共查询到18条相似文献,搜索用时 171 毫秒
1.
2.
3.
土壤重金属含量测定不同消解方法比较研究 总被引:19,自引:1,他引:18
消解是影响土壤重金属测定结果准确性的关键步骤.比较电热板消解、微波消解和全自动石墨消解3种消解方法的操作流程,同时对不同类型土壤样品中Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd、Cr、Ni 6种元素含量进行对比测定,结果表明,电热板消解设备简单,但步骤繁锁,操作不当易造成组分损失;微波消解速度快,测定结果精密性和准确性较好,但仍需人工赶酸程序且罐位少,不适合大批量样品分析;全自动石墨消解不仅测定结果精密性和准确性较好,而且自动化程度高,可实现无人值守,大大节省人力,尤其适合大批量样品的分析. 相似文献
4.
水中汞监测存在的问题与解决办法 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
利用中日合作 (JICA)项目资金 ,对测定地表水中汞存在的主要问题 ,如水样的保存和处理 ,水样的消解 ,测汞的冷原子吸收法和原子荧光法等进行了研究。通过对 33个环境监测站的样品考核 ,发现测定结果与标准值相比 ,偏高的数据达 75 %以上。提出了用 1%H2 SO4 和 0 1%K2 Cr2 O7保存水样最好 ;高锰酸钾 -过硫酸钾消解法适用于消解含有机物、悬浮物和组成复杂的废水样 ,高锰酸钾 -硫酸消解法适用于消解被有机物轻度污染的废水 ,溴酸钾 -溴化钾消解法适用于消解地表水和含较少有机物的生活污水及工业废水。研究表明 :尤以硫酸 -高锰酸钾 -过硫酸钾消解体系消解地表水和废水效果良好。对冷原子吸收法和原子荧光法中影响汞测定的因素 ,如空白值高、干扰物的消除、载气种类和流量、反应瓶体积和气液比以及反应时间等提出了详尽的解决方法 相似文献
5.
用微波消解-原子吸收光度法测定土壤中铜,锌,铅,镉,镍和铬。通过硝酸-氢氟酸-过氧化氢体系消解液对土壤样品消解,选择出微波最佳消解条件。对硝酸-盐酸-过氧化氢体系消解液和硝酸-氢氟酸-过氧化氢体系消解液进行消解对比试验,发现前者不能将土壤样品完全消解,后者能将样品消解完全,但需将消解液中剩余的酸赶尽,否则测定结果将明显偏低。微波消解土壤与传统电热消解相比,操作简便快速,可提高工作效率。 相似文献
6.
高压密闭消解土壤砷、汞、铅、镉酸体系比较 总被引:5,自引:1,他引:4
采用高压密闭消解系统消解土壤,氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法(HG-AFS)测定As和Hg,石墨炉原子吸收光度法(GF-AAS)测定Pb和Cd,对比了不同消解酸体系对国家土壤标准参考样中As、Hg、Pb、Cd的消解效果。结果表明,盐酸-硝酸体系对As、Hg、Pb和Cd的消解平均回收率分别为26.1%、100.6%、69.7%、87.3%;硝酸-高氯酸-氢氟酸体系中As、Hg、Pb和Cd消解平均回收率分别为109.9%、84.7%、87.5%、90.1%;硝酸-双氧水体系对Hg、Pb、Cd消解平均回收率分别为104.8%、95.1%、93.3%,对As的回收率虽只有69.2%,但数据精密度最好。此外,从简化试验步骤,减少误差,提高检测效率及减少试验危险性等方面综合评价,认为硝酸-双氧水消解体系是采用高压密闭系统消解土壤重金属的最理想酸体系。 相似文献
7.
大部分池塘养殖尾水中总氮、总磷质量浓度偏高,测定过程中需要对样品进行稀释,耗时较长且影响准确度。实验室分析时,通常采用过硫酸钾对尾水样品进行消解,其配置过程对温度要求较高,易析出晶体,且耗时较长。而过硫酸钠易溶于水,受温度影响较小,易配制。因此,分别采用上述2种过硫酸盐消解液对样品进行消解并同时测定总氮、总磷的质量浓度,比较2种消解方式对校准曲线、加标回收率、养殖尾水实际样品测定的影响。结果表明,等质量或等物质的量的过硫酸钠消解液均能满足总氮、总磷的消解要求,且后者消解样品无须改变氢氧化钠的加入量和调整pH值,即可达到同等消解效果。因此,可采用等物质的量的过硫酸钠代替过硫酸钾同时消解养殖尾水中的总氮、总磷。 相似文献
8.
试验了家用微波炉消解、快速测定污水中COD的方法,讨论了消解功率、消解时间、Cl-干扰等因素对测定的影响,确定了最佳试验条件.当消解功率为850 W、消解时间为5 min时,方法精密度和准确度良好,RSD≤5.3%,加标回收率为100%~102%,与标准回流法测定结果的相对误差<5%. 相似文献
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
采用常规酸消化方法分解锑渣和铋渣固体废弃物试样.处理后的消解液直接用ICP—AES法同时测定了Cu、Ph、Mn、Cr、Ni、和Zn等多种重金属元素。方法的精密度和准确度较好,适合于常规固体环境样品的分析。 相似文献
14.
15.
16.
The oxidation of sulphidic mine tailings and consequent acid generation poses challenges for the environment. Accurate and
precise analysis of sulphur content is necessary for impact assessment and management of mine tailings. Here, the authors
aim at developing a rapid and easy digestion procedure, which may analyse and measure the total amount of sulphur in mine
tailings by using inductively coupled plasma. For evaluating effects of several variables, the researchers used a univariate
(analysis of variance (ANOVA)) strategy and considered factors such as composition of the acid mixture, heating time, and
refluxing device to optimize the performance. To do the experiment, the researchers have used two certified reference materials
(KZK-1 and RTS-2) and samples of tailings from Musselwhite mine. ANOVA result shows that heating time is the most influencing
factor on acid digestion of the reference materials whereas in case of a digestion of tailings sample, hydrochloric acid proved
to be the most significant parameter. Satisfactory results between the measured and referenced values are found for all experiments.
It is found that the aqua regia (1 ml HNO3 + 3 ml HCl) digestion of 0.1 g of samples after only 40 min of heating at 95°C produced fast, safe, and accurate analytical
results with a recovery of 97% for the selected reference materials. 相似文献
17.
James P. Brady Godwin A. Ayoko Wayde N. Martens Ashantha Goonetilleke 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2015,187(5):306
Heavy metal pollution of sediments is a growing concern in most parts of the world, and numerous studies focussed on identifying contaminated sediments by using a range of digestion methods and pollution indices to estimate sediment contamination have been described in the literature. The current work provides a critical review of the more commonly used sediment digestion methods and identifies that weak acid digestion is more likely to provide guidance on elements that are likely to be bioavailable than other traditional methods of digestion. This work also reviews common pollution indices and identifies the Nemerow Pollution Index as the most appropriate method for establishing overall sediment quality. Consequently, a modified Pollution Index that can lead to a more reliable understanding of whole sediment quality is proposed. This modified pollution index is then tested against a number of existing studies and demonstrated to give a reliable and rapid estimate of sediment contamination and quality. 相似文献
18.
Antimony speciation in terrestrial plants. Comparative studies on extraction methods 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Miravet R Bonilla E López-Sánchez JF Rubio R 《Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM》2005,7(12):1207-1213
A suitable method for the extraction of antimony species from plant materials prior to IC-HG-AFS analysis is presented. The extraction efficiency with different extraction systems using various aqueous and aqueous/solvent mixtures was initially evaluated by analysing the Virginia Tobacco Leaves Certified Reference Material. The concentration of antimony extracted was compared with the total antimony content in the plant material measured by HG-AFS after focused microwave-acidic digestion using HNO3 and H2O2. The proposed extraction procedures were applied to antimony speciation in several plants from a natural terrestrial environment impacted by mining activities. End-over-end agitation (4 h) followed by sonication (1 h) extraction using 0.1 mol l(-1) citric acid was found to provide the best extraction efficiency while also giving reliable speciation information. Both inorganic and methylantimony species were found in the extractable portion of some terrestrial plants. 相似文献