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1.
盐酸付玫瑰苯胺比色法测定空气中的二氧化硫时,用四氯汞钾作吸收剂,每升废液中约有7.3克氯化汞排入环境,造成环境污染。因此,含汞废液中回收氯化汞,重新应用于空气中二氧化硫含量的测定,变废为利,可减少汞废液对环境的污染。S.aslam等人在废液中加入硫化亚铁,使硫化  相似文献   

2.
湖南省涉汞行业汞污染现状及防治监管对策   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0       下载免费PDF全文
综述了环境中汞污染的来源及其危害,结合湖南省汞污染排放源现状调查,摸清了湖南省主要涉汞行业的基本情况。为有效进行汞污染的防治和监管,提出了加快工业结构转型、加强汞污染源信息管理、进一步提高涉汞行业的准入条件、逐步推进重点行业的汞减排等具体措施和建议。  相似文献   

3.
科技日报消息受到汞污染的环境对人和许多生物都有害,但一项新研究显示,用转基因技术培育的一种细菌,不仅可在含高浓度汞的环境中存活,还能清除汞,减少污染。  相似文献   

4.
水生生态系统的汞污染及其引发的甲基汞在生物体内聚集是全球重要的环境问题。汞污染的主要机理是大气汞的迁移,研究冰川中总汞的质量浓度,能很好地揭示大气汞沉降的历史记录。对怀俄明州(Wyoming)弗里蒙特冰川上游(the UpperFremont Glacier,UFG)冰芯的研究,显示了近270年自然源与人为源的大气汞释放。  相似文献   

5.
结合当地气象条件,测定贵州省东部某燃煤电厂下风向环境空气汞浓度分布情况,同时测定该燃煤电厂周边表层土壤中汞含量,并对其污染程度进行评价,探讨了土壤汞与理化性质间的相关性。结果表明,该燃煤电厂下风向环境空气汞浓度远高于北半球大气气态总汞背景值,空气汞浓度在2.7 km范围内随距离的增大而增大,在2.7~5.0 km范围内汞浓度随距离的增大而减小。电厂周边表层土壤汞含量是贵州省A层土壤Hg背景值的8.5倍,存在中度到重度程度的污染,土壤Hg与土壤pH呈正相关性,但与土壤有机质未表现出相关性。  相似文献   

6.
简述汞污染和控制问题成为环境问题的新热点和前沿研究领域,介绍中国燃煤电厂烟气汞监测试点的基本情况。分析江苏省7家燃煤电厂煤中汞及烟气中汞排放水平,提出利用现有的除尘、脱硫、脱硝设施,能满足《火电厂大气污染物排放标准》中汞的排放限值要求。  相似文献   

7.
汞污染具有生物积累性,因而得到社会广泛关注。研究监测和评估了郑州市城区土壤和绿色植物叶片中汞浓度、分布、污染水平等。研究发现郑州市主城区土壤总汞浓度为0. 150~0. 958 mg/kg,平均浓度为0. 448 mg/kg;郑州市主城区绿色植物叶片总汞浓度为0. 017~0. 249 mg/kg,平均浓度为0. 107 mg/kg;土壤和叶片中汞浓度按功能区排序为交通枢纽区工业区商业区行政区高教区住宅区。采用地累积指数法对郑州市80个土壤样品的汞污染水平进行评估,结果显示60%受到轻度污染,35%受到偏中度污染,5%受到中度污染。研究较为全面地分析了土壤汞污染的现状及浓度,为郑州市土壤汞污染防治提供参考。  相似文献   

8.
很多实验室对冷原子荧光测汞仪的废气处理不予重视,从而造成自身的污染。其实,只需在测汞仪的尾气出口处接上两级吸收瓶,就能有效地吸收废气中的汞蒸汽,从而可避免排出的废气中的汞不致污染环境。  相似文献   

9.
两次金汞齐—冷原子吸收光谱法测定大气中的痕量气态总汞   总被引:10,自引:2,他引:10  
本文作者在已有仪器的基础上进行简单改装,建立了两次金汞齐—冷原子吸收光谱法测定大气中的微量气态总汞的方法。研究表明,这种方法最低检出限为0.05ng;100μl饱和汞蒸气连续测定结果表明其相对标准偏差<1.41%。在0~2.0ng汞量范围内标准工作曲线线性关系良好。运用该法,对贵州省万山汞矿、丹寨汞矿、清镇汞污染农田、省农科院和中国科学院地球化学研究所等地大气气态总汞进行了测定。这种分析方法还可以运用到其它环境样品微量汞的测定。  相似文献   

10.
安徽某燃煤电厂周边土壤汞分布特征及风险评价   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1  
结合当地气象条件,采集了安徽某燃煤电厂周边地区的土壤,采用冷原子吸收法测定其汞含量,应用地统计学和地理信息系统方法分析了电厂周边表层土壤汞含量的空间分布特性,分析了土壤中汞与理化性质之间的相关性,并进行了风险评价。结果表明,电厂周边表层土壤汞含量范围为0.015~0.076 mg/kg,平均值为0.029 mg/kg,虽未超过国家允许的标准,但与当地背景值及安徽省土壤汞含量相比均有一定程度的增加;土壤汞含量的总体分布特征为除距排放源1~2 km的环形区域受影响最大外,污染程度随着与电厂距离的增大而递减,汞含量空间分布受主导风向影响呈现明显的条带分布。相比于单因子污染指数法和地累积指数法,潜在生态危害指数评价法能更好地反映燃煤电厂周围土壤中汞的污染水平和生态风险程度。土壤汞含量与土壤理化性质之间存在不同程度的相关性。  相似文献   

11.
重庆市菜地土壤和蔬菜中Hg、Pb的污染特征及相关性分析   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
通过对重庆市菜地土壤和蔬菜 Hg、Pb的含量分析 ,发现土壤 Hg含量远远大于背景值 ,并且土壤 Hg的含量与菜地周围的环境密切相关 ;土壤 Pb的含量同背景值相差不大。Hg、Pb在土壤和蔬菜中的污染特征表现为主城区 >近郊区 >远郊区 ;并且不同蔬菜品种中 Hg、Pb的含量差异较大 ,在不同蔬菜种类表现为叶菜类 >果菜类 >根菜类。相关性分析表明同一菜地土壤和蔬菜中 Hg、Pb含量无相关性 ;不同菜地土壤和蔬菜 Hg、Pb含量不具有相关性。  相似文献   

12.
Monitoring of impacts of floods in river valleys of dryland regions has become important with the onset and threats of desertification and is likely to become even more vital with predictions of increased effects of climate and land use change. It is also needed in order to conform to requirements of the EU Water Framework Directive. Monitoring in such regions sets particular challenges. This paper explains a system of low-cost monitoring of changes in morphology, vegetation and sediment cover in channels and valley floors of ephemerally flowing streams. It has been applied in SE Spain for 10 years and has proved very effective. In particular, the use of simple crest-stage recorders for measuring flow height and the use of real-time differential GPS for rapid and accurate survey and for relocating points have proved very valuable. Part of the monitoring is focused on the interaction of plants and channel processes. Small changes in and around vegetation associated with flow events have been detected by a combination of quadrat surveys and cross-profiling of the channel. A range of flow events has been measured over the period of monitoring, demonstrating their differing effects and the varying sensitivity and responsiveness of different sites. The sporadic occurrence of flood events in such an environment means that a strategy of monitoring several sites and of continuation over many years has great benefits.  相似文献   

13.
This paper gives mathematical details and sample applications of SWAGMAN Farm (SWAGMAN, Salt Water and Groundwater Management), a farm-scale hydrologic economic model that integrates agronomic, climatic, irrigation, hydrogeological and economic aspects of irrigated agriculture. The model is capable of determining optimum mix of land use to keep watertable and soil salinity within acceptable limits while maximising the economic returns. Alternatively, the model can simulate water and salt balance and economics of a given cropping preference. Web-based and Geographic Information Systems versions of the model are available for integration with the environmental reporting systems of the irrigation areas.  相似文献   

14.
We describe the development and parameterization of a grid-based model of African savanna vegetation processes. The model was developed with the objective of exploring elephant effects on the diversity of savanna species and structure, and in this formulation concentrates on the relative cover of grass and woody plants, the vertical structure of the woody plant community, and the distribution of these over space. Grid cells are linked by seed dispersal and fire, and environmental variability is included in the form of stochastic rainfall and fire events. The model was parameterized from an extensive review of the African savanna literature; when available, parameter values varied widely. The most plausible set of parameters produced long-term coexistence between woody plants and grass, with the tree–grass balance being more sensitive to changes in parameters influencing demographic processes and drought incidence and response, while less sensitive to fire regime. There was considerable diversity in the woody structure of savanna systems within the range of uncertainty in tree growth rate parameters. Thus, given the paucity of height growth data regarding woody plant species in southern African savannas, managers of natural areas should be cognizant of different tree species growth and damage response attributes when considering whether to act on perceived elephant threats to vegetation.  相似文献   

15.
Criteria and Indicators of Sustainable Forest Management   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
  相似文献   

16.
总氮、总磷监测中存在的有关问题   总被引:7,自引:2,他引:7  
文章简要介绍了我国部分地表水总氮、总磷的浓度现状和相关标准,重点讨论了总氮、总磷监测中存在的问题并提出相应的解决办法.  相似文献   

17.
Metals and radionuclide levels in marine birds of the Aleutians are of interest because they are part of subsistence diets of the Aleut people, and can also serve as indicators of marine pollution. We examined geographic and species-specific variations in concentrations of radionuclides in birds and their eggs from Amchitka, the site of underground nuclear tests from 1965 to 1971, and Kiska Islands (a reference site) in the Aleutians, and the levels of lead, mercury and cadmium in eggs. In 2004 we collected common eiders (Somateria mollissima), tufted puffins (Fratercula cirrhata), pigeon guillemot (Cepphus columba) and glaucous-winged gulls (Larus glaucescens) from Amchitka and Kiska, and eggs from eiders and gulls from the two island. We also collected one runt bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) chick from both Amchitka and Kiska Islands. For most species, the levels of radionuclide isotopes were below the minimum detectable activity levels (MDA). Out of 74 cesium-137 analyses, only one composite (gulls) was above the MDA, and out of 14 composites tested for plutonium (Pu-239, 240), only one exceeded the MDA (a guillemots). Three composites out of 14 tested had detectable uranium-238. In all cases, the levels were low and close to the MDAs, and were below those reported for other seabirds. There were significant interspecific differences in metal levels in eggs: gulls had significantly higher levels of cadmium and mercury than the eiders, and eiders had higher levels of lead than gulls. There were few significant differences as a function of island, but eiders had significantly higher levels of cadmium in eggs from Kiska, and gulls had significantly higher levels of mercury on Kiska. The levels of cadmium and mercury in eggs of eiders and gulls from this study were above the median for cadmium and mercury from studies in the literature. The levels of mercury in eggs are within the range known to affect avian predators, but seabirds seem less vulnerable to mercury than other birds. However, the levels of mercury are within the action levels for humans, suggesting some cause for concern if subsistence Aleuts eat a large quantity of eggs.  相似文献   

18.
We developed an assessment and monitoring plan for birds in connection with the exploration and potential development of a large natural gas field in the Lower Urubamba drainage of Peru, a project of Shell Prospecting and Development Peru (SPDP). Our objectives were to: (1) inventory the birds in the area, including information on habitat use and abundance, and (2) devise long-term monitoring protocols for birds. We sampled birds through a combination of visual and auditory surveys and mist-netting at 4 well sites and 3 sites along the Urubamba and Camisea rivers. We recorded 420 speciesduring 135 days of field work. We consider the highest prioritiesfor a future monitoring program to be: (1) establish whether edge effects are occurring at well sites, along roads and alongthe planned pipeline route and determine the significance and extent of these effects and (2) assess the impact of increased human access to the area on game and other exploited species. The remoteness of the area, its rugged terrain and dense vegetation and the lack of trained personnel limit the choice of survey and monitoring methods. We recommend use of mist-netting and transects for monitoring edge effects and useof transects for monitoring game and other exploited species.  相似文献   

19.
This paper presents the chemical speciation and retention behavior of chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), and cadmium (Cd) prior to and after the electrokinetic remediation in glacial till soil. The speciation of the metals was predicted using the chemical speciation program MINEQL+. The simulations were performed for single-contaminant with only Cr(VI) or Ni, and multi-contaminants consisting of: (1) Cr(VI), Ni, and Cd; (2) Cr(III), Ni and Cd; (3) Cr(VI), Cr(III), Ni and Cd; (4) Cr(VI), Ni, and Cd with reducing agents; and (5) Cr(III), Ni, and Cd with oxidizing agent (Mn). The results showed that the speciation and distribution of cationic metals [Ni, Cd, and Cr(III)] in glacial till soil remain unaffected or slightly affected during electrokinetics. This is attributed to the high pH buffering capacity of the glacial till, leading the metals to precipitate in the soil prior to and after electrokinetics. This study showed that during electrokinetics, Cr(VI) existed as anionic complex and migrated towards the anode and the migration is maximum in case of a single-contaminant system. The study also showed that near the anode in the absence of any reducing and oxidizing agent, Cr(VI) mostly adsorbed, and some of Cr(VI) reduced to Cr(III) and migrated towards the cathode and finally precipitated due to high pH conditions. Ni and Cd remain adsorbed or precipitated due to the high pH conditions throughout the soil. Among the reducing agents, the sulfide had significant effect on the migration of metals compared to ferrous ions. While in the presence of oxidizing agent (Mn), no noticeable Cr(VI) was found in the soil sample indicating the reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) and the predominance of reducing conditions due to the presence of naturally occurring iron in the glacial till soil. Overall, this study provides a reasonable explanation of the speciation and distribution of chromium, nickel and cadmium during the electrokinetic remediation of glacial till soil.  相似文献   

20.
中国固体废物的环境管理与环境监测技术现状   总被引:4,自引:2,他引:2  
为加强中国固体废物的环境管理和环境监测技术,回顾了中国自1985年以来制定的固体放心物环境管理法规制度以及1984年至1998年颁布的20多年家或行业的固体废物处置标准体系等固体废物的环境管理状况,着重论述了中国固体废物环境监测技术的发展历史与现状。指出经过20多年的努力,在固体废物环境监测技术与方法上初步形成了该领域框架体系,有固体废物的采样与制样技术;危险废物的有害特性试验鉴别方法,固体废物具  相似文献   

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