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1.
生活垃圾卫生填埋场的选址涉及多方面因素,该文通过对丽江市生活垃圾填埋的历史与现状、填埋量、填埋场分布等状况的分析,用层次分析法对正在使用填埋场进行适宜性评价,分析了导致污染的主要环境地质问题,对已污染填埋场的治理和未来填埋场的选址具有指导意义.  相似文献   

2.
中国的垃圾填埋场目前多采用高密度聚乙烯膜(HDPE)进行覆盖,已建成的填埋场均存在不同程度覆盖膜破损现象。采用填埋气泄漏可视化检测技术对中国东部某大型生活垃圾填埋场开展覆盖膜完整性检测,揭示了覆盖膜破损特征及破损成因,明确了破损点泄漏量,评估了其温室效应影响,梳理了国内外填埋场覆盖层监管相关管理规定和措施。结果表明:尖锐物体应力损伤导致的破损是填埋场覆盖膜破损的主要类型,粗放施工、监管机制不足、维护管理不到位是造成填埋场覆盖膜破损的主要原因。破损点的甲烷泄漏量约为817.2 m3/d,约合每年向大气环境释放温室气体超过4 900 t CO2-eq。完善填埋场污染控制标准和技术规范、加强填埋场覆盖膜完整性的监管,是控制填埋场温室气体排放和推进固废处置设施碳减排的重要举措。  相似文献   

3.
综述了几种常用的填埋场渗漏检测方法,指出电学法已成为填埋场不同运行阶段(施工期和运营期)渗漏检测的主流方法。分析了各阶段电学检测方法的适用条件和优缺点,在防渗膜铺设阶段,常利用双电极法或电极-偶极子法进行施工完整性检测;在填埋场运营期间,根据场地实际情况可以选择电极格栅法、基于物联网的监测预警云平台、阵列式偶极子法或高密度电法进行膜渗漏检测及长期监测。  相似文献   

4.
介绍了全尺度室内环境模拟箱,以及研究开发的与室内实际空间尺寸相仿的大容量环境模拟箱具备的对试验条件的调节功能.在标准试验条件(箱内温度23 ℃,相对湿度45%,换气量30 m3/h)下,箱内温度、相对湿度和换气量的波动误差分别为0.21 ℃、0.35%、0.15 m3/h.实验结果表明,环境模拟箱的气密性和混合性良好,本底浓度较低,能为室内空气污染研究提供环境条件稳定、背景干扰小的室内仿真环境.对大芯板甲醛释放测定的结果表明,环境模拟箱能够较准确地模拟室内污染物的释放过程和规律.  相似文献   

5.
浅议现代垃圾填埋场的大气污染及监测分析方法   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
造成垃圾填埋场大气污染的两大类污染物,其对环境、人体、动植物、器物和材料都有一定的危害,文章针对现代垃圾填埋场的大气环境污染,以硫化氢、氨、甲硫醇等重点大气污染因子为监测对象,结合实践总结了一部分垃圾填埋场的大气污染监测方案,包括布点原则、采样频率和时间、采样方法和分析技术,该监测方案可为现代垃圾填埋场的大气污染监测提供参考.  相似文献   

6.
阐述危险废物填埋场建设及运营过程中存在的渗漏问题,论述填埋场渗漏检测的必要性和重要性,介绍填埋场渗漏检测的主要方法.  相似文献   

7.
垃圾填埋场地下水污染对居民健康的风险评价   总被引:7,自引:2,他引:5       下载免费PDF全文
调查了某垃圾填埋场地下水和周边居民饮用水中的As、Hg等重金属和挥发酚等有机物的污染状况,运用美国环保局的健康风险计算模型,评估了该垃圾填埋场地下水对周边居民的潜在健康风险。结果表明,各类人群对4种有阈化合物的饮食和皮肤暴露的终身健康危险度在8.2×10^-11~1.3×10^-10之间,均低于可以接受的风险水平10^-6;对As的终身超额健康危险度在3.1×10^-7~4.9×10^-7之间,表明地下水中砷污染对居民潜在的致癌风险不明显。各类人群通过皮肤对Hg、As、Cd和挥发酚的暴露剂量比通过饮水暴露的剂量高0.7倍~14.5倍,皮肤暴露将是地下水影响人体健康并构成潜在风险的重要途径。  相似文献   

8.
徐州市生活垃圾填埋场地下水典型金属污染物研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
在对徐州地区生活垃圾填埋场调查分析的基础上,根据填埋特征和地质状况选取4座典型填埋场为调查对象,采用ICP-MS对垃圾渗滤液及地下水中26种重金属进行监测分析。结果表明,在4个垃圾填埋场地下水及渗滤液中ρ(Sr)均相对较高(700μg/L);地下水中金属元素均正在以Ca,Mg为主向Na,Mg为主转化;地下水中Al,B质量浓度大小顺序为Y场(雁群)S场(睢宁)C场(翠屏山)P场(邳州);4个垃圾填埋场共同典型重金属污染物为Mn,Fe,Zn,Ba;除上述污染物外,Y场地下水潜在典型重金属污染物为Pb和Mo;S场为Mo和As;C场为Tl和Co;P场为As。  相似文献   

9.
通过在拉萨市垃圾填埋场周边布设4个监测井,于2017—2018年采样分析24项地下水水质指标,并运用单因子指数、综合评价法、污染指数P_(ki)法、等标污染负荷比法等对地下水污染状况进行评价。结果表明:地下水水质在良好—优良范围内;单项污染指数1的有pH值、铅,相比背景井地下水水质有所下降;填埋场周边地下水污染程度呈轻污染,主要受到影响的指标为pH值、高锰酸盐指数、阴离子表面活性剂、铅、氟化物。  相似文献   

10.
生活垃圾填埋场空气中VOCs组成及年际变化   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
宋钊 《中国环境监测》2013,29(2):98-103
采用SUMMA罐采样-气相色谱-质谱法采集并分析了2006—2010年4、10月上海某生活垃圾填埋场及周边环境空气中挥发性有机物(VOCs)的种类和含量变化情况。结果表明,共检测出34种VOCs化合物,以单环芳烃、甲基乙基酮、卤代脂肪烃为主,其中19种化合物属于美国环保局重点控制的空气中有害污染物;填埋区作业面是填埋堆体内部VOCs释放的重要途径之一,其中甲基乙基酮、甲苯、乙苯、间/对-二甲苯对TVOCs质量浓度贡献率超过60%;生活垃圾填埋场及周边环境空气中TVOCs质量浓度年季变化较稳定,但同年度内秋季浓度高于春季。  相似文献   

11.
基于决策树技术及在线监测的水质预测   总被引:3,自引:2,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
利用北方某城市水源的水质在线监测系统,建立了基于决策树技术,具有较强可视性和实际应用,以及能预测次日源水中叶绿素水平的决策树模型.该模型将某城市水源在线监测的溶解氧和太阳辐射照度数据转换计算为每日平均标准偏差及均值,并与每日定时取样测定的叶绿素含量一起作为预测因子,通过将115组数据的前100组数据作为训练集建立预测次日叶绿素水平决策树模型,并采用后15组数据进行模型的仿真预测检验,结果只有3 d的预测出错,预测准确率达80%.并讨论了模型建立对数据的要求及解读预测规则等问题.  相似文献   

12.
The contribution presents numerical simulation of gypsum particles, lifting from a gypsum landfill. First, particle characteristics are presented, resulting from different technologies of gypsum depositing. Next, a laboratory experiment parameter validation tests are described, which served as a means of determination of mass flow of particles from the landfill. The background of the numerical simulations, used in the assessment of landfill impact on the environment, is also described. Simulations consist of two parts: simulation of a long term impact of the particles on the surrounding area, performed by implementation of the Gaussian dispersion model based computer code ISC3, and second, a CFD based simulation for assessing the flow and mass concentration fields in the vicinity of the landfill for several pre-selected flow cases. The results of both computational approaches are presented and compared. In the conclusions, a relation of the simulation results with existing environmental pollution levels is made, and recommendations for landfill management are drawn.  相似文献   

13.
应用基于有限体积法及黎曼近似解的二维水流泥沙模型,在无结构网格上对偏微分方程进行有限体积的积分离散,以苏州港太仓港区庵弄村岸线调整工程为例,预测采砂吹填作业产生的悬砂对长江水体的水环境影响。结果表明,采砂产生的悬砂影响范围较大,但集中在江段中间,对水厂取水口有一定影响。若采取静置等措施,可将吹填作业悬砂产生的水环境影响控制在较小的范围之内。二维泥沙模型对采砂吹填作业施工可能引起水体污染的范围和程度的预测为该类项目环境影响评价的审批提供了科学依据。  相似文献   

14.
An assessment of the concentrations of selected polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) congeners as well as BB 153 in leachate samples collected from three landfill sites within the city of Cape Town was conducted. A liquid–liquid extraction technique was employed for the isolation of all the target compounds from the leachate samples. Extracts obtained were further subjected to multi-layer column chromatography employing different forms of silica gel. The prepared samples were analysed using a high capillary gas chromatograph equipped with a micro-electron capture detector (GC-μECD). The overall mean concentrations of the total PBDEs, including BDE 209 ranged between 5.65 and 2,240, 0.28–20.5 and 1.66–1,170 ng/l for Bellville, Coastal Park, and Vissershok landfill sites, respectively. The mean concentrations of BB 153, which were generally low in most of the samples analysed, were 70.4, 7.14 and 8.16 ng/l for Bellville, Coastal Park and Vissershok sites, respectively. The influence of precipitation on the characteristics and quantity of leachate produced from the landfill sites investigated was most pronounced during the August/September sampling regime. Generally, the trend observed in this study clearly indicated a wide variation in the levels of these contaminants in all the landfill sites studied from one sampling period to the other. However, the principal component analysis revealed that the release of these contaminants might be associated with two or three possible sources. This study further confirmed the relevance of landfill leachate as an important source of PBDE contamination of the environment, especially the groundwater and surface water sources.  相似文献   

15.
The purpose of this paper is to assess the groundwater quality near a landfill site using the modified water quality index. A total of 128 groundwater samples were analyzed for pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total organic carbon (TOC), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH), Cd, Pb, Zn, Cu, Cr, and Hg. The analytical results have showed a decreasing trend in concentration for TOC, Cd, Pb, Hg, and Cu and an increasing one for pH, EC, and PAH. The modified water quality index, which was called landfill water pollution index (LWPI), was calculated to quantify the overall water quality near the landfill site. The analysis reveals that groundwater in piezometers close to the landfill is under a strong landfill impact. The LWPI in piezometers ranged from 0.52 to 98.25 with a mean value of 7.99. The LWPI in groundwater from the nearest house wells varied from 0.59 to 0.92. A LWPI value below 1 proves that analyzed water is not affected by the landfill. Results have shown that LWPI is an efficient method for assessing and communicating the information on the groundwater quality near the landfill.  相似文献   

16.
An evaluation of the source of volatile organic compounds in groundwater samples was performed at a landfill in southern California. The 3H (tritium) content of the water in leachate and water from the gas-collection system (condensed water and entrained water droplets) and the delta 13C and 14C content of the inorganic carbon in landfill gas CO2, leachate, and gas-collection system water were used to characterize the dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) inside the landfill, while the same parameters were monitored in groundwater samples from affected monitoring wells and an unaffected well. Tritium levels from leachate and gas-collection system condensate ranged from approximately 2000 TU to over 4000 TU, orders of magnitude higher than unaffected groundwater. The average 14C content of DIC in the landfill pore-water samples was 121 pMC and the 14C content of unaffected groundwater DIC was 93 pMC, while the 14C content of the dissolved inorganic carbon in groundwater with VOC detections ranged from 105 to 119 pMC. The delta 13C of DIC in pore water was consistently above 0 per thousand and the delta 13C of unaffected groundwater DIC was -20.3 per thousand, while the delta 13C of DIC in affected groundwater samples was increased from -17.3 to -13.2 per thousand. The increases in both delta 13C and 14C in landfill gas-impacted groundwater DIC generally correlated with the number of volatile organic compounds detected and their concentrations. Based on the tritium and DIC 14C levels in leachate and water from the gas-collection system compared to those of unaffected water, significant increases in the tritium content of the water would be expected to accompany VOC detections and increases in delta 13C and 14C caused by landfill water. The results rule out landfill water as the VOC source, leaving landfill gas as the source. The identities and concentrations of the specific VOCs in affected groundwater samples varied among wells as well as between two leachate samples, ruling out the use of a VOC "fingerprint" for leachate or landfill gas to be compared to groundwater VOC concentrations.  相似文献   

17.
Contaminant plumes were derived for constant and variable loading functions at locations within a landfill. Annually, the alternative loading functions injected the same volume of contaminated water. Mass transport modeling was used to evaluate the detection efficiencies of 25 monitoring transects, spaced evenly between the landfill and a downgradient compliance boundary. Respectively, the most efficient transects (requiring the fewest monitoring wells) for constant and variable loading were located at 60–64 and 40 percent of the distance to the compliance boundary. The mean detection efficiency was 29 percent higher for variable loading, but the variation in detection efficiency was similar for constant and variable loading. At the most efficient transects, the minimum number of detection wells was 20 percent lower for variable loading. Given the influence of source loading on monitoring efficiency, alternative loading functions should be considered when designing detection monitoring networks in aquifers.  相似文献   

18.
This studypresents a remote sensing application of using time series Landsat satellite images for monitoring the Trail Road and Nepean municipal solid waste (MSW) disposal sites in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. Currently, the Trail Road landfill is in operation; however, during the 1960s and 1980s, the city relied heavily on the Nepean landfill. More than 400 Landsat satellite images were acquired from the US Geological Survey (USGS) data archive between 1984 and 2011. Atmospheric correction was conducted on the Landsat images in order to derive the landfill sites’ land surface temperature (LST). The findings unveil that the average LST of the landfill was always higher than the immediate surrounding vegetation and air temperature by 4 to 10 °C and 5 to 11.5 °C, respectively. During the summer, higher differences of LST between the landfill and its immediate surrounding vegetation were apparent, while minima were mostly found in fall. Furthermore, there was no significant temperature difference between the Nepean landfill (closed) and the Trail Road landfill (active) from 1984 to 2007. Nevertheless, the LST of the Trail Road landfill was much higher than the Nepean by 15 to 20 °C after 2007. This is mainly due to the construction and dumping activities (which were found to be active within the past few years) associated with the expansion of the Trail Road landfill. The study demonstrates that the use of the Landsat data archive can provide additional and viable information for the aid of MSW disposal site monitoring.  相似文献   

19.
A model to simulate gas, heat, and moisture transport through a sanitary landfill has been developed. The model not only considers the different processes that go on in a landfill but also the oxidation of methane in the final cover. The model was calibrated using published results and field data from a pilot scale landfill in Calgary. The model captures the physics of the different processes quite well. Simulations from the model show that waste permeability had a significant impact on the temperature, pressure distribution, and flux from a landfill. The presence of the final and intermediate covers enhanced the gas storage capacity of the landfill. Biodegradation of the waste was enhanced as the final cover minimized the atmospheric influences. In addition, the composition of landfill gas emitted to the atmosphere was significantly different from the composition of gas generated in landfill due to the presence of covers as some of the methane is oxidized to carbon dioxide. There was no significant benefit of using a final cover of higher depth. The presence and number of intermediate covers had an impact on gas flux and temperature distribution within a landfill.  相似文献   

20.
Dumping of solid waste in a non-engineered landfill site often leads to contamination of ground water due to leachate percolation into ground water. The present paper assesses the pollution potential of leachate generated from three non-engineered landfill sites located in the Tricity region (one each in cities of Chandigarh, Mohali and Panchkula) of Northern India and its possible effects of contamination of groundwater. Analysis of physico-chemical properties of leachate from all the three landfill sites and the surrounding groundwater samples from five different downwind distances from each of the landfill sites were collected and tested to determine the leachate pollution index (LPI) and the water quality index (WQI). The Leachate Pollution Index values of 26.1, 27 and 27.8 respectively for landfill sites of Chandigarh (CHD), Mohali (MOH) and Panchkula (PKL) cities showed that the leachate generated are contaminated. The average pH values of the leachate samples over the sampling period (9.2 for CHD, 8.97 for MOH and 8.9 for PKL) show an alkaline nature indicating that all the three landfill sites could be classified as mature to old stage. The WQI calculated over the different downwind distances from the contamination sites showed that the quality of the groundwater improved with an increase in the downwind distance. Principal component analysis (PCA) carried out established major components mainly from natural and anthropogenic sources with cumulative variance of 88% for Chandigarh, 87.1% for Mohali and 87.8% for Panchkula. Hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) identifies three distinct cluster types for the groundwater samples. These clusters corresponds to a relatively low pollution, moderate pollution and high pollution regions. It is suggested that all the three non-engineered landfill sites be converted to engineered landfill sites to prevent groundwater contamination and also new sites be considered for construction of these engineered landfill sites as the present dumpsites are nearing the end of their lifespan capacity.  相似文献   

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