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1.
毛细管气相色谱法分析土壤中有机氯农药   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
不分流毛细管气相色谱法分析土壤中有机氯农药,可解决样品某些干扰问题。666与DDT各组分的检测限分别为≤0.0005和≤0.002mg/kg。  相似文献   

2.
双道原子荧光法测定土壤中砷和汞   总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12  
探讨了用王水消解,硼氢化钾还原,原子荧光法连续测定土壤样品中砷和汞。检测限As为0.028mg/kg,Hg为0.0099mg/kg,方法简便,结果较好。  相似文献   

3.
土壤中残留的三种有机磷农药快速分析方法的研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
本文介绍一种简便,快速的前处理和气相色谱法测定土壤中甲胺磷.乐果及甲基—1605残留量。选择甲醇—丙酮混合溶剂为萃取剂,振荡后取未经净化及浓缩的上清液直接进样。样品加标回收率分别为85.7%,93.4%,92.0%;最低检出浓度分别为0.1mg/kg,0.005mg/kg,0.005mg/kg。  相似文献   

4.
选择较有代表性的宁波市郊慈镇作为典型,调查分析了铜业乡镇企业对周围农业环境的污染情况。调查结果表明,污染源附近水域水质铜含量为0.009~8.461mg/L,超标率为43.8%,锌为0.02~5.92mg/L,超标率为37.5%。土壤中铜的含量为33.1~326.2mg/kg,超标率为72.2%。粮食中铜含量为2.19~24.20mg/kg,超标率为37.5%。  相似文献   

5.
气相色谱法测定废水和废气中N‘,N—二甲基甲酰胺   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
以气相色谱石英毛细管柱分离,FID检测,测定废水和废气中N’,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF),在1.0mg/L ̄1881.0mg/L范围内有良好的线性关系,检测限:废水为0.5mg/L;废气为0.8mg/m^3,样品测定的相对标准差为4% ̄8%,回收率在76% ̄112%之间,精密度和准确度均较好。  相似文献   

6.
石墨炉原子吸收法测定废水中锑   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
以钯作基改进剂建立了测定废水中锑的石墨炉原子吸收光谱分析法。方法线性范围为0mg/L-10mg/L,检测限为0.02mg/L。相对标准差为3%,回收率为96.7%-101.3%,结果令人满意。  相似文献   

7.
光离子化检测器便携式气相色谱仪快速测定空气中苯系物   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
本文研究了使用光离子化检测器便携式气相色谱仪,直接测定空气中mg/m3级苯系物(苯、甲苯、乙苯、邻、间、对位的二甲苯及异丙苯)的快速分析方法。方法的线性范围为0~100mg/m3,相关系数均在0.999以上,方法的变异系数分别为2.9~12.5%(5mg/m3),3.4~7.9%(30mg/m3),方法最低检测限达0.2~1.0mg/m3。  相似文献   

8.
研究小东江水闸至斜岭全程10Km河段底质中石油和酚类污染物含量的沿程分布,并对底质进行浸溶试验,结果表明,该河段底质中石油平均含量为27.58mg/kg,酚类为0.098mg/kg,石油平均浸出率为35%,酚类平均浸出率为49%,在一定的条件下,可能导致水体的二次污染。  相似文献   

9.
以CPB20毛细管柱氢火焰检测器检测己内酰胺,水样可不经较多地处理即可测定。方法线性范围0mg/L-50mg/L,检测限0.5mg/L,加标回收在79%-125%之间。  相似文献   

10.
气相分子吸收光谱法测定废水中硫化物   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
应用分子吸收光谱地不同行业废水中的硫化物进行了测定。当水样不含干扰物质时可直接测定,否则需经沉淀、过滤、洗涤前处理。进行一与碘量法和吹气-对氨基二甲基苯胺光度法的对比试验,所测结果较为一致。分子吸收光谱法的线性范围为0.1mg/L ̄4.0mg/L。取5mL样品直接测定,检测限为0.05mg/L;取5mL样品沉淀等有处理后,检测限为0.005mg/L。测定速度快,直接测定最多2min即可测一个样品;  相似文献   

11.
微波消解-原子吸收光度法测定土壤中铜锌铅镉镍铬   总被引:24,自引:5,他引:24       下载免费PDF全文
用微波消解-原子吸收光度法测定土壤中铜,锌,铅,镉,镍和铬。通过硝酸-氢氟酸-过氧化氢体系消解液对土壤样品消解,选择出微波最佳消解条件。对硝酸-盐酸-过氧化氢体系消解液和硝酸-氢氟酸-过氧化氢体系消解液进行消解对比试验,发现前者不能将土壤样品完全消解,后者能将样品消解完全,但需将消解液中剩余的酸赶尽,否则测定结果将明显偏低。微波消解土壤与传统电热消解相比,操作简便快速,可提高工作效率。  相似文献   

12.
Material Disposal Area G is the primary low-levelradioactive waste disposal site at Los Alamos NationalLaboratory, New Mexico, and is adjacent to Pueblo of SanIldefonso lands. Pueblo residents and Los Alamos scientists areconcerned about radiological doses resulting from uptake of AreaG radionuclides by mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) andRocky Mountain elk (Cervus elaphus), then consumption ofdeer and elk meat by humans. Tissue samples were collected fromdeer and elk accidentally killed near Area G and were analyzedfor 3H, 90Sr, total U, 238Pu, 239, 240Pu,241Am, and 137Cs. These data were used to estimatehuman doses based on meat consumption of 23 kg y-1. Humandoses were also modeled using RESRAD, and dose rates to deer andelk were estimated with a screening model. Dose estimates tohumans from tissue consumption were 2.9 × 10-3 mSv y-1and 1.6 × 10-3 mSv y-1 from deer and elk, respectively,and RESRAD dose estimates were of the same order of magnitude. Estimated dose rates to deer and elk were 2.1 × 10-4 mGyd-1 and 4.7 × 10-4 mGy d-1, respectively. Allestimated doses were significantly less than established exposurelimits or guidelines.  相似文献   

13.
The aim of the study was to determine the extent of heavy metal pollution in the vicinity of a lead battery manufacturing plant in the Czech Republic, both in the general environment and within homes. Topsoils (0–5 cm) were sampled from 100 sites along 4 transects which crossed the battery factory, the town centre and outlying rural areas. Housedust samples were collected from 15 plant-workers' homes and 15 non plant-workers' homes located at various distances from the factory. Samples were analysed for levels of Pb, Zn, Cd, Cu, As and Sb, using ICP-AES. Soil concentrations of Pb, Cd, As and Sb peaked at the perimeter fence of the battery factory with Pb levels of up to 12 650 g g> -1. Concentrations of these metals decreased exponentially within 500 m of the plant. Whilst the battery factory does appear to be a source of all the metals with the exception of Zn, emissions do not appear to be transported to any great extent over distances of more than 0.5 km. Topsoil and housedust concentrations of Pb, Zn, Cd, Cu, As and Sb in the general Mlada Boleslav area do not appear to be significantly different from those recorded in a large scale survey of urban soils in the United Kingdom. A comparison of housedust Pb concentrations in homes of plant workers and non-plant workers suggests that there may be a small input of Pb into the home environment by battery plant employees.  相似文献   

14.
An important research area in life sciences is devoted to modeling, prediction, and dynamics of gene-expression patterns. As clearly understood in these days, this enterprise cannot become satisfactory without acknowledging the role of the environment. To a representation of past, present, and most likely future states, we also encounter measurement errors and uncertainties. This paper surveys and improves recent advances in understanding the foundations and interdisciplinary implications of the newly introduced gene–environment networks, and it integrates the important theme of carbon dioxide emission reduction into the networks and dynamics. We also introduce some operational and managerial issues of practical working and decision making, expressed in terms of sliding windows, quadrants (modules) of parametric effects, and navigating (controlling) between such effects and directing them. Given data from DNA microarray experiments and environmental records, we extract nonlinear ordinary differential equations that contain parameters that have to be determined. For this, we employ modern (Chebychevian) approximation and (generalized semi-infinite) optimization. After this is provided, time- discretized dynamical systems are studied. A combinatorial algorithm with polyhedra sequences allows to detect the region of parametric stability. Finally, we analyze the topological landscape of gene–environment networks with its structural (in)stability. By embedding as a module and investigating CO2 emission control and figuring out game theoretical aspects, we conclude. This pioneering work is theoretically elaborated, practically devoted to health care, medicine, education, living conditions, and environmental protection, and it invites the readers to future research.   相似文献   

15.
The San Francisco Estuary Regional Monitoring Program for Trace Substances (RMP) began in 1993 and is sponsored by 74 local, state, and federal agencies and companies through their discharge or Bay use permits. The RMP monitors water, sediment, toxicity, and bivalve bioaccumulation at 25 sites in the Bay that are considered to represent "background" conditions. Several major environmental issues have been identified by the RMP. Polychlorinated biphenyls and mercury were often above water quality guidelines, and often occurred in fish tissues above U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) screening values. Concentrations do not appear to be decreasing, suggesting continuing inputs. Episodes of aquatic toxicity often occurred following runoff events that transport contaminants into the Bay from urbanized and agricultural portions of the watershed. Sediment toxicity occurred throughout the Bay, and has been correlated with concentrations of specific contaminants (chlordanes, polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons) at some locations; mixtures of contaminants were probably also important. Since the RMP does not monitor all ecosystem components, assessments of the overall condition of the Bay cannot be made. However, in terms of contamination, the RMP samples suggest that the South Bay, and North Bay sites are moderately contaminated.  相似文献   

16.
This paper gives mathematical details and sample applications of SWAGMAN Farm (SWAGMAN, Salt Water and Groundwater Management), a farm-scale hydrologic economic model that integrates agronomic, climatic, irrigation, hydrogeological and economic aspects of irrigated agriculture. The model is capable of determining optimum mix of land use to keep watertable and soil salinity within acceptable limits while maximising the economic returns. Alternatively, the model can simulate water and salt balance and economics of a given cropping preference. Web-based and Geographic Information Systems versions of the model are available for integration with the environmental reporting systems of the irrigation areas.  相似文献   

17.
A migratory population of 78 pairs of Osprey (Pandion haliaetus) nesting along the Willamette River in westernOregon was studied in 1993. The study was designed to determinecontaminant concentrations in eggs, contaminant concentrationsin fish species predominant in the Ospreys diet, andBiomagnification Factors (BMFs) of contaminants from fish specieseaten to Osprey eggs. Ten Osprey eggs and 25 composite samplesof fish (3 species) were used to evaluate organochlorine (OC)pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polychlorinateddibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), and polychlorinated dibenzofurans(PCDFs). Mercury was also analyzed in fish. Geometric meanresidues in Osprey eggs were judged low, e.g., DDE 2.3 g g-1 wet weight (ww), PCBs 0.69 g g-1, 2,3,7,8-TCDD 2.3 ng kg-1, and generally well below known threshold values for adverse effects on productivity, and the population was increasing. Osprey egg residue data presentedby River Mile (RM) are discussed, e.g., higher PCDDs were generally found immediately downstream of paper mills and eggsfrom the Willamette River had significantly elevated PCBs and PCDDs compared to reference eggs collected nearby in the CascadeMountains. Prey remains at nest sites indicated that the Largescale Sucker (Catostomus macrocheilus) and NorthernPikeminnow (Ptychocheilus oregonensis) accounted for an estimated 90.1% of the biomass in the Osprey diet, and composite samples of these two species were collected from different sampling sites throughout the study area for contaminant analyses. With the large percentage of the fishbiomass in the Osprey diet sampled for contaminants (and fisheaten by Ospreys similar in size to those chemically analyzed),and fish contaminant concentrations weighted by biomass intake, a mean BMF was estimated from fish to Osprey eggs for the largeseries of contaminants. BMFs ranged from no biomagnification(0.42) for 2,3,7,8-TCDF to 174 for OCDD. Our findings for themigratory Osprey were compared to BMFs for the resident HerringGull (Larus argentatus), and differences are discussed. Webelieve a BMF approach provides some basic understanding ofrelationships between contaminant burdens in prey species offish-eating birds and contaminants incorporated into their eggs,and may prove useful in understanding sources of contaminants inmigratory species although additional studies are needed.  相似文献   

18.
The draft of the German guideline to calculate automobile exhaust dispersion is explained. It contains a two-stage-system: For first quick estimates the guideline contains the simple models MLuS and STREET. In case these models are not applicable or their results shows concentration levels close to the air quality standards, the more complex models PROKAS_V and MISKAM are recommended. PROKAS_V is a Gaussian plume model, MISKAM is a 3-dimensional microscale non hydrostatic flow model for built-up areas with an Eulerian dispersion model. The guideline comprises cases in rural areas without or with few adjacent buildings as well as urban areas with buildings near the roads. The contribution gives information about the models, typical results and some of the problems showing up presently.  相似文献   

19.
The population counts of hydrocarbon-utilising yeasts weremonitored at six sampling stations in the Benin City municipalarea over a four-week period. Although the population countswere relatively constant in each locality, the highest countsoccurred in areas heavily polluted by domestic and industrialeffluents. A total of thirty-five hydrocarbon-degrading yeastswere isolated from soil at the sampling stations usingn-hexadecane as sole carbon source. The isolates were identifiedas belonging to the genera Candida (27 strains), Endomycopsis (4 strains). All the organisms grew on long-chainn-alkane, kerosene, diesel oil and crude oil but failed to growon short-chain n-alkane, aromatic and alicyclic hydrocarbons.Measurement of growth attributes of the isolates usingn-hexadecane, diesel oil and crude oil as substrates showed thatthe Candida species were better utilizers of hydrocarbonsubstrates relative to Endomycopsis and Schizosaccharomyces species.  相似文献   

20.
The stable nitrogen isotope ratios of some biota have been used as indicators of sources of anthropogenic nitrogen. In this study the relationships of the stable nitrogen isotope ratios of marsh plants, Iva frutescens (L.), Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin ex Steud, Spartina patens (Ait.) Muhl, Spartina alterniflora Loisel, Ulva lactuca (L.), and Enteromorpha intestinalis (L.) with wastewater nitrogen and land development in New England are described. Five of the six plant species (all but U. lactuca) showed significant relationships of increasing δ 15N values with increasing wastewater nitrogen. There was a significant (P < 0.0001) downward shift in the δ 15N of S. patens (6.0 ± 0.48‰) which is mycorrhizal compared with S. alterniflora (8.5 ± 0.41‰). The downward shift in δ 15N may be caused by the assimilation of fixed nitrogen in the roots of S. patens. P. australis within sites had wide ranges of δ 15N values, evidently influenced by the type of shoreline development or buffer at the upland border. In residential areas, the presence of a vegetated buffer (n = 24 locations) significantly (P < 0.001) reduced the δ 15N (mean = 7.4 ± 0.43‰) of the P. australis compared to stands where there was no buffer (mean = 10.9 ± 1.0‰; n = 15). Among the plant species, I. frutescens located near the upland border showed the most significant (R 2 = 0.64; P = 0.006) inverse relationship with the percent agricultural land in the watershed. The δ 15N of P. australis and I. frustescens is apparently an indicator of local inputs near the upland border, while the δ 15N of Spartina relates with the integrated, watershed-sea nitrogen inputs.  相似文献   

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