濮阳工业园区土壤重金属背景值及质量评价

为了研究濮阳工业园区土壤重金属背景值,采集了该园区及周边土壤46个样品,测定了土壤中重金属Cu、Zn、Pb、Cr、Cd和Ni的含量,并采用污染负荷指数法和潜在生态危害指数法对土壤质量进行了评价。结果表明:工业园区土壤中Cu、Zn、Pb、Cr、Cd、Ni的背景值分别为36.2、118、49.2、40.6、0.125、15.3 mg/kg;Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd的含量高于河南省土壤重金属背景值;Pb为极强污染,Cu、Zn、Cd为中等污染,重金属污染程度从重到轻的排序为PbZnCuCd,表明濮阳工业园区土壤重金属具有轻微的潜在生态危害。     

海南八门湾沿岸表层沉积物重金属分布特征及污染评价

通过在海南八门湾内布设15个调查站位,监测分析表层沉积物中重金属分布、污染来源及潜在生态风险。结果表明,研究区表层沉积物中Cu、Pb、Zn、Cr、Cd、Hg和As平均值分别为19.78 mg/kg、5.94 mg/kg、36.27 mg/kg、15.99 mg/kg、0.18 mg/kg、0.04 mg/kg和6.82 mg/kg;Pb、Cr及Zn,Cu与Cd、As可能具有相同或相似污染源;重金属污染程度以轻微生态危害为主,其次为中等生态危害及强生态危害;重金属Cd与Hg为主要潜在生态危害因子,潜在生态风险由高到低依次为CdHgAsCuPbZnCr。     

渭河陕西段表层沉积物重金属污染特征及潜在风险

为了解渭河陕西段表层沉积物重金属的污染特征，采用ICP-MS分析了13个采样断面表层沉积物中As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Mn、Ni、Pb和Zn 8种重金属的含量，并对其来源和生态风险进行了评价。结果表明：渭河陕西段8种重金属的平均含量顺序依次为Mn > Zn > Cr > Cu > Ni > Pb > As > Cd；除Ni外的其余7种重金属的平均含量均超过陕西省A层土壤背景值。各断面表层沉积物重金属的潜在生态风险指数（RI）介于111.4~7 043.7，其中23.1%的断面有极强生态风险，46.2%的断面为中等生态风险，其余为轻微生态风险。Cd污染最为严重，对各断面的潜在生态风险介于较强生态风险与极强生态风险之间，对RI的贡献平均为85.2%；其余7种重金属在所有断面均属于轻微生态危害。渭河陕西段表层沉积物As、Cd、Cu和Zn主要为工业与农业来源；Cr和Ni主要为自然来源；Pb和Mn与城市污水和交通污染来源有关。     

南京市某垃圾填埋场重金属污染现状调查

对南京市某垃圾填埋场的垃圾、土壤、植物、炉渣等样品中Cu、Pb、Cr、Zn、Cd、Hg、As、Sb、Mn重金属含量进行分析。结果表明，垃圾填埋场的填埋土中Cu、Zn、As3种重金属含量分别高出自然土壤背景值86％、250％，300％。潜在生态危害指数法评价的污染状况为：Cd、As〉Hg〉Cu〉Pb〉Cr、Zn；Cd和As的毒性贡献较大，存在极高的潜在生态风险。     

某铀尾矿库周围农田土壤重金属污染潜在生态风险评价

为能够定量评价铀尾矿库周围农田土壤重金属污染程度及其潜在生态危害性,采用Hakanson潜在生态风险指数法对土壤中重金属进行综合污染评价。结果表明,铀尾矿库周围部分农田土壤中重金属Cd、Ni、As、Cu、Hg、Zn含量存在积累和超标情况,尤以Cd的污染最严重,Ni、As次之;Pb、Cr含量能够满足标准限值要求。潜在生态风险评价结果显示,铀尾矿库周围农田土壤重金属潜在生态风险较高,主要潜在生态风险因子为Cd,其次是Hg、As,Cr、Pb、Ni、Cu、Zn并不构成潜在生态风险。铀尾矿库周围农田土壤中较高水平的Cd在构成环境污染的同时,也构成了较严重的生态危害,应加强对重金属Cd、Hg的生态风险防治。     

银叶真藓(Bryum argenteum)监测黔滇高速公路重金属污染的研究

通过采集G60高速公路贵阳—昆明段自然分布的银叶真藓(Bryum argenteum),监测其中Zn、Cd、Cu、Cr和Pb的含量,并采用污染因子和主成分分析方法研究重金属污染程度及来源。结果表明:研究路段银叶真藓中的重金属含量由高到低依次为Zn Cu Cr Pb Cd,Zn和Cu质量比平均值分别为1 060 mg/kg和102 mg/kg,明显高于对照点。主成分分析表明,重金属Zn、Cu、Pb和Cd可能来源于交通污染,而Cr来源于其他污染源。污染因子分析表明,重金属Zn污染最严重,Cu总体属于重度污染,Cr和Cd属于中度污染,Pb总体污染较低。     

乌鲁木齐市米东污灌区农田土壤重金属污染评价

对米东污灌区农田土壤重金属含量进行监测分析,利用不同的评价方法和标准对土壤重金属的环境质量进行评价。结果表明:米东污灌区农田土壤重金属含量分别为Cd(0.12±0.06)mg/kg,Cu(40.43±5.30)mg/kg,Zn(78.38±11.04)mg/kg,Pb(11.66±11.79)mg/kg,Ni(20.24±8.05)mg/kg,Cr(75.81±8.05)mg/kg。以国家土壤环境质量标准(二级)为标准评价,各元素的污染指数排序为Cu>Ni>Cr>Zn>Cd>Pb,综合污染指数为0.337,污染程度为安全。以食用农产品产地土壤环境质量要求为标准评价,各元素的污染指数排序为Cu>Ni>Cr>Zn>Cd>Pb,综合污染指数为0.343,污染程度为安全。表明米东污灌区农田土壤重金属含量尚能达到食用农产品产地土壤环境质量要求。Pb、Cu、Zn的平均含量超过乌鲁木齐市土壤背景值,这说明污灌区土壤重金属Pb、Cu、Zn近年来已有所累积,存在一定的污染风险。     

贵州某流域城市河段沉积物及悬浮物重金属污染研究

通过在丰水期对贵州省某流域城市河段悬浮物和沉积物中的重金属含量进行测定，运用单因子指数法、生态风险评价法、因子分析法，初步探讨了该河段Cu、Zn、Pb、Hg、Cd、Cr、Ni及As等8种重金属元素的含量分布、污染特征、潜在生态风险及主要来源。检测结果显示，沉积物和悬浮物中Hg、Cd、Zn、Pb、As的平均含量较高，是贵州省土壤背景值的1.02～16.97倍。单因子指数评价结果表明：在沉积物中，Zn、Pb、As为轻度污染，Hg和Cd为重度污染；在悬浮物中，Cu、Pb、As为轻度污染，Zn为中度污染，Hg和Cd为重度污染。潜在生态风险指数评价结果显示，Hg和Cd的生态风险最大，为主要污染元素。研究区沉积物样品综合生态风险指数(RI)介于183.27～1 393.96,平均值为912.06,总体处于严重生态风险等级；悬浮物样品RI值介于341.53～612.38,平均值为436.85,总体处于重度生态风险等级。其中，沉积物样品重金属平均生态风险等级高于悬浮物样品，支流样品重金属生态风险等级总体上低于干流下游样品。根据因子分析法分析结果，初步推测沉积物及悬浮物Hg、Cd、Cr、Ni含量主要受工...     

搬迁企业原址土壤重金属分布特征及其生态风险评价

江苏省某城市由于规划发展的需要,陆续搬迁了一批高污染的化工企业。现调查发现其中一家化工厂原厂址存在严重的重金属污染问题,现采集多个表层土壤样品,对样品中的多种重金属(Pb,Cu,Cr,Ni,Zn和Cd)的总量进行分析测试,发现搬迁区土壤重金属累积效应显著,除Zn和Ni外,其它重金属平均含量均超过其背景值,其中Cd的含量是其背景值的324倍,Pb是背景值的1.8倍。重金属的富集顺序为PbCrZnCdCuNi.不同功能区各种重金属的平均含量均不同,其中仅以绿地重金属累积最少,生产区、排放区和设备维修区累积较为严重,为高浓度污染区。生产活动和处理排放已成为影响研究区土壤环境质量的主要因素;研究区土壤具有极强的重金属污染潜在生态危害,其中Cd为极强潜在生态危害。所以,该企业搬迁区土壤重金属积累显著,Pb,Cd和Cr将是该企业原址厂土壤的重点污染物,需要重点控制和修复。     

长沙市某集中式饮用水水源地周边土壤重金属污染特征和风险评价

以长沙某河库兼用型饮用水水源地一、二级保护区土壤为研究对象，于2018年8月采用网格布点法在一级和二级保护区分别布设3个和7个采样点，在水源地历史采样区布设5个采样点，探究土壤中Cd、Pb、Cr、Cu、Zn、Ni、Hg、As的含量分布及污染水平。结果表明：土壤中As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Hg、Ni、Pb、Zn的含量均值分别为46.56、4.90、81.87、46.64、0.19、30.11、75.11、237.93 mg/kg。重金属元素含量均值超过农用地污染风险筛选值的样品占比排序为Cd （86.7%）>Zn （60%）>As （53.3%）>Cu （6.7%）=Pb （6.7%）。土壤中As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Hg、Ni、Pb、Zn的单因子污染指数分别为1.55、16.34、0.41、0.47、0.08、0.30、0.63、0.95，主要为Cd、As污染。研究区土壤重金属综合污染指数为11.71，属重污染等级。水源地一级保护区、二级保护区、历史采样区2018年、历史采样区2014年土壤重金属综合污染指数分别为20.41、14.94、1.98、1.17。后期应加强对该饮用水水源地土壤中Cd、Pb、Cu、Zn、As的污染控制和治理。     

Soil Contamination Due to Heavy Metals from an Industrial Area of Surat, Gujarat, Western India

The pollution of soil is a source of danger to the health of people, even to those living in cities. The anthropogenic pollution caused by heavy industries enters plants then goes through the food chain and ultimately endangers human health. In the context, the knowledge of the regional variability, the background values and anthropogenic vs. natural origin of potentially harmful elements in soils is of critical importance to assess human impact. The present study was undertaken on soil contamination in Surat, Gujarat (India). The aims of the study were: i) to determine extent and distribution of heavy metals (Ba, Cu, Cr, Co, Ni, Sr, V and Zn) ii) to find out the large scale variability, iii) to delineate the source as geogenic or anthropogenic based on the distribution maps and correlation of metals in soils. Soil samples were collected from the industrial area of Surat from top 10 cm layer of the soil. These samples were analysed for heavy metals by using Philips PW 2440 X-ray fluorescence spectrometer. The data reveal that soils in the area are significantly contaminated, showing higher levels of toxic elements than normal distribution. The heavy metal loads of the soils in the study area are 471.7 mg/kg for Ba, 137.5 mg/kg for Cu, 305.2 mg/kg for Cr, 51.3 mg/kg for Co, 79.0 mg/kg for Ni, 317.9 mg/kg for Sr, 380.6 mg/kg for V and 139.0 mg/kg for Zn. The higher concentrations of these toxic metals in soils need to be monitored regularly for heavy metal enrichment.     

Heavy metal concentration in deepwater rose shrimp species (Parapenaeus longirostris,Lucas, 1846) collected from the Marmara Sea Coast in Tekirdağ

Zn, Cd, Cr, Hg, As (total), Cu, Pb, and Ni levels of the deepwater rose shrimp (Parapenaeus longirostris, Lucas 1846), which were collected from the Tekirda? coast of the Marmara Sea, were evaluated. The Marmara Sea is the recipient of discharges from both land-based sources and the Black Sea Bosphorus stream. There are large numbers of anthropogenic activities in the coastal region of the northern Marmara Sea that include urban effluent, discharges from touristic resorts, agricultural runoff, fishing, and transportation. Heavy metal contamination of water resources may cause critical health problems for the people living around these water bodies. In deepwater rose shrimp (P. longirostris), the highest concentration level detected for Zn was 22.4?±?24.4 mg/kg in winter 2012, Cd 0.106?±?0.01 mg/kg in summer 2012, Cr 0.77?±?0.05 mg/kg in winter 2012, Hg 0.18?±?0.04 mg/kg in summer 2011, As 9.93?±?1.4 mg/kg in spring 2012, Cu 25.48?±?0.3 mg/kg in winter 2012, Pb 2.12?±?0.8 mg/kg in spring, and Ni 19.25?±?7.1 mg/kg in spring. The values of heavy metal analysis were compared to both the Turkish Food Codex (TFC) limits and international standards for human consumption. The Pb, As, and Cu levels were found to be higher than the maximum allowable limits.     

Variation of heavy metal and micro and macro element concentrations of bread and durum wheats and their relationship in grain of Turkish wheat cultivars

The 64 varieties displayed a large variation for all mineral elements, investigated Fe, Mn and Zn, ranging from 24.2 to 43.1 mg/kg, 27.6 to 64.8 mg/kg and 10.4 to 38.2 mg/kg, respectively. The mean Ca, K, Mg, Na, P and S concentrations in wheat rain varieties amounted to 378, 4,266, 1,183, 317, 3,513 and 1,542 mg/kg, respectively. Ca, K, Mg, Na, P and S contents of wheat varieties changed at the levels between 266 and 531 mg/kg, 3,029 and 5,566 mg/kg, 972 and 1,525 mg/kg, 277 and 368 mg/kg, 2,422 and 4,610 mg/kg and 1,241 to 2,052 mg/kg, respectively. The concentrations of Al, Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn of durum wheat samples were found at high levels. The mean Al, Cr, Mo, Ni, Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn concentrations in durum wheat varieties amounted to 10.93, 0.47, 0.72, 0.72, 5.37, 34.9, 37.28 and 20.88 mg/kg, respectively.     

Heavy metal contamination of urban soils and dusts in Guangzhou, South China

The heavy metal concentrations of soil and dust samples from roadside, residential areas, parks, campus sport grounds, and commercial sites were studied in Guangzhou, South China. Heavy metals in samples were determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrophotometer following acidic digestion with HClO₄ + HF + HNO₃. High concentrations, especially of Cd, Pb, and Zn, were found with mean concentrations of Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn in the urban dusts being 4.22?±?1.21, 62.2?±?27.1, 116?±?30, 31.9?±?12.6, 72.6?±?17.9, and 504?±?191 mg/kg dry weight, respectively. The respective levels in urban soils (0.23?±?0.19, 22.4?±?13.8, 41.6?±?29.4, 11.1?±?5.3, 65.4?±?40.2, and 277?±?214 mg/kg dry weight, respectively), were significantly lower. The integrated pollution index of six metals varied from 0.25 to 3.4 and from 2.5 to 8.4 in urban soils and dusts, respectively, with 61 % of urban soil samples being classified as moderately to highly polluted and all dust samples being classified as highly polluted. The statistical analysis results for the urban dust showed good agreement between principal component analysis and cluster analysis, but distinctly different elemental associations and clustering patterns were observed among heavy metals in the urban soils. The results of multivariate statistic analysis indicated that Cr and Ni concentrations were mainly of natural origin, while Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn were derived from anthropogenic activities.     

Trace metal concentrations in tidal flat coastal sediments, Yamaguchi Prefecture, southwest Japan

Geochemical investigations of tidal flat coastal sediments at Ogori, Ozuki, and Kasado in Yamaguchi Bay of southwest Japan were conducted to determine their metal concentrations and to assess contamination levels, compared with sediment quality guidelines (SQG) and several pollutant indicators. Selected major oxides, trace elements, and total sulfur (TS) were determined by X-ray fluorescence. pH values of most samples were alkaline, indicating anoxic conditions. Average abundances of As, Pb, Zn, Cu, Ni, and Cr in Ozuki sediments were 11, 27, 109, 21, 19, and 52 mg/kg, respectively, compared to 9, 29, 80, 16, 18, and 42 mg/kg at Ogori and 12, 27, 151, 34, 30 and 80 mg/kg at Kasado, respectively. Average concentrations of As, Zn, and Cu in all samples and TiO(2), Fe(2)O(3), and P(2)O(5) at Kasado were greater than those of the upper continental crust. Contamination levels were assessed based on SQG, contamination factors (CF), pollution load index (PLI), enrichment factor (EF), and index of geoaccumulation (Igeo). According to the SQG of the US EPA, the sediments were heavily polluted with respect to As, whereas Zn, Cu, Ni, and Cr were classed as moderately polluted. The elevated CF values of As, Pb, and Zn identify moderate to considerable contamination, indicating that these metals are potentially toxic in the study area. Based on PLI and EF, the study sites are moderate to moderately severe polluted with As and Pb, moderately polluted with Zn, and weakly contaminated to noncontaminated with Cu, Ni, and Cr. The highest Igeo values for As, Pb, and Zn in the surface and core sediments reflected the tendency of metal contamination that seems to be related to their fine-grained nature, organic matter-rich sediments, and anthropogenic point sources. Trace metal contents were strongly correlated with Fe(2)O(3) and TiO(2), suggesting that Fe oxyhydroxides and detrital clastic load play a role in controlling abundances in the study area.     

菏泽市不同类型村庄土壤主要无机元素的监测与评价

为揭示土壤主要无机元素积累成因,制定科学防控措施,以菏泽市养殖型、蔬菜型、粮食型、工业型4种类型村庄为研究对象,分析了11个典型村庄8种土壤主要无机元素含量、分布特征及污染风险。结果表明,土壤镉、汞、砷、铅、铬、铜、镍、锌的质量分数分别为0. 01～0. 53、0. 002～0. 145、5. 51～15. 20、17. 6～75. 8、14. 5～69. 9、13. 3～33. 8、18. 8～46. 9、41. 5～96. 4 mg/kg。蔬菜型村庄镉、汞、铅元素含量最高;粮食型村庄铬、铜、镍含量最高;养殖型村庄砷、锌元素含量最高;工业型村庄铬、铜、镍元素含量较高,其余元素的含量都较低。各主要无机元素平均值均未超过农用地土壤污染筛选值,但除汞外,均超过了黄河故道区域土壤环境背景值,尤以镉最显著。     

Accumulation and health risk assessment of trace elements in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Carassius auratus gibelio</Emphasis> from subsidence pools in the Huainan coalfield in China

Microelement (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn) concentrations were determined in the muscle, skin, gill, and liver tissues of Carassius auratus gibelio collected from subsidence pools at three different coal mines in the Huainan coalfield in China. The concentrations of elements in the water were within the allowable levels for raising fish. However, the higher levels of these metals in sediment may pose potential harm on fish. It was found that the concentrations of Cr, Ni, and Zn in all fish tissues were higher, while As, Cd, and Pb levels were relatively low. Microelement accumulation appeared to be more widespread in subsidence pools than that in natural water. Elements accumulated in fish tissues differently: the highest metal concentrations were generally found in the liver tissues of the fish analyzed, whereas the lowest were recorded in the muscles. The mean element concentrations in muscle tissue from C. auratus gibelio collected from subsidence pools (As, 0.16 mg/kg; Cd, 0.06 mg/kg; Cr, 6.21 mg/kg; Cu, 1.61 mg/kg; Ni, 3.88 mg/kg; Pb, 1.76 mg/kg; and Zn, 12.80 mg/kg dry weight) were far below the allowable limit of the hygienic standard in fish proposed by the Ministry of Health in China, suggesting that the fish were safe for human consumption. A health risk assessment also suggested there was no risk from the analyzed elements for inhabitants near the Huainan coalfield that consume fish.     

Biological monitoring of atmospheric trace metal deposition in North-Eastern Nigeria

The epiphytic moss Polytrichum juniperinum and the tree bark of Azardirachta indica were used to determine the atmospheric Cd, Cu, Pb, Mn, Fe, Ni and Zn levels in the North-East region of Nigeria. A good correlation exists between levels in the moss and the tree barks. The Pb, Zn and Fe levels in both sample types were higher than other metals in most sites. There was no significant difference in the levels of Cd, Cu, Ni and Mn recorded for inhabited and forest sites. The area derives its atmospheric metal contamination from vehicular, urban, industrial and agricultural sources.