城市垃圾及其它有害废物的焚烧处理技术现状与展望

本文概述了国内外城市垃圾和有害废物焚烧处地设备的发展与应用现状并展望了今后２０年废物焚烧处理技术与应用的发展趋势。     

环境一号卫星环境应用系统工程及其关键技术研究进展

简介长达11年的国家重点项目“环境一号卫星环境应用系统工程及其关键技术研究”的核心内容及其重要研究成果，对环境一号卫星系统需求分析、设计理论、研制发射和运行应用全过程进行了完整的研究与实践，为环境一号卫星系统的建设、应用和业务运行奠定了重要基础。     

塔里木河干流区域土地利用遥感动态监测

介绍了TM数据在土地利用动态监测中的应用方法，通过不同时期(2000年和2002年)的TM卫星影像，单独分类结果的对比，得出塔里木河干流区域土地利用动态变化信息。     

炼油企业污水回用绿化灌溉对土壤的影响

总结了国内外炼油废水深度处理和回用的研究与生产应用的现状及近10年来处理炼油废水回用深度处理的一些新的工艺、技术和工业化应用的进展，指出了我国炼油废水回用的发展趋势．     

运用灰色系统的GM（1，1）模型对城市噪声的综合预测

应用GM（1，1）模型，对大同市各功能区环境噪声进行综合预测，得出了大同市未来几年城市噪声的变化趋势。     

灰色系统模型在总悬浮物预测中的应用

以１９８６－１９９４年东北某城市总悬浮物统计资料为依据，应用灰色系统理论ＧＭ（１，１）模型对总量浮物数值进行预测分析。     

新疆生态环境遥感监测与综合评价

应用RS和GIS技术,采用综合指数评价法,对全疆区域各县市生态环境质量及其动态变化进行了系统的综合评价和对比分析。结果显示新疆生态环境质量总体较差,而且在空间上存在较大差异;与2000年相比,2002年新疆生态环境质量呈现总体变化不大的态势。     

环境空气应急监测的多技术手段与典型案例研究

通过调研2003—2018年全国189起突发环境空气事件,分析事件特征和现场应急监测存在的问题,结合新修订发布的环境应急监测标准和文件,以2019年某火灾事件应急监测为案例,探讨基于多技术手段联用的监测布点方案、应急监测技术和监测方式在实际工作中的应用成效。实践表明,采用多来源监测资源与新发展监测技术联合应用的新型环境空气应急监测模式,可实现多技术部门协作及现场应急多元监测资源的高效利用,提高突发环境空气事件的应急监测效率。     

分散液液微萃取技术在环境金属离子分析中的影响因素及应用

分散液液微萃取技术作为新型的样品前处理技术，由于其具有操作简便、费用低、富集倍数高等优点，已得到广泛认可和应用。文章综述了近5年来分散液液微萃取技术在环境金属离子分析中的进展，特别叙述了分析过程中的影响因素以及在环境分析中的应用，对此方法的原理作了简要介绍。     

中国环境空气质量手工监测技术规范需改进的几点建议

现有环境空气质量手工监测技术规范颁布于2005年,至今已近10年,这期间部分标准分析方法被废止,部分有所更新,并新增了很多标准分析方法。2012年颁布的新环境空气质量标准中增加的PM2.5、镉、汞、砷、六价铬等项目在手工监测技术规范中未涉及。针对手工监测技术规范在实际应用中存在的问题提出几点修订建议。     

The spatial convergence and drivers of environmental efficiency under haze constraints - Evidence from China

Haze has seriously threatened the ecological environment and public health, so researching environmental efficiency under haze constraints is significant in managing pollution and evaluating the balance between economic development and environmental health. Based on the panel data of China's 99 cities during 2005–2017, this paper uses α-convergence and β-convergence models to analyze the spatial convergence of environmental efficiency under haze constraints and its drivers in China,specifically in Eastern China, Central China, and Western China.The main results are as follows: (1) The trend of environmental efficiency under haze constraints in these regions evidently follows a dumbbell curve. In recent years, it has been growing slowly in Eastern China, Central China, and Western China, and the environmental efficiency in the Eastern China is the highest, the Central China is the second, and the Western China is the lowest; (2) it demonstrates both α-convergence and β-convergence in Central China, Western China, and Eastern China, and the speed of convergence is the fastest in the Central China, the second in the Western China and the slowest in the Eastern China; there is a “catch-up effect” in cities from less environmentally efficient regions to more efficient regions; and (3) Industrial structure and degree of trade dependence have a significantly negative correlation; characteristics of the region and dependence on foreign investment have significantly positive correlations with the environmental efficiency of Eastern China and Central China; environmental regulations and economic scale limit the improvement of environmental efficiency of Central China and Western China; and technological innovation significantly impacts Eastern China only. Although the paper refers to the specific evidence of China, with haze as a new indicator in the comprehensive evaluation of environmental efficiency can be extended to other developing countries as well as to other pollutants such as land pollution and waste water. The understanding of drivers of environmental efficiency under haze constraints in China provides international policy-makers with valuable reference for formulating effective measures to balance the dilemma between economic development and environmental health.     

Modeling distribution changes of vegetation in China under future climate change

Climatic change will result in great changes in vegetation. In this paper, a biogeographical model, the BIOME1, was used to predict potential vegetation distribution in China under climate change. Firstly, the BIOME1 was validated according to the climate–vegetation relationships in China. Kappa statistics showed that the validated BIOME1 was able to capture the geographical patterns of vegetation more accurately. Then, the validated BIOME1 was used to predict the distribution of vegetation of China under two climatic scenarios produced by a Regional Circulation Model, RegCM2/CN. The simulation results showed obvious northward shifts of the boreal, temperate deciduous and evergreen and tropical forests, a large expansion of tropical dry forest/savanna and reduction of tundra on the Tibetan Plateau. Three vulnerable regions sensitive to climate changes are pointed out, i.e., Northern China, the Tibetan Plateau and Southwestern China (mainly Hengduan Mountains in Yunnan Province and west of Sichuan Province). In recent decades, China has experienced dramatic industrialization and population growth, which exert strong pressure on the environment of China. The consequences of climate changes warrant more attention for maintaining a sustainable environment for China.     

基于OMI数据的中国臭氧总量时空分布特征

基于OMI数据产品OMITO3e,提取了中国2005—2011年臭氧总量信息,并对其空间分布和时间演变特征加以分析。研究结果表明:在空间上,中国臭氧总量呈现北高南低、东高西低的特征,峰值出现在东北地区,夏秋季节在青藏高原存在明显的臭氧低谷;在纬度上,中国东北部臭氧总量纬向偏差为正,在其他区域为负;在时间上,中国臭氧总量呈现明显的季节变化特征,冬春季节高,夏秋季节低,最大值多出现在3月,最低值多出现在10月。     

“入世”对我国环境监测工作的影响及对策初探

加入 WTO后 ,我国环境监测工作将面临重大的挑战和机遇 ,文章初步分析了入世对我国环境监测工作的正负面影响以及现存的若干问题 ,积极探索了环境监测工作的新战略和新思路 ,提出了创建新体制和适应新形势的对策。     

Survey of phthalate pollution in arable soils in China

The problem of pollution by phthalates is of global concern due to their widespread occurrence, toxicity and endocrine disruption properties. The contamination by phthalates such as dimethyl phthalate (DMP), diethyl phthalate (DEP), di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) and di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) in 23 arable soils throughout China was investigated to evaluate the present pollution situation. The survey results demonstrated that phthalates were ubiquitous pollutants in soils in China. The total concentrations of phthalates differed from one location to another, and ranged from 0.89 to 10.03 mg kg(-1) with a median concentration of 3.43 mg kg(-1). Among the phthalates, DEHP was dominant and detected in all 23 soils. DEP and DBP were also in abundance, and DMP was rarely detected. Similar contamination patterns were observed in all 23 soils. A distinct feature of phthalate pollution in China was that the average concentration in northern China was higher than that in southern China. In addition, a close relationship was observed between the concentration of phthalates in soils and the consumption of agricultural film. The correlation showed that the application of agriculture film might be a significant pollution source of phthalates in arable soils of China. The potential risk of phthalates in soils was assessed on the basis of current guide values and limits.     

Temporal-spatial evolution analysis on low carbon city performance in the context of China

Carbon emission reduction in the Chinese cities can make significant contributions to the mission of global emission reduction. Therefore, the promotion of low-carbon cities (LCC) in China is of great importance to achieve this mission. This paper examines the performance of practicing LCC in China by conducting a temporal-spatial evolution analysis on LCC performance. By combining the entropy weight method and the linear weighted sum method, the LCC performance score is calculated to help establish performance grades. The quartile method and the Boston matrix method are used to conduct temporal analysis and spatial analysis respectively. The data employed in this study were collected from 34 cities in China for the period from 2006 to 2018. The findings are as follows: (1) The overall LCC performance in China has been improved in recent years and the implementation of the low carbon pilot project (LCPP) has made contributions to this improvement. (2) The LCC performance of those cities in Southern China is generally better than that in Northern cities. (3) Good LCC performance cities are those economically developed cities, in which the industrial structure is dominated by low carbon industries. This study provides a holistic picture of the LCC practice in China and also provides supportive references for policymakers to make tailor-made measures to improve the LCC performance internationally.     

全国光化学监测网络建设面临的问题分析及策略初探

当前中国大气污染形势依然严峻,挥发性有机物作为臭氧的重要前体物之一,对环境空气质量的影响日益突出。建设全国重点区域光化学监测网络,可为全面加强挥发性有机物污染防治工作和有效监测光化学污染提供基础监测平台。笔者通过分析中国光化学监测的现状和面临的挑战,探讨了中国光化学监测网络建设的发展思路,并提出了各层级环境监测单位、科研院所、设备企业和监测服务公司的协同发展策略。     

我国典型村庄农村环境质量监测与评价

选取典型村庄,基于农村环境质量监测和评价方法,对典型村庄2014年农村环境质量进行监测和评价,结果表明:典型村庄环境空气质量状况总体良好,达标比例为82.0%,超标村庄多分布在中国西北地区;农村饮用水源地水质较差,总体水质达标比例为67.1%,地表水和地下水饮用水源地水质达标比例分别为89.8%和52.6%;农村地表水环境质量欠佳,Ⅰ~Ⅲ类水质断面占72.7%,饮用水水源地和地表水水质各地区均存在超标村庄;部分地区土壤重金属超标问题较为突出,出现监测项目超标情况村庄占20.6%,土壤超标村庄主要集中在中国东北、华中和华南等地区;农村生态质量状况相对较好,"较差"和"差"的县域主要分布在中国西北和华中北部地区。     

发达国家和地区生态环境监测发展经历对中国的启示

新形势下,中国生态环境监测面临新任务和新挑战,迫切需要明确发展思路和方向。因此,从环境监测管理体系、业务体系、标准方法体系等方面,举例浅析了美国、欧盟等发达国家和地区环境监测业务的发展现状,并从法制建设、体系优化、方法标准等方面对比分析了中国与发达国家和地区的差异及不足,总结归纳了适用于中国国情的先进经验与启示。在此基础上,初步研判了当前和今后一段时期中国生态环境监测的发展方向,并提出了相关建议,为加快推动实现中国生态环境监测的跨越式发展提供参考和借鉴。     

美国空气质量监测的经验与启示

2013年9月10日，国务院发布《大气污染防治行动计划》，为当前和今后一个时期全国大气污染防治工作提供行动指南。近年来，中国空气质量监测工作发展迅猛，但新的空气质量管理目标对空气质量监测水平提出了更高的要求。为了加强中国空气质量监测能力，文章总结了美国空气质量监测四十多年的发展历程，介绍了美国系统谋划监测战略、合理布设监测网络、严格控制数据质量、开展污染组分分析、科学应用监测结果、积极推动公众参与等方面的经验，为中国发展和完善空气质量监测体系提供参考，为切实改善空气质量提供技术支持。