首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 187 毫秒
1.
为探究连云港市碳排放特征,实现“碳达峰”“碳中和”的目标,以2011—2020年连云港市的碳排放量数据为核心,采用可拓展的随机性的环境影响评估模型(STIRPAT)以及岭回归方法进行碳排放量数据的“双向”分析。首先,根据连云港市2011—2020年能源消耗数据,“反向”核算出连云港市历年的碳排放量,结果表明,连云港市碳排放量呈现逐年持续上升趋势;其次,选取人口因素、人均地区生产总值、城市化率、能源结构、产业结构为主要因素,构建了STIRPAT模型这一“正向”预测媒介,采用岭回归分析法得到了连云港市的碳排放量拟合模型,结果表明,不同的因素对连云港市碳排放量的影响程度存在差异;最后,通过情景分析法预设6种连云港市未来发展情景模型,对连云港市的碳排放量进行了预测,结果表明,中增长-高减排的发展模式更适合连云港市,将于2030年以4 788.9万t的碳排放量实现达峰。针对这一发展模式要求,提出连云港市应积极调整能源结构比例、加快产业结构优化等相关建议。  相似文献   

2.
简述了1990年—2000年苏州市区水系的变化及京杭运河苏州段沿岸主要工业污染源的变化,对苏州市区水环境质量的变化进行了分析。指出,苏州市区水环境质量的变化主要受水系的改变和污染源防治的共同影响。提出,除继续加强对工业污染源的防治外,还需对水系范围内的生活、农业等方面产生的污染进行防治;在规划水利建设工程时,应将水环境质量的改善与生态建设全面地比较与评价,按其结果再实施工程建设;已建成的环太湖闸在不影响其主要功能的情况下,应保持开启,让优质的太湖水补给运河,从根本上改善苏州市区水环境质量。  相似文献   

3.
对2006—2020年上海闵行区工业能源碳排放量进行估算,采用可拓展的随机性的环境影响评估模型(STIRPAT)分析了工业能源碳排放的影响因素。结果表明:2006—2020年闵行区工业能源碳排放总量、碳排放强度与工业能源消耗量均呈逐步下降的趋势;煤炭所占工业能源消费比重、人均工业产值、工业化率和工业能源强度与闵行区工业能源碳排放呈正相关关系,其中煤炭所占工业能源消费比重对闵行区工业碳排放影响最大,工业增加值、电力所占工业能源消费比重对闵行区工业能源碳排放影响不显著。基于因素分析结果,提出闵行区可通过调整工业能源消费结构、优化产业结构、提高工业能源利用效率等措施降低工业碳排放。  相似文献   

4.
为了解苏州市机动车尾气中主要污染物浓度特征,运用SPSS19.0时间序列建模器,预测了未来5年(2017—2021年)苏州市机动车保有量,分析和对比了苏州市路边站点和国控站点的主要污染物数据。结果表明,未来5年,苏州市机动车保有量呈现上升趋势,2020年机动车保有量将达到373.1万辆,相比2014年增加约37.5%;路边站点NO2值略高于国控站点,但差异不显著;路边站点CO值明显高于国控站点;路边站点PM10和PM2.5值总体略高于国控站点;路边站点苯系物值高于国控站点。  相似文献   

5.
2010年全球碳排放权交易成交额同比增加了5%,达到930亿欧元,合1 200亿美元。碳市场成交额增加的原因是碳价格在2010年有所上升。彭博新能源财经(BNEF)分析指出,2010年全球各地碳交易的加权平均价格增加了17%,由每吨CO2当量11.6欧元上升至13.6欧元。  相似文献   

6.
在遥感与地理信息系统技术支持下,以兵团2000、2005、2010年3期TM影像和HJ1A-CCD1影像为主要数据源,研究了兵团景观空间格局变化特征。结果表明,兵团景观类型从2000—2010年发生了较大变化,农田和城镇面积显著增加,草地、灌丛和冰川(永久积雪)显著减少。城镇景观受人为活动干扰强度最大。分析认为,人口和农业机械化是影响农田景观的主要驱动因素,经济发展和小城镇建设是影响城镇景观格局的主要因素,而政策导向是调节兵团景观格局变化的有效途径。  相似文献   

7.
瀛湖是南水北调丹江口水库重要的水源涵养区,承担着丹江口水库60%的供水量,又是沿线乡镇和安康市城区饮用水水源地。在充分调查的基础上,采用综合健康指数法对1986—2012年之间瀛湖的水生态系统健康状况进行了评估,结果表明,1986—2005年,瀛湖水生态系统健康指数呈逐渐下降趋势,健康状态由健康降至一般病态;2005—2012年之间,瀛湖水生态系统健康指数总体呈上升趋势,健康状态除2010年为一般病态外,其余均为亚健康状态。  相似文献   

8.
人民网消息非营利组织地球政策研究所最新发布的一项报告指出,2007年到2011年的4年间,美国使用煤炭产生的碳排放减少了10%,石油的碳排放减少了11%;相比之下,使用天然气产生的碳排放增加了6%。总体来说,4年中美国的碳排放量削减了7%。  相似文献   

9.
应用生命周期评价法(LCA)对条斑紫菜养殖加工行业进行了全周期的碳足迹分析,明确了各环节中碳排放源的种类和数量。结果表明,100亩条斑紫菜养殖加工过程中碳排放总量为1.25×105~2.47×105 kg CO2,远高于条斑紫菜100亩养殖形成的可移出碳汇量(9.43×103 kg CO2)。基于全产业链的分析,条斑紫菜产业尚不是一个碳汇产业。养殖阶段碳排放量最大,排放源主要来自石油化工材料的大量使用。二次加工阶段碳排放量仅次于养殖阶段,排放源主要来自纸壳包装和塑料包装的大量使用。在一次加工阶段,热源的使用是影响该阶段碳排放的主要影响因素,生物质燃料是碳排放量最低的热源形式。  相似文献   

10.
太湖流域水污染物总量减排绩效评估体系建立   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
在充分考虑太湖流域水污染物总量减排工作特点的前提下,采用主客观相结合的方法,选择了27个绩效评估指标,确定各评价因子的权重,构建了太湖流域水污染物总量减排绩效评估体系。在此基础上,对2005—2012年太湖流域水污染物总量减排绩效进行评估。结果表明,2010—2012年的太湖流域水污染物总量减排效果较2005—2009年有所提高,减排工作取得了较明显成效,但是距理想状态仍有一定差距。该评估体系的建立为推动流域水污染物减排绩效评估工作的发展提供了科学依据。  相似文献   

11.
利用上海市第二次土壤普查资料,2004年-2005年上海耕地地力调查资料,以及2009年实地调查采样、实验分析获得的数据,研究了3个时期上海土壤有机碳的变化特征。结果表明,20多年:来上海土壤有机碳平均含量没有明显变化,土壤有机碳库逐渐减小,从而使得上海城市化过程中土壤成为一种碳源,而不是碳汇。城市郊区以扩大蔬菜、果树、苗木种植为特征的旱地作物种植方式代替水稻田,是城市化影响土地利用类型变化的明显特征,而水稻田土壤有机碳含量高于林地、菜地。种植结构的变化对土壤有机碳含量有重要影响,同时,耕作制度、耕作方式、施肥等农业管理方式也有一定影响。虽然园林绿地得到快速发展,但没有弥补城市化过程导致农田面积减少带来的有机碳损失。  相似文献   

12.
Carbon emission is supposed to be the strongest factor for global warming. Removing atmospheric carbon and storing it in the terrestrial biosphere is one of the cost-effective options, to compensate greenhouse gas emission. Millions of acres of abandoned mine land throughout the world, if restored and converted into vegetative land, would solve two major problems of global warming and generation of degraded wasteland. In this study, a manganese spoil dump at Gumgaon, Nagpur in India was reclaimed, using an integrated biotechnological approach (IBA). The physicochemical and microbiological status of the mine land improved after reclamation. Soil organic carbon (SOC) pool increased from 0.104% to 0.69% after 20 years of reclamation in 0–15 cm spoil depth. Soil organic carbon level of reclaimed site was also compared with a native forestland and agricultural land. Forest soil showed highest SOC level of 1.11% followed by reclaimed land and agriculture land of 0.70% and 0.40%, respectively. Soil profile studies of all three sites showed that SOC pool decreased from 0–15, 15–30, and 30–45 cm depths. Although reclaimed land showed less carbon than forestland, it showed better SOC accumulation rate. Reclamation of mine lands by using IBA is an effective method for mitigating CO2 emissions.  相似文献   

13.
以2014年为基准年,以常州市行政边界为研究区域,利用卫星遥感解译的土地利用类型和裸土面积信息,并通过国土、气象等部门提供的土壤类型、气象因子等相关资料获取本地化因子和参数,估算常州市行政区域内裸露地面土壤扬尘中颗粒物的年排放量。结果表明:常州市裸露地面主要分布在金坛市、溧阳市和武进区,市中心区域最少,裸露土地利用类型主要为农田、滩涂、裸露山体、荒地及未硬化或未绿化的空地等;2014年常州市行政区域内裸露地面风蚀扬尘中TSP、PM 10、PM 2.5的年排放量分别为62.66 t、5.63 t、0.24 t,其中,金坛市土壤起尘量最大,其次为武进区,再次为新北区、溧阳市,市中心区域土壤扬尘最少。  相似文献   

14.
Land take due to urbanization triggers a series of negative environmental impacts with direct effects on quality of life for people living in cities. Changes in ecosystem services are associated with land take, among which is the immediate C loss due to land use conversion. Land use change monitoring represents the first step in quantifying land take and its drivers and impacts. To this end, we propose an innovative methodology for monitoring land take and its effects on ecosystem services (in particular, C loss) under multi-scale contexts. The devised approach was tested in two areas with similar sizes, but different land take levels during the time-span 1990–2008 in Central Italy (the Province of Rome and the Molise Region). The estimates of total coverage of built up areas were calculated using point sampling. The area of the urban patches including each sampling point classified as built up areas in the year 1990 and/or in the year 2008 is used to estimate total abundance and average area of built up areas. Biophysical and economic values for carbon loss associated with land take were calculated using InVEST.Although land take was 7–8 times higher in the Province of Rome (from 15.1% in 1990 to 20.4% in 2008) than in Molise region, our findings show that its relative impact on C storage is higher in the latter, where the urban growth consistently affects not only croplands but also semi-natural land uses such as grasslands and other wooded lands. The total C loss due to land take has been estimated in 1.6 million Mg C, corresponding to almost 355 million €.Finally, the paper discusses the main characteristics of urban growth and their ecological impact leading to risks and challenges for future urban planning and land use policies.  相似文献   

15.
Forests make up large ecosystems and can play an important role in mitigating the emissions of CO2, the most important greenhouse gas. However, they are sources of atmospheric carbon when they are disturbed by human or natural causes. Storage of carbon through expansion and adaptive management of forest ecosystems can assist in reducing carbon concentrations in atmosphere. This study proposes a methodology to produce spatially explicit estimates of the carbon storages (aboveground plus belowground) depending on land use/cover changes in two different forest ecosystems during various periods. Carbon storages for each forest ecosystem were projected according to inventory data, and carbon storages were mapped in a geographic information system (GIS). Results showed that total carbon stored in above and belowground of both forest ecosystems increased from one period to other because of especially increase of productive forest areas and decline of degraded forest areas as well as protection of spruce forests subject to insect attacks.  相似文献   

16.
Biogas technology, besides supplying energy and manure, provides an excellent opportunity for mitigation of greenhouse gas (GHG) emission and reducing global warming through substituting firewood for cooking, kerosene for lighting and cooking and chemical fertilizers. A study was undertaken to calculate (1) global warming mitigation potential (GMP) and thereby earning carbon credit of a family size biogas plant in India, (2) GMP of the existing and target biogas plants in the country and (3) atmospheric pollution reduction by a family size biogas plant. The GMP of a family size biogas plant was 9.7 t CO(2) equiv. year( - 1) and with the current price of US $10 t( - 1) CO(2) equiv., carbon credit of US $97 year( - 1) could be earned from such reduction in greenhouse gas emission under the clean development mechanism (CDM). A family size biogas plant substitutes 316 L of kerosene, 5,535 kg firewood and 4,400 kg cattle dung cake as fuels which will reduce emissions of NOx, SO(2), CO and volatile organic compounds to the atmosphere by 16.4, 11.3, 987.0 and 69.7 kg year( - 1), respectively. Presently 3.83 million biogas plants are operating in the country, which can mitigate global warming by 37 Mt CO(2) equiv. year( - 1). Government of India has a target of installing 12.34 million biogas plants by 2010. This target has a GMP of 120 Mt CO(2) equiv. year( - 1) and US $1,197 million as carbon credit under the CDM. However, if all the collectible cattle dung (225 Mt) produced in the country is used, 51.2 million family size biogas plants can be supported which will have a GMP of 496 Mt of CO(2) equiv. year( - 1) and can earn US $4,968 million as carbon credit. The reduction in global warming should encourage policy makers to promote biogas technology to combat climate change and integration of carbon revenues will help the farmers to develop biogas as a profitable activity.  相似文献   

17.
基于绿色建筑评价指标体系,采用eFootprint软件对天津市中新生态城低碳体验中心全生命周期碳排放量和运营阶段采用的主要绿色技术减碳潜力进行计算与分析,结果表明:该建筑运营阶段碳排放量占比最大,为89.74%,其次是物化阶段,为10.08%,废弃阶段仅占比0.18%。同时,太阳能热水技术措施的利用对建筑的减碳效果最好,CERR为1527%;其次为采用节能照明的绿色技术,CERR为3.13%;在该案例中,节水措施和地源热泵的应用不仅未达到减排效果,反而相比未采用这些技术措施时增加了碳排放。  相似文献   

18.
The methodology of materials accounting is presented and applied to developing nutrient balance (nitrogen and phosphorus) in a river basin. The method is based on the balance principle: inputs and outputs of each nitrogen and phosphorus related sub-systems were balanced. The application of the methodology strategies was illustrated by means of a case study of the Krka river, Slovenia. Different pathways of emission to surface waters were taken into account: WWTP discharges, direct discharges, erosion/runoff and baseflow. Total annual emission into the river Krka was estimated to be 362 tonnes N/year and 73.3 tonnes P/year. The main sources of nitrogen are diffuse sources, emitted via baseflow (52%). Other important sources are effluents from WWTP, which account for 36% of total emissions. Other sources like erosion and direct discharges to surface water (animal manure, industry, households) are of lower magnitude. Erosion is main source of phosphorus emission (55% of total emission), WWTP effluents account for 37% of total emission, while other sources are less important. Besides reduction of point sources by means of wastewater collection and implementation of nutrient removal technology, managing agricultural nitrogen and phosphorus to protect water quality should become a major challenge in the Krka river basin.  相似文献   

19.
南通市温室气体排放估算   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
王平 《中国环境监测》2013,29(4):147-151
以2009年南通市主要领域碳排放情况为基数,采用IPCC指南中的计算方法,选取IPCC 指南明确的领域中对南通市而言具有代表性的部分内容,对2009年南通市全市碳排放量进行估算。估算结果表明,能源活动(化石燃料燃烧)为南通市主要温室气体排放源,其比例占据了主导地位。在能源活动中,原煤燃烧排放的CO2远高于其他化石燃料燃烧的排放量。因此,南通市可在产业结构和能源结构调整、提高能源利用效率及加强能源管理等方面进行努力,以减少南通市温室气体排放量。  相似文献   

20.
On the optimal control of carbon dioxide emissions: an application of FUND   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
This paper presents the Climate Framework for Uncertainty, Negotiation and Distribution (FUND), an integrated assessment model of climate change, and discusses selected results. FUND is a nine‐region model of the world economy and its interactions with climate, running in time steps of one year from 1990 to 2200. The model consists of scenarios for economy and population, which are perturbed by climate change and greenhouse gas emission reduction policy. Each region optimizes its net present welfare. Policy variables are energy and carbon efficiency improvement, and sequestering carbon dioxide in forests. It is found that reducing conventional air pollution is a major reason to abate carbon dioxide emissions. Climate change is an additional reason to abate emissions. Reducing and changing energy use is preferred as an option over sequestering carbon. Under non‐cooperation, free riding as well as assurance behaviour is observed in the model. The scope for joint implementation is limited. Under cooperation, optimal emission abatement is (slightly) higher than under non‐cooperation, but the global coalition is not self‐enforcing while side payments are insufficient. Optimal emission control under non‐cooperation is less than currently discussed under the Framework Convention on Climate Change, but higher than observed in practice. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号