重庆市“十一五”污染物总量控制研究

选取了二氧化硫、化学需氧量和氨氮作为重庆市“十一五”期间主要的污染物总量控制指标，并介绍了这几种污染物总量控制目标的测算方法，根据重庆市的有关规划以及环境保护的需要，测算出了“十一五”期间水污染物、大气污染物的总量控制目标，为制定重庆市的总量控制计划提供了参考，同时对“十一五”期间总量控制的实施提出了有益的建议．     

浦东新区实施污染物排放总量控制的思考

阐述了上海市浦东新区在“十五”期间对污染物排放总量控制任务的计划，分析了实施污染物排放总量控制在改善新区环境质量中存在的问题，提出开展污染物排放总量控制工作，应在遵循生态规律；深化工业污染防治工作；建立主要污染企业，废水和废气的在线连续自动的总量监测管理系统；加紧建设和完善污水收集系统；加强农业和农村，特别是农村畜禽养殖业污染物的管理、利用和治理；推广清洁生产和企业ISO14000管理，以及固废尤其是危废的管理上加强工作。另外，还要积极探索排污权的有偿使用工作。     

环境监测是总量控制的基础

主要污染物排放总量控制（以下简称总量控制）是我国“九五”期间的两项重要污染控制措施之一。这项措施的实施,就是要在２０００年,将全国的污染物排放总量控制在１９９５年的水平上。污染物排放总量控制是以污染物排放量作为控制的指标,它需要以污染源监视性监测的结...     

对建立大气环境总量控制法规体系的思考

文中指出了《大气污染物综合排放标准》存在的不完善性，提出建立大气污染物总量控制制度，使大气污染物的控制由浓度控制转向总量与浓度结合的控制体系；建立大气污染物总量控制法规体系，规范排污行为．并阐述了大气污染物总量控制指标的技术路线。     

废水污染物排放总量控制监测技术路线及要求

从中国污染物宏观控制目标出发，阐述了中国实施废水污染物排放总量控制监测的技术路线、监测项目以及相关技术要求。对污染物排放总量控制监测分析方法的应用、采样及测流等有关技术问题，提出了见解。以１９９８年污染源调查统计资料为例，提出了污染物排放总量控制监测方案及有关监测质量的保证措施。     

工业企业水污染物排放总量计算方法比较研究

通过对3家企业开展现场监测与调查,深入研究了利用手工监测数据计算工业企业水污染物排放总量的方法,并和自动监测数据法、排污系数法进行了比较研究,指出了3种方法的影响因素和适用范围,为合理计算企业污染物排放总量提供了思路.     

关于“总量”问题的思考

对有关总量（水体纳污总量、污染物排放总量和目标断面通量）的内涵及总量监测技术的关键环节（布点采样、项目频次、实验室分析和数据处理方法）进行了论述     

行业监测站可为总量控制当好先行

“九五”计划期间,我国要在全国范围内全面实施总量控制,把2000年主要污染物排放总量控制在1995年的水平上,这是基本控制我国环境污染加剧趋势的重要步骤;是实现“九五”环保目标的一项根本性措施;也是环境管理制度的重大改革。 总量控制的关键环节是全面、准确、快捷地确定污染物排放量。因此,环境监测是总量控制的基础性工作,是总量控制的先行。     

排污总量监测若干问题的思考

分析了排污总量监测过程中关于最低检出限、一类污染物的采样点位、监测频次、超标污染物等方面与污染源监督监测的区别及存在的问题，并提出了相应的对策和措施。     

开展排污总量监测的实践与思考

分析了《江苏省排放污染物总量控制监测规范（工业废水部分）》实施过程中存在的问题,提出了夯实监测基础,优化监测唾弃,解决技术难题等若干对策和建议。     

洪泽湖水产品中渔药残留量调查

通过对洪泽湖水产品中部分渔药残留的检测和研究,对洪泽湖水产品的渔药残留量以及相关的水质情况有了初步掌握。结果表明,洪泽湖水产品中渔药残留量总体情况较好,但在网箱和围网养殖区域中,土霉素和磺胺类两种渔药在水体中存在量较大。     

Integrated Models of Fisheries Management and Policy

An overview of the structure and elements of integrated models aimed at studying fishery management policies using static and dynamic optimisation techniques is presented. Continuous and discrete time models are considered under both open-access and sole-owner settings. A variety of economic and biological processes that affect the fishery as a whole is examined. It turns out that overseeing important fish population characteristics such as metapopulation dynamics and multi-species interaction can lead to serious misrepresentation of the fishery and suboptimal controls. Adequate understanding of the economic conditions and considerations potentially affecting the fishermen is necessary to model their behaviour and address their concerns. Misrepresentation of these economic and biologic processes will have an impact on the success of management policies in attaining a sustainable fish population.     

Water Quality during Development and Apportionment of Pollution from Rivers in Tapeng Lagoon, Taiwan

This work investigated water samples collected from Tapeng Lagoon, Taiwan. Factor analysis was conducted to explain the characteristics and the variation in the quality of water during the disassembly of oyster frames and fishery boxes. The result shows that the most important latent factors in Tapeng Lagoon are the ocean factor, primary productivity factor, and the fishery pollution factor. Canonical discriminant analysis is applied to identify the source of pollution in neighboring rivers outside Tapeng Lagoon. The two constructed discriminant functions (CDFs) showed markedly contribution to all discriminant variables, and that total nitrogen, algae, dissolved oxygen and total phosphate, combined in the nutrient effect factor. The recognition capacities in these two CDFs were 95.6%, 4.4%, respectively. The water quality in the Kaoping river most strongly determined that in the Tapeng Lagoon the best is. And disassembling the oyster frames and fishery boxes improves the water quality markedly. However, environmental topographic conditions indicate that strengthening stream pollution prevention and to constructing another entrance to the ocean are the best approaches for improving the quality of water in Tapeng Lagoon, especially by reducing eutrophication. These approaches and results yield useful information concerning habitat recovery and water resource management.     

水环境中抗生素的来源分布及对健康的影响

综述了水环境中抗生素污染的主要类型、来源及对生态和健康的影响,指出医用抗生素、农林牧渔用抗生素和企业废水中的抗生素是其主要污染来源.水环境中的抗生素污染改变了水生微生物菌群,导致耐药菌株的产生,在农副产品中残留,造成严重的过敏反应和毒副作用,并增加了患者的经济负担.提出了职能部门加强管理,提高医药工作人员的业务水平,选择最佳治疗方案,加强健康教育,合理使用农林牧渔业的抗生素等预防管理措施.     

The Cost of Co-viability in the Australian Northern Prawn Fishery

Fisheries management must address multiple, often conflicting objectives in a highly uncertain context. In particular, while the bio-economic performance of trawl fisheries is subject to high levels of biological and economic uncertainty, the impact of trawling on broader biodiversity is also a major concern for their management. The purpose of this study is to propose an analytical framework to formally assess the trade-offs associated with balancing biological, economic and non-target species conservation objectives. We use the Australian Northern Prawn Fishery (NPF), which is one of the most valuable federally managed commercial fisheries in Australia, as a case study. We develop a stochastic co-viability assessment of the fishery under multiple management objectives. Results show that, due to the variability in the interactions between the fishery and the ecosystem, current management strategies are characterized by biological and economic risks. Results highlight the trade-offs between respecting biological, economic and non-target species conservation constraints at each point in time with a high probability and maximizing the net present value of the fishery.     

渔业污染事故的应急监测

简述我国渔业污染现状,分析突发性污染死鱼事件的管辖权问题和一般分类,提出突发性污染死鱼事件应急监测的实施和要求.     

大口子水库的生物学调查与评价

为了解大口子水库水质的污染状况及污染趋势，淮安市环境监测中心站于“九五”期间对大口子水库进行了生物分析指标的监测和生物学评价。结果表明，“九五”期间，大口子水库的水质呈典型富营养化状态，且营养化程度有加重趋势；底栖动物群落的调查结果显示，化学毒性污染稍有好转，有机物污染占主导地位。提出，该水域不宜继续作为养殖基地进行水产养殖，对其污染的治理已刻不容缓。     

Hare or Tortoise? Trade-offs in Recovering Sustainable Bioeconomic Systems

In this paper, we develop a framework for (a) the study of sustainability of dynamic bioeconomic systems and (b) the definition of recovery paths from unsustainable situations. We assume that the system follows a sustainable trajectory if it evolves over time within a set of multidimensional constraints. We use the mathematical concept of viability to characterize sustainability. Recovery paths are studied with regards to their duration and their acceptability. This general framework is applied to the issue of recovering sustainable fisheries. We define sustainability in a fishery as the requirement that a set of economic, ecological, and social constraints is satisfied at all times. Recovery paths are characterized by the time required to obtain sustainable exploitation conditions in the fishery and by the acceptable recovery costs for fishermen. In particular, we identify the recovery path which minimizes the time of crisis under a minimum transition profit constraint. We then describe the trade-off between speed and accepted costs of recovery paths, by comparing “Hare”-like high-speed–high-cost strategies to “Tortoise”-like low-speed–low-cost strategies. We illustrate our results by means of a numerical analysis of the Bay of Biscay Nephrops fishery.     

A moving target—incorporating knowledge of the spatial ecology of fish into the assessment and management of freshwater fish populations

Freshwater fish move vertically and horizontally through the aquatic landscape for a variety of reasons, such as to find and exploit patchy resources or to locate essential habitats (e.g., for spawning). Inherent challenges exist with the assessment of fish populations because they are moving targets. We submit that quantifying and describing the spatial ecology of fish and their habitat is an important component of freshwater fishery assessment and management. With a growing number of tools available for studying the spatial ecology of fishes (e.g., telemetry, population genetics, hydroacoustics, otolith microchemistry, stable isotope analysis), new knowledge can now be generated and incorporated into biological assessment and fishery management. For example, knowing when, where, and how to deploy assessment gears is essential to inform, refine, or calibrate assessment protocols. Such information is also useful for quantifying or avoiding bycatch of imperiled species. Knowledge of habitat connectivity and usage can identify critically important migration corridors and habitats and can be used to improve our understanding of variables that influence spatial structuring of fish populations. Similarly, demographic processes are partly driven by the behavior of fish and mediated by environmental drivers. Information on these processes is critical to the development and application of realistic population dynamics models. Collectively, biological assessment, when informed by knowledge of spatial ecology, can provide managers with the ability to understand how and when fish and their habitats may be exposed to different threats. Naturally, this knowledge helps to better evaluate or develop strategies to protect the long-term viability of fishery production. Failure to understand the spatial ecology of fishes and to incorporate spatiotemporal data can bias population assessments and forecasts and potentially lead to ineffective or counterproductive management actions.