The effect of atmospheric pollution on α-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase activity in the satin moth (Leucoma salicis (L.))

The purpose of this study was to investigate how various combinations of atmospheric pollutants may affect -GPDH activity in the satin moth. Enzyme activity was measured in crude larva and pupa as well as in hoogenates from the fat body and thoracic muscles of adults. The insects were divided into five groups and treated with dust (containing heavy metals) and gaseous pollutants (SO₂, NO_x) in different concentrations. Specific activity of -GPDH was the highest in thoracic muscles of adult satin moth and was significantly higher in males, regardless of their origin. Low concentration of SO₂ caused stimulation of enzyme activity but simultaneous action of SO₂, NO_x and heavy metal containing dust with accompanied acid precipitation caused inhibition of -GPDH activity, probably as the result of sulphite bounds with pyridine and flavin nucleotides.     

基于灰关联分析的天津市气溶胶消光特征研究

根据天津市秋季(2006年10月10日～20日)消光系数(bext)、PM2.5、SO2、NOX、NO2、O3质量浓度及相对湿度监测结果,利用灰色关联分析法分析大气消光系数同空气中的几种主要污染要素的相关性。结果表明,与消光系数有关的几种主要指标的灰关联度序为PM2.5NOXRHNO2O3,其中PM2.5与消光系数的灰关联系数达到0.905,远高于其他相关指标。同时对PM2.5和消光系数相关分析表明,监测期间天津市PM2.5质量消光系数为6.04m2/g。     

Case studies on summertime measurements of O3, NO2, and SO2 with a DOAS system in an urban semi-industrial region in Athens, Greece

The objective of this study is to analyze the concentrations of SO₂, NO₂, and O₃ measured by a Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (DOAS) system that was operating at the campus of Technological Education Institute of Piraeus during 2008 and 2009 warm periods (July to September) in relation to the prevailing meteorological conditions. The DOAS system was operating in a particularly polluted area of the West part of Attica basin on a continuous basis, measuring the concentration levels of the main pollutants (O₃, NO₂, and SO₂) as well as aromatic hydrocarbon substances (benzene, toluene, and xylene). According to the analysis, the SO₂ concentration levels at this measuring site are rather high and this may be attributed to the characteristics of this measuring site. Proximity of roadways and local circulation are just some of the factors that can affect the concentration levels of monitoring of pollutant concentrations such as NO₂ and surface ozone. The results provide evidence for the occurrence of an atmospheric phenomenon that produces higher ozone concentrations during weekends despite lower concentrations of ozone precursors. This phenomenon is known as the weekend effect.     

深圳市大气能见度特征分析及其与主要污染物因子相关性分析

近些年,随着深圳市大气污染防治举措的加强,空气质量不断趋好。文章汇总了深圳市2006～2009年大气能见度特征数据,分析了深圳市能见度的年度、季度和月度变化,发现近些年深圳市大气能见度具有向好的发展趋势。探讨了大气能见度与空气主要污染物PM10、NO2、SO2的相关关系,计算了PEARSON相关系数和偏相关系数,发现PM10浓度与能见度具有显著相关性。在此基础上总结了各个主要污染物与能见度的回归曲线。利用多元线性回归法建立了大气能见度与空气主要污染物PM10、NO2、SO2之间的回归方程。     

烟花爆竹禁燃对春节期间东北地区空气质量影响评估

利用2015—2017年春节期间东北地区主要大气污染物(PM_(10)、PM_(2.5)、SO_2、NO_2、CO和O3)质量浓度监测资料及相应气象因子(温度、湿度、风速和气压)观测资料,分析了春节期间烟花爆竹禁燃对东北地区空气质量的影响。结果表明:随着东北地区主要城市禁燃力度的增强,空气质量逐年提升,PM_(2.5)和SO_2浓度逐年大幅度下降。禁燃可明显降低城区PM_(2.5)浓度,而由于春节期间污染源整体减少,城区和城郊监测点PM_(2.5)浓度值差异减小。烟花爆竹对PM_(10)和PM_(2.5)浓度影响高于对气体污染物SO_2、NO_2和CO的影响。此外,气象条件对东北地区春节期间禁燃改善空气质量的效果也有明显影响。因此,结合春节期间的气象条件,在东北地区实施禁燃政策动态调整非常必要。     

哈大绥城市“十三五”期间大气环境容量分析

根据2016—2020年哈尔滨市、大庆市、绥化市(以下称哈大绥)国控环境空气自动监测站的SO₂、NO₂、PM_2.5监测资料,统计年鉴中行政区划、污染物排放及气象等监测数据,分析哈大绥区域环境空气质量的变化趋势和测算因子,采用A值法核定了哈大绥区域SO₂、NO₂、PM_2.5的大气环境容量。结果表明:哈大绥SO₂、NO₂、PM_2.5 3项污染物采暖季的大气环境容量均呈逐年递增趋势。通过计算环境承载能力发现,哈大绥SO₂、NO₂、PM_2.5 3项污染物在非采暖季均具有高承载能力,哈大绥非采暖季环境容量高于采暖季。哈尔滨的个别污染物仍然处于临界超载状态,为减少重污染天气,应进一步削减采暖季污染物排放量。     

2016年长沙市环境空气质量的“周末效应”及“假日效应”

通过获取2016年长沙市连续在线观测得到的PM₁₀、PM_2.5、NO₂、O₃、CO和 SO₂逐时浓度资料，对工作日、周末、节假日（尤其是春节）的空气质量优良天数、污染物浓度变化特征进行对比分析，长沙市2016年6项污染物均表现出一定的"周末效应"现象，周末日平均浓度均低于工作日及全年的日平均浓度，其中PM_2.5最为明显；PM₁₀和PM_2.5浓度均星期一最高，星期六最低，CO和 SO₂浓度周末也均处于相对最低水平，NO₂和O₃在周末的平均浓度略低于工作日水平或与其持平。国庆假期，由于城区人口、车辆减少，长沙大气环境质量相对较好，而春节假期，由于受到烟花爆竹集中燃放的影响，PM₁₀、PM_2.5和SO₂浓度远超过全年平均水平，这在一定程度上说明人类活动对污染物浓度及大气环境质量变化具有一定的影响力。     

An Analysis of Secondary Pollutants in Buenos Aires City

Air pollutant concentrations from a monitoring campaign in Buenos Aires City, Argentina, are used to investigate the relationships between ambient levels of ozone (O₃), nitric oxide (NO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) as a function of NO _x (=NO + NO₂). This campaign undertaken by the electricity sector was aimed at elucidating the apportionment of thermal power plants to air quality deterioration. Concentrations of carbon monoxide (CO) and sulphur dioxide (SO₂) were also registered. Photo stationary state (PSS) of the NO, NO₂, O₃ and peroxy radicals species has been analysed. The ‘oxidant’ level concept has been introduced, OX (=O₃ + NO₂), which varies with the level of NO _x . It is shown that this level is made up of NO _x -independent and NO _x -dependent contributions. The former is a regional contribution that equates the background O₃ level, whereas the latter is a local contribution that correlates with the level of primary pollution. Furthermore, the anticorrelation between NO₂ and O₃ levels, which is a characteristic of the atmospheric photo stationary cycle has been verified.The analysis of the concentration of the primary pollutants CO and NO strongly suggests that the vehicle traffic is the principal source of them. Levels of continuous measurements of SO₂ for Buenos Aires City are reported in this work as a complement of previously published results.     

2001—2020年合肥市空气质量变化趋势研究

为系统分析合肥市长时间序列空气质量变化特征,对合肥市2001—2020年SO₂、NO₂和PM₁₀,以及2013—2020年CO、O₃和PM_2.5的浓度特征开展研究。采用Mann-Kendall(M-K)时间趋势检验法分析了6项污染物的时间变化规律,同时考虑了人为活动对污染物小时浓度的影响。结果表明,PM_2.5和O₃是目前影响合肥市空气质量的首要污染物。2014年以来,合肥市PM₁₀、PM_2.5、CO和SO₂年均浓度均呈逐年下降趋势,但NO₂和O₃污染有加剧趋势。合肥市SO₂和颗粒物浓度表现为冬春季节高、夏秋季节低;O₃浓度变化趋势与之相反;NO₂和CO浓度呈秋冬季节高、春夏季节低。     

Variation in spatial pattern of criteria air pollutants before and during initial rain of monsoon

Spatial patterns of various criteria air pollutants,like SO₂, NO₂, O₃, and TSP were studied atShahdara National Ambient Air Quality Monitoring stationin Delhi (India) in July 1999. The minimum pollutantconcentrations were observed during morning hours,whereas the highest concentrations were found during thelate night hours, which seem to be related with thevehicular emission. Pre-monsoon daily ambient airquality spatial pattern was compared with the spatialpattern during initial and subsequent rain shower ofmonsoon. These spatial patterns were found to beessentially the same before and during rain, however asignificant decrease in SO₂, NO₂ and TSPconcentrations (40-45%) was observed after initial andsubsequent rains of the monsoon, demonstrating theimportance of rainfall in the scavenging of thesecriteria air pollutants.