电导和直流安培双检测器离子色谱法测定清洁水样中的碘化物

选用配备了2种不同检测器(电导检测器和直流安培检测器)的离子色谱仪对稀释后过0.22μm滤膜的水样进行分析。配备有直流安培检测器的离子色谱仪测定水中碘化物的方法在0.100~20.0μg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数(r)=0.9999,方法检出限为0.030μg/L,测定下限为0.120μg/L,样品加标回收率为95.0%~104%,相对标准偏差为1.06%~1.64%;配备有电导检测器的离子色谱仪测定水中碘化物的方法在20.0~2.00×105μg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数(r)=0.9995,方法检出限为2.00μg/L,测定下限为8.00μg/L,样品加标回收率为99.0%~110%,相对标准偏差为0.71%~3.12%。离子色谱-直流安培检测器法测定水中碘化物的方法准确度高、灵敏度高、精密度好,检出限相对较低,适用于测定ρ(碘化物)≤20.0μg/L的清洁水样;离子色谱-电导检测器法主要适用于测定ρ(碘化物)≥20.0μg/L的水样。     

东营市地下水碘化物的空间分布特征及影响分析

为研究东营市地下水碘化物的空间分布特征以及对环境和饮用水安全的影响,对域内的山前平原区和黄泛平原区分别布设了48个和47个调查点位。结果表明:东营市地下水碘化物质量浓度均值达到(0.247±0.263) mg/L,其环境质量呈现由南向北逐步恶化的变化趋势,超过90%的国土面积处于地下水环境质量标准Ⅳ类。山前平原区南部是东营市唯一具备可饮用地下水的区域,域内以适碘地区为主,缺碘地区和高碘地区分别位于区域东南部和第二次海侵古海岸线附近。总体上,可饮用地下水处于中等缺碘水平,海(咸)水入侵已成为影响可饮用地下水适碘地区范围的关键因素,需引起高度关注。地下水所处的环境地质概况、海(咸)水入侵和大气降水是影响碘化物空间分布的重要因素。     

碳酸盐体系离子色谱法快速测定水体中碘化物

采用亲水性强的AS22型阴离子交换分离柱处理水样,用离子色谱法测定样品中的碘化物,通过优化样品预处理条件、色谱条件,消除常见阴离子干扰,使方法在0 mg/L~5.00 mg/L范围内线性良好。方法检出限为0.002 mg/L,3个质量浓度水平的标准溶液7次测定结果的RSD为0.5%~3.5%,实际水样的加标回收率为85.2%~100%。     

水质砷测定时的注意事项

在水质砷的测定过程中,用二乙基二硫代甲酸银光度法测定砷时,除了《水和废水监测分析方法》中的注意事项外,笔者认为还应增加一些值得注意的事项:(1)酸度对砷化氢的发生和吸收有一定的影响,如样品中酸度过高,当加入碘化钾和氯化亚锡试剂时,将生成朱红色鳞片状锡的碘化物沉淀.遇此情况,可稍加水稀释,以降低酸度,待沉淀溶解后再继续分析.     

山东单县浅层高氟高碘地下水的水化学特征及成因分析

氟和碘作为人体必需的微量元素,过少或过多摄入都会影响人身健康,相较于缺氟、缺碘,高氟高碘地下水对人体的危害更加难以控制。该研究选择单县作为典型的水源型高氟高碘地区,通过对浅层高氟高碘地下水进行采样测试,采用箱线图、Piper图及双变量相关性分析等多元统计技术剖析了该区域浅层地下水的水环境特征;采用R型因子分析揭示了水化学成分之间的相互关系,探讨了该区浅层高氟高碘地下水的成因。结果表明:①单县浅层地下水中的氟化物和碘化物的质量浓度均值分别为1.2 mg/L和391 μg/L。②随着氟化物浓度的增加,水化学类型偏向于向HCO₃-Na型和HCO₃-Na·Mg型集中,而随着碘化物浓度的增加,水化学类型则倾向于以HCO₃-Na·Mg为主。③该区域强烈的蒸发浓缩作用是控制单县浅层地下水化学成分的最重要因子;萤石平衡控制作用是控制单县浅层地下水高氟背景的因子;水-有机沉积物相互作用是控制单县浅层地下水高碘背景的因子。     

淮河流域江苏平原区浅层地下水污染分析

以淮河流域江苏平原区浅层地下水为研究对象，通过对当地影响较大的污染源调查采样，分析了该地区所采602组水样的无机和有机污染状况。研究表明，区内浅层地下水无机污染较严重，基本形成面状污染，地下水超标率高达83．4％，超标率最高为碘化物。有机污染物检出率34．2％，主要包括二氯甲烷、萘和1，2-二氯乙烷等，以点状分布为主。在此基础上阐述了大气降水、污水灌溉、农业施肥以及地下水开采等人类活动对浅层地下水的影响和污染状况。     

安徽省淮河以北、江淮之间和长江以南地区农村环境质量综合评价

对2018和2019年安徽省淮河以北、江淮之间和长江以南地区的农村环境质量进行综合评价与差异性分析。结果表明,淮河以北、江淮之间和长江以南地区的农村环境、生态及环境质量综合状况均以优良为主,无较差和差的等级,江淮之间和长江以南地区均优于淮河以北地区。提出,在今后经济和社会发展过程中,安徽省淮河以北地区应重视农村环境和生态保护工作,重点提高环境空气质量、饮用水水源地和地表水水质状况。     

金华市大气降水的化学组成特征及来源解析

对2004年大气降水样品监测资料的综合分析和研究表明,金华市降水样品pH值的分布范围在3.64~6.76之间,降水的酸雨率为79.3%。SO24-和NO-3是降水中主要的阴离子,分别占降水中阴离子总量的66.1%和21.7%。NH 4和Ca2 是降水中含量最高的阳离子,分别占阴离子总量的56.6%和33.4%。降水中这些离子的浓度水平一般比世界上其它地方高,但大大低于国内的北方地区。由于降水中缺乏足够的中和物质,大约76%的降水酸度被NH 4、Ca2 和K 等碱性成分中和。陆源型离子Ca2 、Mg2 和K 以及海盐性离子Na 和Cl-之间存在明显的相关关系,另外Ca2 和SO24-、Mg2 和SO24-、Mg2 和NO-3以及Mg2 和Cl-之间也可以观察到比较好的相关关系。土壤和海水的富集系数表明,研究区域的Ca2 和K 主要来源于岩石/土壤风化,SO24-和NO-3主要归因于人为活动的影响。     

水浴消解-原子荧光法测定土壤中的砷汞

建立了王水水浴消解-原子荧光法测定土壤中砷汞的方法,确定还原剂为硼氢化钾,测砷和汞时硼氢化钾的最优质量分数分别为2%和0.05%,载流为5%盐酸。该法砷和汞分别在质量浓度0.0~40.0μg/L和0.00~4.00μg/L范围内线性良好,相关系数均0.999 5,砷和汞的检出限分别为0.009和0.001 mg/kg,相对标准偏差分别为3.90%和2.67%,加标回收率分别为94.1%~107.6%和92.0%~104.0%。采用本法对国家标准土壤样品和东海县部分农田土壤样品进行测定分析,结果良好,表明该法操作简单、灵敏度高、实用性好,适用于土壤中砷和汞的测定。     

乌鲁木齐冬季气溶胶散射吸收特性

采用积分式浑浊度仪于2012年1月在乌鲁木齐市中区和市北区对气溶胶的散射系数和吸收系数进行连续观测,分析了市中区与市北区气溶胶散射系数和吸收系数的变化特征,结合同期的相关气象资料对变化特征进行了讨论。结果表明,市中区和市北区气溶胶的散射系数、吸收系数具有相同的变化趋势。总体上呈"W"型;峰值分别出现在0:00和12:00前后,谷值则出现在5:00和17:00前后。散射系数远大于吸收系数,说明大气气溶胶的消光作用主要由散射作用完成。相对湿度与散射系数、吸收系数不具有显著相关性,而风速对散射系数、吸收系数影响较大,且对市北区的影响大于市中区。     

Occurrence and exposure assessment of perchlorate, iodide and nitrate ions from dairy milk and water in Japan and Sri Lanka

Perchlorate is known to competitively interfere with iodide uptake by the thyroid gland and thereby human exposure to perchlorate is a public health concern. Prevalence of perchlorate in dairy milk is documented; nevertheless, co-occurrence of perchlorate with other thyroid-binding monovalent ions such as iodide and nitrate is not well understood. In this study, we analyzed perchlorate, iodide, and nitrate-N in dairy milk, water and other dairy-related samples collected from Japan and Sri Lanka. Concentrations of perchlorate in Japanese dairy milk samples ranged from 1.03 to 14.1 ng ml(-1); the corresponding concentrations in dairy milk and powdered milk from Sri Lanka were 1.14-38.5 ng ml(-1). Perchlorate concentrations in commercial milk were significantly higher in Japan than in Sri Lanka, while iodide and nitrate levels in milk between the two countries were comparable. All three ions were ubiquitously found in water samples from Japan and Sri Lanka. Analysis of colostrum and raw milk collected from cows fed with the same feed for over 30 days showed no significant temporal variations in perchlorate, iodide and nitrate-N concentrations. A significant positive correlation was found between the concentrations of perchlorate and iodide in Japanese commercial milk. The concentrations of perchlorate and nitrate-N in water samples analyzed from both countries also showed a significant positive correlation. The exposure estimation revealed that dairy milk provides a greater source for perchlorate and iodide, while water predominantly contributes nitrate-N intake for all age groups in both counties. Infants and children demonstrated the highest estimated perchlorate, iodide and nitrate-N intake on a body weight basis in comparison to other age groups. Therefore, further studies of risk associated with perchlorate may need to reconsider co-existence of iodine and other iodide transport inhibitors in food.     

纳氏试剂降低氨氮空白值影响因素探讨

纳氏试剂是光度法测定水中氨氮空白值影响的主要因素,纳氏试剂的质量由KI和HgCl2的比例决定。通过减少HgCl2用量试验,找到降低氨氮空白值的最佳方法,减少了分析误差,提高了测试准确性。分析指标符合水质技术要求,且节约了化学试剂,经济可行。     

碘化钾-淀粉试纸法测定余氯

基于余氯对碘化钾的氧化作用和碘淀粉反应，本文提出了测定余氯的碘化钾－淀粉试纸法。研究了最佳测试条件，用于测定医院污水中的余氯，获得满意结果。测量范围为１．０－１０．０ｍｇ／Ｌ。     

气相分子吸收光谱法测定海水中氨氮的干扰因素识别及预处理方法研究

采用气相分子吸收光谱法测定海水样品中的氨氮,重点考察海水中共存离子对氨氮测定结果的影响规律,识别测定过程中主要的干扰因素,并提出消除干扰的预处理方法.研究结果表明,碘离子会对氨氮的测定产生负干扰,当样品中碘离子质量浓度达到0.0765 g/L时,氨氮的测定结果与标准值相比明显降低,且在碘离子质量浓度达到0.1910 g...     

Sensitive monitoring of iodine species in sea water using capillary electrophoresis: vertical profiles of dissolved iodine in the Pacific Ocean

Using a novel high-sensitivity capillary electrophoretic method, vertical distributions of iodate, iodide, total inorganic iodine, dissolved organic iodine and total iodine in the North Pacific Ocean (0-5500 m) were determined without any sample pre-treatment other than UV irradiation before total iodine analysis. An extensive set of data demonstrated that the iodine behaviour in the ocean water collected during a cruise in the North Pacific Ocean in February-March 2003 was not conservative but correlated with variations in concentrations of dissolved oxygen and nutrient elements such as silicon, nitrogen and phosphorus. This suggests that the vertical distribution of iodine is associated with biological activities. The dissolved organic iodine was found in the euphotic zone in accord with observations elsewhere in the oceans. The vertical profile of dissolved organic iodine also appears to be related to biogeochemical activity. The concentrations of all measured iodine species vary noticeably above 1000 m but only minor latitudinal changes occur below 1000 m and slight vertical alterations can be observed below 2400 m. These findings are thought to reflect the stratification of nutrients and iodine species with different biological activities in the water column.     

Validation of spectrophotometric method for Se(IV) determination: analytical applications

As selenium is an important part of the antioxidant enzymes and also because there are several studies suggesting a possible link between cancer and selenium deficiency, this paper presents a spectrophotometric method for the assay of Se(IV), using N,N-diethyl-p-phenylenediamine monohydrochloride as reagent. The proposed method is based on the reaction between the selenium and potassium iodide in low acidic medium, when iodine is released. This last product will further oxidise the new reagent. The final obtained product is strongly coloured in red and has an absorption maximum at 552 nm and molar extinction coefficient (ε) of 6.1?×?10⁴ L mol^?1 cm^?1. The optimum working conditions were established, and the developed method was validated, being characterised by a good linearity (in the range of 0.5–3.0 μg/mL), a limit of detection (0.0573 μg/mL) and a limit of quantification (0.1737 μg/mL). At the same time, the repeatability, the precision of the method and the accuracy were established. The proposed and validated method was applied with good results for the determination of Se(IV) in spring and bottled water from Iasi and also in pharmaceutical and cosmetic products.     

一种基于Landsat 8 OLI影像的水体信息提取方法研究

提出一种基于Landsat 8 OLI影像提取水体信息的斜率比值法（SR），比对不同方法、不同类型水体和不同季节影像的数据，结果表明：SR法相比归一化差异水体指数法（NDWI）和改进的归一化差异水体指数法（MNDWI），水体信息提取精度更高，且对阈值精确度的要求低，阈值一般设定为2.0；SR法适用于清澈水体、浑浊水体、浅水河滩等水体，对河流干流和较大支流的提取精度达到99%，细小支流、沟渠的提取精度为66%，面积较小的水体提取精度为65%；在冬季太阳高度角较低时，SR也能较好地去除阴影。     

Monitoring perchlorate exposure and thyroid hormone status among raccoons inhabiting a perchlorate-contaminated site

Perchlorate is a water soluble anion that is readily accumulated in vegetation. It inhibits uptake of iodide into thyroid gland tissue, thereby reducing production of thyroid hormones. Potential raccoon food items including berries, fish, and vegetation collected at a contaminated site contained quantifiable concentrations of perchlorate as determined by ion chromatography. Therefore, we monitored resident raccoons for exposure to perchlorate by examining plasma perchlorate and thyroid hormone concentrations. Resulting analytical data failed to demonstrate perchlorate exposure among raccoons that likely consumed food items collected along perchlorate-contaminated water bodies. There were no correlations between triiodothyronine or thyroxine and thyroid stimulating hormone concentrations, but triiodothyronine concentrations in raccoon plasma were significantly higher in 2000 than in 2001 (p = 0.0081). These data suggest that natural attenuation and remedial efforts initiated in January of 2001 may have reduced perchlorate exposure among raccoons inhabiting this site from 2000 to 2001. Temporal, spatial, and analytical factors limited our ability to quantify exposure among raccoons, however, our data do not indicate that raccoons currently inhabiting this site are at risk for significant exposure to perchlorate and subsequent effects.     

水污染指数法在河流水质评价中的应用研究

为满足我国水质评价与管理的需要,针对单因子评价法和综合污染指数法在水质评价中存在的问题,提出了水污染指数法。采用该方法对湘江干流2009年的水质状况进行了试评价,并将评价结果与单因子评价法、综合污染指数法、模糊综合评判法以及主成分分析法的评价结果进行了对比。结果表明,水污染指数法在水质类别评价、水质定量评价、主要污染指标识别、劣Ⅴ类水体水质比较等方面均具有明显优势,同时,该方法计算过程简单、易掌握,具有较强的推广、应用价值。