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1.
太原市市区机动车尾气污染问题浅析于梅(山西太原市环境监测站,太原030002)太原市汽车保有量由1987年637万辆增至1993年1092万辆,同期CO年日均浓度由22mg/m3增至33mg/m3。以1989年数据求算,当年全市机动车保有量达...  相似文献   

2.
在《水和废水监测分析方法(第3版)》(以下简称《方法》)中,地面水总磷测定一般可采用过硫酸钾消解法消解。《方法》规定,在高压蒸汽消毒器内加热,在锅内压力达到11kg/cm2(相应温度为120℃)时,要保持此压力30min。此法消解时间较长,对大批样...  相似文献   

3.
本文基于Hg(Ⅱ)meso四(3氯4甲氧基苯基)卟啉(T(3Cl4MOP)P)Twen80显色体系,提出一种高灵敏度二阶导数分光光度法测定工业废水中的痕量汞(Ⅱ),研究了汞配合物的形成条件。在pH72~79的中性介质中和Tween80的存在下,沸水浴加热6min,反应进行完全。汞(Ⅱ)量在18~104μg/L范围内符合比尔定律,二阶导数分光光度法测定汞(Ⅱ)的表观摩尔吸光系数ε4526,4616=988×106L·mol-1cm-1,检出限为18ng/ml。方法用于工业废水中痕量Hg(Ⅱ)的测定,结果满意。  相似文献   

4.
本文介绍了用毛细管柱气相色谱法定量测定给水中三卤甲烷(氯仿、一溴二氯甲烷、二溴一氯甲烷和溴仿)及四氯化碳的方法。其色谱条件是:检测器(ECD)温度:345℃;色谱柱:HP5(25m×032mm×105μm)柱;进样口温度:250℃。该方法的最小检出下限分别为:氯仿01μg/l、四氯化碳01μg/l、一溴二氯甲烷02μg/l、二溴一氯甲烷02μg/l和溴仿04μg/l。  相似文献   

5.
分光光度法测定六价铬的研究   总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9  
本文基于六价铬在稀盐酸介质中将碘离子氧化为I-3,新生的I-3遇淀粉显蓝色,借分光光度法测定了废水中的六价铬。本法简便快速,灵敏度高,其表观摩尔吸光系数ε高达311×105L·mol-1·cm-1,铬(Ⅵ)量在0~12μg/25ml内服从比耳定律,线性相关系数γ为09990。应用于实际废水样中六价铬的测定,结果与二苯碳酰二肼比色法基本一致。  相似文献   

6.
氧化偶氮胂M褪色光度法测定微量锰的研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
在酸性介质中,Mn(Ⅶ)强的氧化性对偶氮胂M有褪色作用,借此进行吸光光度法测定微量锰的研究。实验表明,在18~27mol/LH2SO4介质中,有色溶液的最大吸收波长为540nm,表观摩尔吸光系数为183×104L/mol·cm,锰量在0~14μg/ml范围内与有色溶液吸光度的减少值呈线性关系。方法简单快速、选择性好、准确度高,灵敏度是高锰酸盐法的近8倍,可用于测定水样、地质样品中的微量锰。在测定某些地质样品中的微量锰时,结果满意。  相似文献   

7.
DDTC—TX—100胶束增溶直接光度法测定水中低含量铜   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
TritonX100对DDTC(二乙基二硫代氨基甲酸钠)与铜反应生成的络合物Cu(DDTC)2有增溶增敏作用,建立了低含量铜直接光度测定法。操作简便快速,选择性、精密度和回收率均较好,相对标准偏差为08%~43%,回收率为96%~106%,摩尔吸光系数ε=64×103L/(mol·cm  相似文献   

8.
本文基于Fe(Ⅲ)二溴羟基苯基荧光酮(DBH—PF)OP体系的荧光熄灭效应,提出一种测定微量铁(Ⅲ)的新荧光方法,在pH3848的缓冲介质范围内和OP存在下,Fe(Ⅲ)与DBHPF形成1∶3的络合物,络合物的最大激发波长和发射波长分别是365nm和560nm。铁(Ⅲ)量在016~180μg/L范围内与△F成线性关系,检测限为016μg/L,方法用于地面水中微量铁的测定,结果满意。  相似文献   

9.
结晶紫褪色分光光度法测定SO_2的研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
在碱性介质中,SO2能使结晶紫褪色且褪色的程度随SO2量的增加而呈线性关系,据此建立了分光光度法测定SO2的新方法,确定了显色测定的最佳条件。方法的最大吸收波长在600nm处,表观摩尔吸光系数为73×103L/mol·cm。SO2量在0~100μg/25ml范围内符合比尔定律  相似文献   

10.
BOD5稀释倍数的探讨   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
对稀释法测定生化需氧量(BOD5)稀释倍数探讨如下。1已知COD值对于初次测定成分复杂的工业废水,若已知COD(C)值,其α(BOD5/COD)一般在02~08之间,则BOD5=(02~08)COD根据《水和废水监测分析方法(第3版)》,BO...  相似文献   

11.
对空气中甲醛测定的采样方法进行了探讨 ,分别用水和稀硫酸作吸收液对空气甲醛进行采样研究。结果表明 ,用 0 .0 0 5mol LH2 SO4 作吸收液的采样方法 ,可有效、稳定地延长样品的保存时间 ,且又符合方法灵敏度和精密度的要求。  相似文献   

12.
从履约压力看环境监测发展方向   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0       下载免费PDF全文
分析了在当前履约压力下环境监测的薄弱与不足之处,提出了拓展环境空气监测内容,将生态调查和多样性监测纳入常规体系,推进有机监测技术发展,加大多边合作与联合监测的发展思路.  相似文献   

13.
为了解泰东河疏浚工程对通榆河水质的影响,于2012年6月8日、9月12日、12月6日,对泰东河沿线以及通榆河东台段进行调查取样,分析施工期间河体水质变化。结果表明,施工期间水质参数基本保持在Ⅱ~Ⅲ类。根据江苏省水环境监测中心盐城分中心2011年、2013年监测资料评价分析,泰东河河道疏浚后,清理了河床淤泥,提高了泰东河的行洪、抗洪以及通航能力,其水质的好转有效地改善了下游通榆河的水质,确保了饮水安全。  相似文献   

14.
简述了锅炉的风量和烟气量、锅炉燃料的消耗量以及锅炉运行负荷的估算方法。通过实例分析,用现场监测的实际风量与理论值比较,粗略估算出监测时段锅炉运行负荷,比对锅炉污染物监测时段的锅炉运行负荷标准,从而判断监测数据的准确性与有效性。  相似文献   

15.
Estimating the Ecological Condition of the Estuaries of the Gulf of Mexico   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
Monitoring of estuaries in the Louisianian Province was performed annually from 1991–1994 to assess ecological conditions on a regional scale. We found over the four years of monitoring, 25±6% of Gulf of Mexico estuarine sediments in the Louisianian Province displayed poor biological conditions, as measured by benthic community structure, and 14±7% of the area was characterized by poor water clarity, the presence of marine debris, and elevated levels of fish tissue contaminants. Using statistical associations to discern relationships between ecological condition and exposure or stressor data has shown that much of this degraded' condition co-occurs with sediment contamination.  相似文献   

16.
In 1996, the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute and the Republic of Panama's Environmental Authority, with support fromthe United States Agency for International Development, undertook a comprehensive program to monitor the ecosystem of the Panama Canal watershed. The goals were to establish baselineindicators for the integrity of forest communities and rivers. Based on satellite image classification and ground surveys, the2790 km2 watershed had 1570 km2 of forest in 1997, 1080 km2 of which was in national parks and nature monuments. Most of the 490 km2 of forest not currently in protected areas lies along the west bank of the Canal, and its managementstatus after the year 2000 turnover of the Canal from the U.S. to Panama remains uncertain. In forest plots designed to monitorforest diversity and change, a total of 963 woody plant specieswere identified and mapped. We estimate there are a total of 850–1000 woody species in forests of the Canal corridor. Forestsof the wetter upper reaches of the watershed are distinct in species composition from the Canal corridor, and have considerably higher diversity and many unknown species. Theseremote areas are extensively forested, poorly explored, and harbor an estimated 1400–2200 woody species. Vertebrate monitoring programs were also initiated, focusing on species threatened by hunting and forest fragmentation. Large mammals are heavily hunted in most forests of Canal corridor, and therewas clear evidence that mammal density is greatly reduced in hunted areas and that this affects seed predation and dispersal. The human population of the watershed was 113 000 in 1990, and grew by nearly 4% per year from 1980 to 1990. Much of this growth was in a small region of the watershed on the outskirts of Panama City, but even rural areas, including villages near and within national parks, grew by 2% per year. There is no sewage treatment in the watershed, and many towns have no trashcollection, thus streams near large towns are heavily polluted. Analyses of sediment loads in rivers throughout the watershed did not indicate that erosion has been increasing as a result ofdeforestation, rather, erosion seems to be driven largely by total rainfall and heavy rainfall events that cause landslides.Still, models suggest that large-scale deforestation would increase landslide frequency, and failure to detect increases inerosion could be due to the gradual deforestation rate and the short time period over which data are available. A study of runoff showed deforestation increased the amount of water fromrainfall that passed directly into streams. As a result, dry season flow was reduced in a deforested catchment relative to aforested one. Currently, the Panama Canal watershed has extensive forest areasand streams relatively unaffected by humans. But impacts of hunting and pollution near towns are clear, and the burgeoningpopulation will exacerbate these impacts in the next few decades.Changes in policies regarding forest protection and pollution control are necessary.  相似文献   

17.
环境空气质量标准中各种污染物的浓度限值是评价、考核空气质量状况的基本依据。为了保证在不同时空、不同环境状况下监测数据的可比性,各个国家或组织在制定的空气质量标准中对标准状态(温度和压力)进行了定义。但是,由于标准状态定义不同,即使是同一环境状况下的同一实测结果进行标化计算后的污染物浓度也不相同,达不到可比性的基本原则。因此,建议中国在未来修订空气质量标准所采用的标准状态,进一步与国际接轨。  相似文献   

18.
北方重工业城市降水pH值与相关因素关系的研究   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
针对北方重工业城市出现的酸性降水和pH值降低的现象,采用集中监测、纵横对比、统计分析的方法,对降水pH值现状及与相关因子的关系进行了研究。结果显示,降水pH值依污染源排放的烟(粉)量的减少、环境空气中总悬浮微粒浓度的降低、机动车保有量的增加而向酸性发展,空气质量好的区域易发生酸雨,北方重工业城市"尘"重点治理以后酸雨和二氧化硫污染将出现加重趋势。仅靠削减二氧化硫排放量控制污染是不够的,重工业城市必须综合防治。  相似文献   

19.
太湖流域水体富营养化成因及防治对策的初步研究   总被引:18,自引:2,他引:16  
以较丰富的素材分析了太湖流域富营养化的成因及其危害性,同时阐述了水体富营养化的治理对策。  相似文献   

20.
Substantial amounts of NOx (146 000 t/y) and total hydrocarbons (294 000 t/y) are released to the marine atmosphere by the large number of oil and gas operations over Federal waters of the Gulf of Mexico (GOM). Under appropriate meteorological conditions these emissions react to form ozone (0–54 g/m3 over-water) which can affect the marine environment. Using a dry deposition model, this work examines the amount of ozone derived from oil and gas offshore operations and deposited in the sea surface of the Gulf of Mexico, and assesses its impact on the neuston of the sea-surface microlayer. Surface integrated estimates of ozone deposited from oil and gas operations over the sea surface ranges from 400 kg to 1800 kg which results in sea surface concentrations of 15 g/m3. This estimate and the actual toxic ozone levels suggest no acute, toxic impacts to the neuston. However, indirect effects may occur through changes to the pelagic foodwebs and organic carbon pathways. Another potential pathway for ozone impacting the environment is through the production of bromate. Based on the concentrations and time scales (11–139 days) only sublethal effects appear to occur, but uncertainties associated with this assessment need to be further studied. From an ecological perspective, the environmental impacts and risks of NOx and VOC discharges from offshore platforms need to be assessed for neuston and other components of the marine ecosystem.  相似文献   

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