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1.
An evaluation of alternative household solid waste treatment practices using life cycle inventory assessment mode 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Waste disposal is an important part of the life cycle of a product and is associated with environmental burdens like any other
life-cycle stages. In this study, an integrated assessment for solid waste treatment practices, especially household solid
waste, was undertaken to evaluate the impact contribution of household solid waste treatment alternatives towards the sustainable
development by using Life Cycle Inventory Assessment method. A case study has been investigated under various possible scenarios, such as (1) landfill without landfill gas recovery,
(2) landfill with landfill gas recovery and flaring, (3) landfill with landfill gas recovery and electric generation, (4)
composting, and (5) incineration. The evaluation utilized the Life Cycle Inventory Assessment method for multiple assessments based on various aspects, such as greenhouse gas emission/reduction, energy generation/consumption,
economic benefit, investment and operating cost, and land use burden. The results showed that incineration was the most efficient
alternative for greenhouse gas emission reduction, economic benefit, energy recovery, and land use reduction, although it
was identified as the most expensive for investment and operating cost, while composting scenario was also an efficient alternative
with quite economic benefit, low investment and operating cost, and high reduction of land use, although it was identified
as existing greenhouse gas emission and no energy generation. Furthermore, the aim of this study was also to establish localized
assessment methods that waste management agencies, environmental engineers, and environmental policy decision makers can use
to quantify and compare the contribution to the impacts from different waste treatment options. 相似文献
2.
Koji Tokimatsu Eiichi Endo Akinobu Murata Keiichi Okajima Noboru Nomura 《Environmental Modeling and Assessment》2016,21(2):291-305
We developed an integrated assessment (IA) using models for energy systems analysis and life-cycle assessment (LCA). Based on this assessment framework, we developed cost-benefit analysis (CBA) case studies for a hypothetical project designed to introduce advanced fossil-fired power generation technologies in China. Our MARKAL model for Japan confirmed that radical reductions (i.e., 80 % by 2050) of carbon dioxide (CO2) could be attained from energy systems alone and that credit for emission allowances was required. We evaluated life-cycle costs and emissions of carbon dioxide, sulfur oxide, and nitrogen oxide gases for the energy technologies using an LCA model. Further, we applied a power generation planning model for six Chinese grids to provide a power mix structure, potentially producing credit by installing fossil-fired power generation technology and by using baseline grid emission factors with an average cost of electricity. Finally, by using dynamic emission reductions and additional costs from the two models, we conducted case studies of CBA for a hypothetical project to install the technologies in China. This was accomplished by evaluating emission reductions in monetary terms and by applying a life-cycle impact assessment model. A unique feature of our IA is its dynamic (time-varying) assessment of costs and benefits. 相似文献
3.
C. Cosmi V. Cuomo M. Macchiato L. Mangiamele S. Masi M. Salvia 《Environmental Modeling and Assessment》2000,5(1):19-27
Air pollution is one of the most pressing environmental problems which affects likewise urban, industrial and rural areas.
Environmental planners, regulators and decision makers need reliable, scientifically based tools to find out strategies for
controlling air pollution in a cost-effective way, taking into account the whole productive system. In this framework the
basic elements of energy-environmental planning have to be extended to include also waste processing technologies amongst
the usually considered pollution sources. Bottom-up optimizing models, based on linear programming techniques and customized
for specific cases, represent a powerful tool in energy-environmental management. This paper focuses on the integrated modeling
of material flows and energy system performed on a local scale case study (Basilicata Region, Southern Italy) using the linear
programming model IEA-MARKAL. We have evaluated the feasibility of the model in representing the waste management system to
estimate the environmental impact of the waste processing technologies in the context of the whole productive system. A sensitivity
analysis has been carried out to emphasize the connections between tariffs, waste disposal technologies assessment and atmospheric
emissions.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
4.
Glaxo has practiced incineration of liquid and gaseous wastes for over twenty years and currently operate eleven liquid and gas incinerators in the United Kingdom and Singapore. The liquid incinerators burn, as their main streams, those solvents that cannot be recovered and recycled within the processes. The early installations were for readily combustible solvents only. However, there has been a progressive move into the destruction of more difficult and hazardous wastes, with the consequential requirements for more sophisticated technology, in the belief that the responsible destruction of waste should be tackled near to its source. The eventual aim is to be self-sufficient in this area of waste management. The incineration of hazardous liquid and gaseous waste has presented a series of design, operational and monitoring problems into account which have all been successfully overcome. The solutions take into account the environmental consequences of the operations from both liquid and gaseous emissions. In order to ensure minimal environmental impact and safe operation the best practicable technology is employed. Environmental assessment forms part of the process development and permitting procedures.Plenary speaker. 相似文献
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Waste incineration power plants have become the best option in face of the increasing amount of garbage in China's cities. However, constructing waste incineration power plants will cause “not in my backyard” (NIMBY) effect in the public. To identify variables causing this effect and measure the effect quantitatively, we designed and carried out a random survey in four metropolises in China. Of the 3133 questionnaires distributed, 3066 are thought to be effective. Males, persons with higher educational levels, or with higher income, or having underaged children in their families, or thinking their neighborhoods are upscale ones are willing to pay more to avoid the construction of waste incineration power plants in their surroundings than others. In addition, provided that the respondents deem that the construction of waste incineration power plants would have an impact on their lives, they are willing to pay more no matter they own their departments or not. Finally, the estimated willingness to pay (WTP) to avoid the waste incineration power plants is 105 yuan to 133 yuan per month. Hence, the government should treat the NIMBY syndrome well in the construction of waste incineration power plants, with WTP being one perspective to persuade the public. 相似文献
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采用层次分析法对国际上较为成熟的9种POPs废物处置技术进行综合评价,筛选了适合我国POPs废物处置的技术。从经济指标、环境指标和技术指标3个影响因素建立递阶层次结构模型,每个指标又细分为若干个子准则。根据模型及评价指标体系设计专家咨询表,发放给POPs相关领域的专家进行打分。采用matlab对评价结果进行数值分析,得... 相似文献
9.
对某省52家焚烧企业(21家生活垃圾和31家危险废物)排放烟气数据进行了分析,结果表明,两类焚烧企业二噁英类17种单体分布有所不同,生活垃圾焚烧烟气中浓度较高的是O8CDD和O8CDF;危险废物焚烧烟气中较大的是2,3,4,7,8-P5CDF、2,3,7,8-T4CDD和1,2,3,7,8-P5CDD;两类焚烧企业二噁英类单体对I-TEQ贡献最高的都是2,3,4,7,8-P5CDF,贡献率分别为0. 7%~45%和10%~67%;两者的17种二噁英类与I-TEQ的相关性分析表明,1,2,3,7,8-P5CDF在2类焚烧炉中与I-TEQ均存在较高的相关性,其相关系数分别0. 932和0. 927,可以作为潜在的测定指示物。 相似文献