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1.
河流沉积物中有机污染物的分析研究进展   总被引:8,自引:2,他引:6  
总结了近年来河流沉积物中有机污染物的研究进展 ,集中评述了国内有关沉积物中多环芳烃、有机氯农药和多氯联苯的分析研究现状 ,包括样品采集、样品前处理和样品分析 ,并对今后河流、湖泊及水库沉积物中污染物的分析工作作了展望  相似文献   

2.
Implementing good practice social impact assessment (SIA) that meets international standards in countries in transition is problematic. We reflect on the challenges faced when undertaking SIA in the Russian Federation. These challenges restrict meaningful SIA processes from being undertaken and limit public participation and the effective community engagement of project-affected local people. Based on the self-reflexive professional experience of two Russian-based social practitioners, and their discursive interactions with two leading academics in environmental and social impact assessment, as well as on in-depth interviews with prominent Russian and international experts, we identified the key challenges that prevent effective SIA from being implemented in Russia: a lack of understanding of the international standards; discrepancy in the determination of the social area of influence between the national requirements and international standards; difficulties in combining national and international impact assessment processes; and a tendency by companies to restrict stakeholder engagement to the minimum. We hope that by having an awareness of these limitations, improvements to SIA practice in Russia and elsewhere will be made.  相似文献   

3.
Plants continue to be an important source of new bioactive substances. Brazil is one of the world’s mega-diverse countries, with 20 % of the world’s flora. However, the accelerated destruction of botanically rich ecosystems has contributed to a gradual loss of native medicinal species. In previous study, we have observed a fast and intensive change in trade of medicinal plants in an area of Amazon, where human occupation took place. In this study, we surveyed 15 public markets in different parts of Brazil in search of samples of 40 plants used in traditional medicine and present in first edition of Brazilian Official Pharmacopoeia (FBRAS), published in 1926. Samples of plants commercialized as the same vernacular name as in Pharmacopoeia were acquired and submitted to analysis for authentication. A total of 252 plant samples were purchased, but the laboratory analyses showed that only one-half of the samples (126, 50.2 %) were confirmed as the same plant species so named in FBRAS. The high number of unauthenticated samples demonstrates a loss of knowledge of the original native species. The proximity of the market from areas in which the plant occurs does not guarantee that trade of false samples occurs. The impact of the commerce of the substitute species on their conservation and in public health is worrying. Strategies are necessary to promote the better use and conservation of this rich heritage offered by Brazilian biodiversity.  相似文献   

4.
选取位于西藏拉萨的罗布林卡、龙王潭公园、布达拉宫广场,位于林芝的福建公园,以及位于昌都的天津广场等5个城市公园,于2017年5—6月采取样线法对其中的鸟类群落组成和外来鸟种情况进行调查。调查共记录到鸟类9目20科36种,其中属于古北界的有12种,东洋界和广布种也均为12种。36种鸟类中,留鸟24种,夏候鸟6种,冬候鸟2种,旅鸟4种。统计到外来鸟种4种,包括山噪鹛(Garrulax davidi)、八哥(Acridotheres cristatellus)、红嘴相思鸟(Leiothrix lutea)及大紫胸鹦鹉(Psittacula derbiana),占调查鸟种种类的11.1%,外来物种的入侵风险在高原不容忽视。  相似文献   

5.
Quantifying nickel in soils and plants in an ultramafic area in Philippines   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
In this study, concentrations of nickel (Ni) were quantified in the soils and plants in the agricultural areas of Salcedo watershed in Eastern Samar Island, Philippines. The quantity of total Ni in soils (TS-Ni) was significantly high with a mean of 1,409 mg kg?1, while the soil available Ni (SA-Ni) was low with a mean of 8.66 mg kg?1. As the levels of TS-Ni in the Salcedo watershed greatly exceeded the maximum allowable concentrations for agricultural soils, the site is not suitable for agricultural purposes. Despite significant TS-Ni levels, SA-Ni levels were very low due to tight binding between Ni and soil components. Consequently, all plants investigated did not meet the criterion for a Ni hyperaccumulator plant with low Ni contents (mean TP-Ni of 14.7 mg kg?1). Comparison of Ni levels between food plants and its recommended daily intake (RDI) suggests that consumption of food-plants grown in the study area is unlikely to pose health risks. However, caution must be taken against combined consumption of food plants with high Ni levels or their prolonged consumption, as it can induce accumulation of Ni above RDI.  相似文献   

6.
As a part the Italian National Programme of Research in Antarctica (PNRA) a monitoring study has been undertaken to quantify the concentrations of some selected trace elements in human hair of participants in the Antarctic expeditions. Such concentrations may vary as a consequence of the extreme environmental conditions and changes in lifestyle experienced by participants in the expeditions, as some evidence in previous investigations seems to suggest. The present study regards samples collected on the occasion of the 2002-2003 expedition to the Italian Base of Terra Nova Bay (now Mario Zucchelli Base), i.e., just before the expedition and about one month later. Seven essential elements were taken into account, namely, Ca, Cu, Cr, Fe, Mg, Mn and Mo. Determinations were performed by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES) and Dynamic Reaction Cell Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (DRC-ICP-MS). Data obtained were statistically treated by using the non-parametric Friedman test. The concentrations of Ca, Cu and Mg were found to decrease (P < 0.05). The stress caused by the severe environmental conditions might well play a role in the observed decrease.  相似文献   

7.
HPLC法测定饲料中维生素A、维生素D 3 和维生素E   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2       下载免费PDF全文
建立了以w(C2H5OH)=95 %乙醇直接提取,高效液相色谱仪在波长280 nm和254 nm处连续测定饲料中维生素A、维生素D3和维生素E的方法.色谱柱为大连依利特Hypersil ODS C18(25 cm×4.6 mm×5 μm),流动相为甲醇-水,流速为1.2 mL/min.维生素A、维生素D3、维生素E的质量浓度分别在1.0 mg/L~20.0 mg/L、0.5 mg/L~15.0 mg/L 、2.5 mg/L~50.0 mg/L范围内与峰面积呈良好的线性关系,检测限分别为0.3×10-6 μg、0.04×10-6 μg、5.0×10-6 μg,相对标准偏差分别为1.6 %、2.7 %、2.4 %,平均回收率分别为99 %、102 %、98 %.  相似文献   

8.
为调查丽水市空气中Pb污染现状,在机动车相对集中的市区布设5个测点,测点高度1.2m;监测周期为1a,每星期采样1d或2d,每天采集1个样,每次采样6h;监测项目为TSP、Pb;评价标准采用GB3095—1996《环境空气质量标准》。结果表明,丽水市各测点空气中Pb最大的季均值、年均值均未超标;常规测点和交通路口测点之间TSP、Pb质量浓度值均存在显著的差异性。  相似文献   

9.
Concern about nitrogen loads in marine environments has drawn attention to the existence and possible causes of long-term trends in nitrogen transport in rivers. The present study was based on data from the Swedish environmental monitoring programme for surface water quality; the continuity of these data is internationally unique. A recently developed semiparametric method was employed to study the development of relationships between runoff and river transport of nitrogen since 1971; the observed relationships were then used to produce time series of flow-normalised transports for 66 sites in 39 river basins. Subsequent statistical analyses of flow-normalised data revealed only few significant downward trends (p 0.05) during the time period 1971–1994, and the most pronounced of these downward trends were caused by reduced point emissions of nitrogen. The number of significant upward trends was substantially larger (15 for total-N and 18 for NO3-N). Closer examination of obtained results revealed the following: (i) the most pronounced upward trends were present downstream of lakes, and (ii) observed increases in nitrogen transport coincided in time and space with reduced point emissions of phosphorus or organic matter. This indicated that changes in the retention of nitrogen in lakes were responsible for the upward nitrogen trends. The hypothesis that nitrogen saturation of forest soils has caused a general increase in the riverine export of nitrogen from forested catchments in Sweden was not confirmed. Neither did the results indicate that improved agricultural practices have reduced the export of nitrogen from agricultural catchments.  相似文献   

10.
基于城市超级站对2018年12月—2019年2月南京市在线水溶性离子污染特征进行研究。结果表明:监测期间水溶性无机离子(WSIs)质量浓度均值为45.7μg/m3,占PM2.5的67.8%,各离子排序为NO3-> SO42->NH4+>Cl->K+>Ca2+>Na+>Mg2+。二次离子(SNA)是PM2.5主要组分,大气气溶胶呈中性。各离子日变化存在差异,SNA变化趋势和WSIs基本一致。南京市冬季存在明显SO2和NO2向SO42-和NO3-二次转化;NO3-/SO42-均值为1.96,移动源增量大于固定源。通过相关性和三相聚类分析可知,SNA主要结合方式为(NH4)2SO4和NH4NO3。主成分分析表明,南京市冬季PM2.5中水溶性离子主要来源是二次转化,燃煤、生物质燃烧和土壤建筑扬尘也有贡献。  相似文献   

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