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1.
Waste disposal is an important part of the life cycle of a product and is associated with environmental burdens like any other life-cycle stages. In this study, an integrated assessment for solid waste treatment practices, especially household solid waste, was undertaken to evaluate the impact contribution of household solid waste treatment alternatives towards the sustainable development by using Life Cycle Inventory Assessment method. A case study has been investigated under various possible scenarios, such as (1) landfill without landfill gas recovery, (2) landfill with landfill gas recovery and flaring, (3) landfill with landfill gas recovery and electric generation, (4) composting, and (5) incineration. The evaluation utilized the Life Cycle Inventory Assessment method for multiple assessments based on various aspects, such as greenhouse gas emission/reduction, energy generation/consumption, economic benefit, investment and operating cost, and land use burden. The results showed that incineration was the most efficient alternative for greenhouse gas emission reduction, economic benefit, energy recovery, and land use reduction, although it was identified as the most expensive for investment and operating cost, while composting scenario was also an efficient alternative with quite economic benefit, low investment and operating cost, and high reduction of land use, although it was identified as existing greenhouse gas emission and no energy generation. Furthermore, the aim of this study was also to establish localized assessment methods that waste management agencies, environmental engineers, and environmental policy decision makers can use to quantify and compare the contribution to the impacts from different waste treatment options.  相似文献   

2.
We developed an integrated assessment (IA) using models for energy systems analysis and life-cycle assessment (LCA). Based on this assessment framework, we developed cost-benefit analysis (CBA) case studies for a hypothetical project designed to introduce advanced fossil-fired power generation technologies in China. Our MARKAL model for Japan confirmed that radical reductions (i.e., 80 % by 2050) of carbon dioxide (CO2) could be attained from energy systems alone and that credit for emission allowances was required. We evaluated life-cycle costs and emissions of carbon dioxide, sulfur oxide, and nitrogen oxide gases for the energy technologies using an LCA model. Further, we applied a power generation planning model for six Chinese grids to provide a power mix structure, potentially producing credit by installing fossil-fired power generation technology and by using baseline grid emission factors with an average cost of electricity. Finally, by using dynamic emission reductions and additional costs from the two models, we conducted case studies of CBA for a hypothetical project to install the technologies in China. This was accomplished by evaluating emission reductions in monetary terms and by applying a life-cycle impact assessment model. A unique feature of our IA is its dynamic (time-varying) assessment of costs and benefits.  相似文献   

3.
Air pollution is one of the most pressing environmental problems which affects likewise urban, industrial and rural areas. Environmental planners, regulators and decision makers need reliable, scientifically based tools to find out strategies for controlling air pollution in a cost-effective way, taking into account the whole productive system. In this framework the basic elements of energy-environmental planning have to be extended to include also waste processing technologies amongst the usually considered pollution sources. Bottom-up optimizing models, based on linear programming techniques and customized for specific cases, represent a powerful tool in energy-environmental management. This paper focuses on the integrated modeling of material flows and energy system performed on a local scale case study (Basilicata Region, Southern Italy) using the linear programming model IEA-MARKAL. We have evaluated the feasibility of the model in representing the waste management system to estimate the environmental impact of the waste processing technologies in the context of the whole productive system. A sensitivity analysis has been carried out to emphasize the connections between tariffs, waste disposal technologies assessment and atmospheric emissions. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

4.
Glaxo has practiced incineration of liquid and gaseous wastes for over twenty years and currently operate eleven liquid and gas incinerators in the United Kingdom and Singapore. The liquid incinerators burn, as their main streams, those solvents that cannot be recovered and recycled within the processes. The early installations were for readily combustible solvents only. However, there has been a progressive move into the destruction of more difficult and hazardous wastes, with the consequential requirements for more sophisticated technology, in the belief that the responsible destruction of waste should be tackled near to its source. The eventual aim is to be self-sufficient in this area of waste management. The incineration of hazardous liquid and gaseous waste has presented a series of design, operational and monitoring problems into account which have all been successfully overcome. The solutions take into account the environmental consequences of the operations from both liquid and gaseous emissions. In order to ensure minimal environmental impact and safe operation the best practicable technology is employed. Environmental assessment forms part of the process development and permitting procedures.Plenary speaker.  相似文献   

5.
随着中国城镇化建设进程的不断加快,生活垃圾焚烧行业迅猛发展。在钢铁、焦化以及燃煤电厂等行业已实施超低排放的情况下,推行生活垃圾焚烧行业超低排放,对进一步改善大气环境具有积极意义。国内一些省份和城市已经或者正在制定生活垃圾焚烧行业地方标准,积极推动行业污染物超低排放。笔者结合各地经验,探讨了4种不同技术方式、不同运行成本的超低排放可行性技术路线,为重点区域垃圾焚烧实施超低排放提供参考和依据。  相似文献   

6.
Waste incineration power plants have become the best option in face of the increasing amount of garbage in China's cities. However, constructing waste incineration power plants will cause “not in my backyard” (NIMBY) effect in the public. To identify variables causing this effect and measure the effect quantitatively, we designed and carried out a random survey in four metropolises in China. Of the 3133 questionnaires distributed, 3066 are thought to be effective. Males, persons with higher educational levels, or with higher income, or having underaged children in their families, or thinking their neighborhoods are upscale ones are willing to pay more to avoid the construction of waste incineration power plants in their surroundings than others. In addition, provided that the respondents deem that the construction of waste incineration power plants would have an impact on their lives, they are willing to pay more no matter they own their departments or not. Finally, the estimated willingness to pay (WTP) to avoid the waste incineration power plants is 105 yuan to 133 yuan per month. Hence, the government should treat the NIMBY syndrome well in the construction of waste incineration power plants, with WTP being one perspective to persuade the public.  相似文献   

7.
危险废物焚烧处置项目竣工环境保护验收监测要点   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
对危险废物焚烧处置项目竣工环境保护验收监测中尚需明确的要点进行了剖析,并从入炉危废种类及比例、焚烧量的控制、助燃剂加入量、空气过剩系统的把握,以及安全管理检查要点等方面,提出相应的解决办法。  相似文献   

8.
采用层次分析法对国际上较为成熟的9种POPs废物处置技术进行综合评价,筛选了适合我国POPs废物处置的技术。从经济指标、环境指标和技术指标3个影响因素建立递阶层次结构模型,每个指标又细分为若干个子准则。根据模型及评价指标体系设计专家咨询表,发放给POPs相关领域的专家进行打分。采用matlab对评价结果进行数值分析,得...  相似文献   

9.
对某省52家焚烧企业(21家生活垃圾和31家危险废物)排放烟气数据进行了分析,结果表明,两类焚烧企业二噁英类17种单体分布有所不同,生活垃圾焚烧烟气中浓度较高的是O8CDD和O8CDF;危险废物焚烧烟气中较大的是2,3,4,7,8-P5CDF、2,3,7,8-T4CDD和1,2,3,7,8-P5CDD;两类焚烧企业二噁英类单体对I-TEQ贡献最高的都是2,3,4,7,8-P5CDF,贡献率分别为0. 7%~45%和10%~67%;两者的17种二噁英类与I-TEQ的相关性分析表明,1,2,3,7,8-P5CDF在2类焚烧炉中与I-TEQ均存在较高的相关性,其相关系数分别0. 932和0. 927,可以作为潜在的测定指示物。  相似文献   

10.
垃圾焚烧飞灰中二噁英类的研究概况   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
随着垃圾焚烧技术的推广应用,焚烧产生的污染越来越受关注,本文介绍了二噁英的检测方法、垃圾焚烧飞灰中二噁英的分布、影响因素及飞灰的处置和综合利用技术研究概况。  相似文献   

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