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1.
Leachate Characterization and Assessment of Groundwater Pollution Near Municipal Solid Waste Landfill Site 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
Leachate and groundwater samples were collected from Gazipur landfill-site and its adjacent area to study the possible impact
of leachate percolation on groundwater quality. Concentration of various physico-chemical parameters including heavy metal
(Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb and Zn) and microbiological parameters (total coliform (TC) and faecal coliform (FC)) were determined
in groundwater and leachate samples. The moderately high concentrations of Cl−, NO−
3, SO2−
4, NH+
4, Phenol, Fe, Zn and COD in groundwater, likely indicate that groundwater quality is being significantly affected by leachate
percolation. Further they proved to be as tracers for groundwater contamination. The effect of depth and distance of the well
from the pollution source was also investigated. The presence of TC and FC in groundwater warns for the groundwater quality
and thus renders the associated aquifer unreliable for domestic water supply and other uses. Although some remedial measures
are suggested to reduce further groundwater contamination via leachate percolation, the present study demand for the proper
management of waste in Delhi. 相似文献
2.
Nagpur City located in semiarid area of central India is a fast-growing industrial centre. In recent years, rapid development
has created an increased demand for drinking water, which is increasingly being fulfilled by groundwater abstraction. The
present study was undertaken to assess major ion chemistry of shallow groundwater to understand geochemical evolution of groundwater
and water quality for promoting sustainable development and effective management of groundwater resources. A total of 47 water
samples were collected from shallow aquifer of selected parts of the city and the water chemistry of various ions viz. Ca2 + , Mg2 + , Na + , K + , CO3 2-_{3}^{\ \, 2-}, HCO3 -_{3}^{\ \, -}, Cl − , SO4 2-_{4}^{\ \,2-} and NO3 -_{3}^{\ \,-} are carried out. The chemical relationships in Piper diagram identify Ca–HCO3–Cl and mixed Ca–Na–HCO3–Cl as most prevalent water types. Alkaline earth exceeds alkalis and weak acids exceed strong acids. Ionic ratios and Gibb’s
diagram suggest that silicate rock weathering and anthropogenic activities are the main processes that determine the ionic
composition in the study area. The nitrate appeared as a major problem of safe drinking water in this region. We recorded
highest nitrate concentration, i.e., 411 mg/l in one of the dug well. A comparison of groundwater quality in relation to drinking
water quality standards revealed that about half of the shallow aquifer samples are not suitable for drinking. 相似文献
3.
Physico-chemical characteristics of some river and hand-dug well waters used for drinking and domestic purposes in the oil
rich Niger Delta area of Nigeria were assessed using standard methods. The concentrations of the parameters in the river water
samples ranged in the following order: pH (5.6–6.9), temperature (26.90–28.60°C), turbidity (23–63 NTU), electrical conductivity
(52–184 μs/cm), DO (5.4–7.2 mg/l), BOD (21–57 mg/l), TDS (6.0–217 mg/l), PO4
3− (0.19–1.72 mg/l), SO4
2− (25–36.8 mg/l), NO3
− (20.3–28 mg/l), Fe (6.07–15.71 mg/l), Zn (0.04–0.24 mg/l), Pb (0.01–0.17 mg/l), Ni (0.01–0.13 mg/l), Vn (0.01–0.20 mg/l)
and Hg (0.001–0.002 mg/l). The concentrations of these parameters in the hand-dug well water ranged in the following order:
pH (5.7–6.8) temperature (26–30°C), turbidity (134–171 NTU), electrical conductivity (160–340 μs/cm), DO (5.4–6.4 mg/l), BOD
(13–34 mg/l), TDS (110–190 mg/l), PO4
3− (0.84–1.84 mg/l), SO4
2− (10.6–28.1 mg/l), NO3
− (11.3–23 mg/l), Fe (13.17–16.31 mg/l), Ni (0.01–0.02 mg/l), Vn (0.01–0.04 mg/l) and Hg (0.001–0.004 mg/l). The concentrations
of BOD, turbidity, NO3
− and Fe in the water samples were above WHO and FMENV permissible limits for safe drinking water. The results suggest that
the use of such waters for drinking and domestic purposes pose a serious threat to the health of the users and calls for the
intervention of government agencies. 相似文献
4.
Hydrogeochemical characterization of contaminated groundwater in Patancheru industrial area,southern India 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The groundwater is one of the most contaminated natural resources in Patancheru industrial area due to unplanned and haphazard
industrial growth and urbanization without following basic pollution control norms. The rapid industrialization initiated
in early 1970 has started showing up its after effects few years later in the form of physiochemical contamination of the
both surface and groundwater bodies of the area. It has resulted in local people being deprived of safe drinking water, plant
and aquatic life has severely affected, and situation is deteriorating over the years in the area in spite of some preventive
and remedial measures being initiated. The focus of the present study is to understand the chemical characteristics of groundwater
and geochemical processes the contaminant water is undergoing which are normally imprinted in its ionic assemblages. The water
samples collected in pre- and post-monsoon seasons from forty two groundwater and four surface water sources were analyzed
for major constituents such as Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, CO3−, HCO3−, Cl−, SO42−, NO3−, and F−, and selected samples were tested for ten important trace metals like Fe, Pb, Bi, Mn, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, and Cd. Na+ among cations and Cl− among anions dominate the water in both the seasons where as Ca2+, HCO3−, and Cl− show significant reduction in their ionic strength in post-monsoon. The groundwater in general is of mixed type, but most
of it belong to Na+–Cl−, Na+–HCO3−, Ca2+–Mg2+–HCO3−, and Ca2+–Mg2+–Cl− facies. The Na+ and Ca2+ are in the transitional state with Na+ replacing Ca2+ and HCO3−–Cl− due to physiochemical changes in the aquifer system. The evaluation of hydrochemistry through various ionic indices, ratios,
and plots suggest that silicate–carbonate weathering, ion exchange, dissolution, and evaporation processes are responsible
for origin of the present chemical status of the groundwater which is also controlled by the contamination from extraneous
sources that could have accelerated the dissolution processes. Gibbs plots authenticate that the evolution of water chemistry
is influenced by interaction of percolating water with aquifer matrix apart from anthropogenic enrichment of elements which
get over concentrated due to evaporation. 相似文献
5.
Celik K 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2006,117(1-3):261-269
Regression and correlation analyses were used to predict responses of phytoplankton biomass (chlorophyll) (μg L−1) to nitrate (NO3) (mg L−1), phosphate (PO4) (mg L−1) and ammonium (NH4) (mg L−1) dynamics in the shallow hypertrophic Lake Manyas, Turkey. Nutrient concentrations showed a descending gradient with distance,
while chlorophyll concentrations showed an ascending gradient with the distance from the Sığırcı Inlet to the Karadere Outlet.
Higher nutrient concentrations did always not coincide with higher chlorophyll concentrations. The results showed that regression
models developed using seasonal data were more accurate in predicting chlorophyll concentrations than those developed using
the pooled data from whole year (based on R
2 and the difference between the measured and predicted values). The findings also revealed that within a single large shallow
lake, chlorophyll-nutrient relationships might show significant variations spatially. The objective of this study was to determine
the seasonal and spatial variations in the relationships between chlorophyll, nitrate, phosphate and ammonium in the shallow
hypertrophic Lake Manyas, Turkey. 相似文献
6.
Dhondt K Boeckx P Verhoest NE Hofman G Van Cleemput O 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2006,116(1-3):197-215
The aim of this study was to monitor long-term temporal and spatial groundwater NO3- removal efficiencies in different riparian zones via a limited number of sampling wells. Groundwater NO3- concentrations were measured fortnightly or monthly over a period of two years using transects of ground water sampling wells.
Depending on the level of the NO3- load (up to 120mgNL-1 at the input side of the riparian zone a distance of 10 to 30m was needed to remove NO3- from the groundwater below 11.3mgNL-1. Considering all seasons, the mixed vegetation and grass riparian site succeeded to remove groundwater NO3- efficiently (92—100% within a distance of 30m. The forested riparian zone removed 72—90% of the total NO3- input within a distance of 30m. Evidence emerged that NO3- could also be removed actively at depths up to 2m, due to the presence of organically enriched layers of alluvial deposits
or roots. Our four dimensional approach (three dimensional space and time), in combination with a limited number of sampling
wells, was shown to be a useful monitoring tool to assess the variability of NO3- removal in riparian zones. 相似文献
7.
Abdulrahman I. Alabdula'aly 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》1997,47(3):315-324
Riyadh, Saudi Arabia is supplied with drinking water fromboth desalinated sea water and treated groundwater sources. Sampleswere analysed for NO3 from selected deep and shallow wells, two locations within the city's six groundwater treatment plants, thedesalinated sea water and distribution network. Average nitrateconcentrations (as NO3) were 8.2 and 15.8 mg/L for deep andshallow well waters, respectively. The average nitrate concentrations (asNO3) in the groundwater treatment plants influent waters and thefinal product water were 16.2 and 8.5 mg/L, respectively. Due toblending of the plants' product water with the desalinated sea water, theaverage network nitrate concentration was 4.4 mg/L. The scheduledwater interruption does not seem to cause any appreciable change in thenitrate levels in the distribution network. 相似文献
8.
Chen-Wuing Liu Yeuh-Bin Wang Cheng-Shin Jang 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2013,185(12):10147-10156
Groundwater supplies over 50 % of drinking water in Kinmen. Approximately 16.8 % of groundwater samples in Kinmen exceed the drinking water quality standard (DWQS) of NO3 ?-N (10 mg/L). The residents drinking high nitrate-polluted groundwater pose a potential risk to health. To formulate effective water quality management plan and assure a safe drinking water in Kinmen, the detailed spatial distribution of nitrate–N in groundwater is a prerequisite. The aim of this study is to develop an efficient scheme for evaluating spatial distribution of nitrate–N in residential well water using logistic regression (LR) model. A probability-based nitrate–N contamination map in Kinmen is constructed. The LR model predicted the binary occurrence probability of groundwater nitrate–N concentrations exceeding DWQS by simple measurement variables as independent variables, including sampling season, soil type, water table depth, pH, EC, DO, and Eh. The analyzed results reveal that three statistically significant explanatory variables, soil type, pH, and EC, are selected for the forward stepwise LR analysis. The total ratio of correct classification reaches 92.7 %. The highest probability of nitrate–N contamination map presents in the central zone, indicating that groundwater in the central zone should not be used for drinking purposes. Furthermore, a handy EC–pH-probability curve of nitrate–N exceeding the threshold of DWQS was developed. This curve can be used for preliminary screening of nitrate–N contamination in Kinmen groundwater. This study recommended that the local agency should implement the best management practice strategies to control nonpoint nitrogen sources and carry out a systematic monitoring of groundwater quality in residential wells of the high nitrate–N contamination zones. 相似文献
9.
Hydrogeochemistry and Groundwater Quality Assessment of Lower Part of the Ponnaiyar River Basin, Cuddalore District, South India 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
Jeevanandam M Kannan R Srinivasalu S Rammohan V 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2007,132(1-3):263-274
The Lower Ponnaiyar River Basin forms an important groundwater province in South India constituted by Tertiary formations
dominated by sandstones and overlain by alluvium. The region enjoyed artesian conditions 50 years back but at present frequent
failure of monsoon and over exploitation is threatening the aquifer. Further, extensive agricultural and industrial activities
and urbanization has resulted in the increase in demand and contamination of the aquifer. To identify the sources and quality
of groundwater, water samples from 47 bore wells were collected in an area of 154 km2 and were analysed for major ions and trace metals. The results reveal that the groundwater in many places is contaminated
by higher concentrations of NO3, Cl, PO4 and Fe. Four major hydrochemical facies Ca–Mg–Cl, Na–Cl, Ca–HCO3 and Na–HCO3 were identified using Piper trilinear diagram. Salinity, sodium adsorption ratio, and sodium percentage indicate that most
of the groundwater samples are not suitable for irrigation as well as for domestic purposes and far from drinking water standards.
The most serious pollution threat to groundwater is from nitrate ions, which are associated with sewage and fertilizers application.
The present state of the quality of the lower part of Ponnaiyar River Basin is of great concern and the higher concentration
of toxic metals (Fe and Ni) may entail various health hazards. 相似文献