practices between the regions. Leaching decreased in a south-north gradient. Leaching increased as a result of greater mineralisation when the organic matter content in the soils was increased, leaching was less from soils with a high clay content and was very small for the heavy clay soil. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

16.
Atmospheric deposition of nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S) containing compounds affects soil chemistry in forested ecosystems through (1) acidification and the depletion of base cations, (2) metal mobilization, particularly aluminum (Al), and iron (Fe), (3) phosphorus (P) mobilization, and (4) N accumulation. The Bear Brook Watershed in Maine (BBWM) is a long-term paired whole-watershed experimental acidification study demonstrating evidence of each of these acidification characteristics in a northeastern U.S. forested ecosystem. In 2003, BBWM soils were studied using the Hedley fractionation procedure to better understand mechanisms of response in soil Al, Fe, and P chemistry. Soil P fractionation showed that recalcitrant P was the dominant fraction in these watersheds (49%), followed by Al and Fe associated P (24%), indicating that a majority of the soil P was biologically unavailable. Acidification induced mobilization of Al and Fe in these soils holds the potential for significant P mobilization. Forest type appears to exert important influences on metal and P dynamics. Soils supporting softwoods showed evidence of lower Al and Fe in the treated watershed, accompanied by lower soil P. Hardwood soils had higher P concentrations in surface soils as a result of increased biocycling in response to N additions in treatments. Accelerated P uptake and return in litterfall overshadowed acidification induced P mobilization and depletion mechanisms in hardwoods.  相似文献   

17.
重氮偶联法作为测定亚硝酸盐氮的标准方法,因具有方法灵敏、选择性强、仪器较易获得等优点,被实验室广泛采用,但也存在测定上限较低,适用样品范围较窄等缺点。通过将显色剂中磷酸改为盐酸,把重氮试剂含量提高到国标法的3倍,明显提高亚硝酸盐氮的测定上限,即由原国标法上限的0.2 mg/L提高到0.6 mg/L,灵敏度与国标法接近,且准确度和精密度良好,6组标准溶液平行测定的相对误差为1.60%,相对标准偏差为1.34%,加标回收率为96.5%~104.9%,适用于生活污水、工业废水、地表水、养殖废水等水体的测定。  相似文献   

18.
Polluted soils from Eneka oil field in the Niger delta region of Nigeria were collected two months after recorded incidence of oil spillage as part of a two-site reclamation programme. The soils were taken on the second day of reconnaissance from three replicate quadrats, at surface (0–15 cm) and subsurface (15–30 cm) depths, using the grid sampling technique. Total extractable hydrocarbon content (THC) of the polluted soils ranged from 1.006×103–5.540× 104 mg/kg at surface and subsurface depths (no overlap in Standard Errors at 95% Confidence Level). Greenhouse trials for possible reclamation were later carried out using (NH4)2SO4, KH2PO4 and KCl (N-P-K) fertilizer as nutrient supplements. Nitrogen as NO3-N and potassium were optimally enhanced at 2% (w/w) and 3% (w/w) of the N-P-K supplementation respectively. Phosphorus, which was inherently more enhanced in the soils than the other nutrients, maintained same level impact after 20 g treatment with the N-P-K fertilizer. Total organic carbon (%TOC), total organic matter (%TOM), pH and % moisture content all provided evidence of enhanced mineralization in the fertilizer treated soils. If reclamation of the crude oil inundated soils is construed as the return to normal levels of metabolic activities of the soils, then the application of the inorganic fertilizers at such prescribed levels would duly accelerate the remediation process. This would be, however, limited to levels of pollution empirically defined by such THC values obtained in this study. The data on the molecular compositional changes of the total petroleum hydrocarbon content (TPH) of the spilled-oil showed the depletion of the fingerprints of the n-paraffins, nC8nC10, and complete disappearance of C12–C17 as well as the acyclic isoprenoid, pristane, all of which provided substantial evidence of degradation.  相似文献   

19.
荧光法快速测定水中粪大肠菌群   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
为研究荧光法测定水中粪大肠菌群的适用性,在6家实验室使用荧光法对粪大肠菌群的标准菌株和实际水样进行测定,并与多管发酵法进行比对。结果表明:6家实验室对标准菌株的监测结果均在误差范围内,实验室内相对误差为-2. 75%~1. 71%,准确度较高;对3个不同浓度实际水样进行精密度测定,实验室内相对标准偏差分别为1. 30%~3. 93%、1. 94%~4. 72%、1. 88%~4. 54%,实验室间的相对标准偏差分别为1. 14%、1. 59%、1. 72%,精密度较高;用荧光法与多管发酵法同时测定实际水样,2种方法测试结果线性相关性良好且变化趋势相同,对测试数据进行t检验,2种方法测试结果无显著差异。  相似文献   

20.
The emissions of greenhouse gas (GHG) from soils are of significant importance for global warming. The biological and physico-chemical characteristics of soil affect the GHG emissions from soils of different land use types. Methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), and carbon dioxide (CO2) production rates from six forest and agricultural soil types in the Koteshwar hydropower reservoir catchments located in the Uttarakhand, India, were estimated and their relations with physico-chemical characteristics of soils were examined. The samples of different land use types were flooded and incubated under anaerobic condition at 30 °C for 60 days. The cumulative GHG production rates in reservoir catchment are found as 1.52 ± 0.26, 0.13 ± 0.02, and 0.0004 ± 0.0001 μg g soil?1 day?1 for CO2, CH4, and N2O, respectively, which is lower than global reservoirs located in the same eco-region. The significant positive correlation between CO2 productions and labile organic carbon (LOC), CH4 and C/N ratio, while N2O and N/P ratio, while pH of soils is negatively correlated, conforms their key role in GHG emissions. Carbon available as LOC in the reservoir catchment is found as 3–14% of the total ?C” available in soils and 0–23% is retained in the soil after the completion of incubation. The key objective of this study to signify the C, N, and P ratios, LOC, and pH with GHG production rate by creating an incubation experiment (as in the case of benthic soil/sediment) in the lab for 60 days. In summary, the results suggest that carbon, as LOC were more sensitive indicators for CO2 emissions and significant C, N, and P ratios, affects the GHG emissions. This study is useful for the hydropower industry to know the GHG production rates after the construction of reservoir so that its effect could be minimized by taking care of catchment area treatment plan.  相似文献   

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