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1.
几种烟气脱硫剂的脱硫性能试验   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
用添加Ca(OH)2的碱性水,含炉灰渣、赤泥的碱性工业废水及含有Fe2+、Mn2+催化剂的水溶液作为吸收液;以冷态模拟脱硫洗涤塔为吸收设备,研究了多种脱硫剂的脱硫效果。结果显示,Ca(OH)2、Fe2+、Mn2+催化剂对浓度为1000~2000ppm的SO2气体有较高脱硫效率;炉灰水、赤泥水对浓度为1000ppm左右的SO2气体有明显的脱硫效果  相似文献   

2.
单柱离子色谱法同时测定地面水中阴离子   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
单柱离子色谱法同时测定地面水中F-、Cl-、NO-2-N、NO-3-N、SO2-4阴离子。以2.5mM苯二甲酸、2.4mM三羟甲胺缓冲液为淋洗液,在pH=4.0,流速为1.5ml/min的条件下,测得各阴离子检出限、线性回归方程及相关系数、方法的精密度和准确度。  相似文献   

3.
填充柱气相色谱法测定废水中的乙酸根   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
废水经蒸馏预处理,采用5%PEG20M+05%H3PO4ChromosorbHP80~100目,2m×2mm玻璃填充柱,直接进预处理水样气相色谱法测定废水中的乙酸根,方法操作快速、简便,变异系数为4%和10%,加标回收率83%~105%,最小检出浓度为2mg/L  相似文献   

4.
研究了镉(Ⅱ)与4-(2-喹啉偶氮)-1,3-二羟萘(2-QADVM)的显色反应。结果表明:在0.3mnol/L氢氧化钠溶液中,当有十二烷基(2-羟乙基)二甲基氯化铵(DEMAC)存在时,镉(Ⅱ)与2-喹啉偶氮形成1:2橙红色络合物,λ_max为510_nm,摩尔吸光系数ε=1.2×105L·mol-1·cm-1,镉的浓度的在0~20μg/(25mL)范围内符合比尔定律,用2-喹啉偶氮作显色剂,可直接测定废水中的镉。试样用标准加入法测得回收率为96%~104%,相对标准偏差小于3%,用此法与双硫腙分光光度法对模拟镀镉废水进行了对比试验,其相对误差小于4%。  相似文献   

5.
光离子化检测器便携式气相色谱仪快速测定空气中苯系物   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
本文研究了使用光离子化检测器便携式气相色谱仪,直接测定空气中mg/m3级苯系物(苯、甲苯、乙苯、邻、间、对位的二甲苯及异丙苯)的快速分析方法。方法的线性范围为0~100mg/m3,相关系数均在0.999以上,方法的变异系数分别为2.9~12.5%(5mg/m3),3.4~7.9%(30mg/m3),方法最低检测限达0.2~1.0mg/m3。  相似文献   

6.
本工作从理论上分析了石灰(石)湿式洗涤法脱烟气中二氧化硫的化学原理并结合实验进行了该法的化学动力学特性、再碳酸化问题及洗涤液循环系统的研究,结果表明:净化器内洗涤温度控制在60℃以下,液气比大于40Kg/m3,洗涤液pH值控制在79的情况下,脱硫效果较佳  相似文献   

7.
本文用苦味酸溴代十六烷基吡啶离子对作为电活性物质,以邻苯二甲酸二辛酯为增塑剂,研制成以PVC为基质膜的苦味酸离子选择电极。苦味酸离子浓度在40×10-6~10×10-1M范围内,电极电位服从于Nernst方程,线性响应级差为-580mV/P苦味酸,在pH=30~105时电极不受pH影响,苦味酸离子浓度≥40×10-6M时电极电位的标准偏差小于099mV。测定了电极对硝酸根等干扰离子的选择性系数,仅2,6二硝基酚、2,4二硝基酚和钼酸根的选择性系数大于10×10-2。  相似文献   

8.
以1,2,4-三甲苯为内标,采用气相色谱/质谱联机的选择离子监测法(STM)对生产车间及周围环境空气中的氯上进行监测,检出下限为1.4ng,空气中氯化苄的检出浓度为0.025mg/m^3,回收率为93% ̄105%,具有较好的重现性和准确性。  相似文献   

9.
李吉文  邹文良 《干旱环境监测》1994,8(4):227-228,242
对乌鲁木齐地区5所医院1所卫生防疫站的医用诊断X射线机房内空气中正负离子浓度进行了调查,结果表明:透视和摄片机房空气中正负离子浓度分别为474±118,312±104(个/cm3)和404±101,256±78(个/cm3).单极系数(n+/n-)分别为1.52和1.58。正离子浓度均高于对照组(P<0.01),n+/n-相当于对照组的1,37和1.42倍。开机后空气中正离子浓度显著高于开机前浓度,n+/n-开机后相当于开机前的1.66和1.59倍,呈现出X线机房空气中正负离子严重失调。提示应加强有害因素的防护。  相似文献   

10.
本方法研究了液上空间气相色谱法测定工业废水1,1,1-三氯乙烷、四氯化碳、三氯甲烷三种挥发性卤代烃,采用填充气相色谱法以角鲨烷为固定液,用ChromosorbGAW-DMCS作为担体,在选定的条件下,1,1,1-三氯乙烷、四氯化碳、三氯甲烷能完全分离.同时也能与经常共存的二氯甲烷、三氯乙烯、四氯乙烯、一氯二溴甲烷、三溴甲烷完全分离而互不干扰。本方法的定性检出限是按全程序空白值标准偏差的3倍值计算。1,1,1-三氯乙烷、四氯化碳、三氯甲烷的定性检出限分别为2.4×10-2ng、2.10×10-4ng、0.13ng,当进样量为20ul时,1,1,1-三氯乙烷、四氯化碳、三氯甲烷的最低检出浓度分别为1.2×10-3mg/1、1.08×10-5mg/1、6.48×10-3mg/l。  相似文献   

11.
利用三氧化硫(SO3)发生装置以及模拟烟气湿法脱硫系统,研究了烟气再热温度、恒温水浴温度、采样速率、冷凝管类型规格及吸收瓶个数等不同采样参数对SO3酸雾采集率的影响。结果表明,当烟气再热温度低于烟气酸露点时会导致SO3酸雾收集率下降,采用控制冷凝法采样时应使用大流量(10L/min)采样,冷凝管应选择外套长度为400 mm的蛇形螺旋冷凝管,并将冷凝管置于温度为65℃左右的恒温水浴中;用碱液吸收法采样时应串联3个吸收瓶后,使用小流量(1L/min)采样。烟气温湿度、二氧化硫(SO2)浓度以及烟气中共存组分等对碱性吸收法的采集影响较大,而对控制冷凝法几乎没有影响。因此确立了针对湿法脱硫后高湿烟气环境下SO3酸雾的监测方法为控制冷凝法更为适宜。  相似文献   

12.
In this paper, a new algorithm for nitric oxide (NO) measurement based on multi-scale wavelet decomposition is proposed. The algorithm uses one-dimensional discrete multi-scale wavelet decomposition to analyze the transmission spectrum of flue gas. Through the different scales of decomposition, the relation between the absorption characteristics of NO gas and the reconstruction of wavelet coefficients is found. The DB9 wavelet can obtain the most obvious absorption characteristics of the NO gas. After calibration, the algorithm is used to measure the concentration of the mixture of NO and SO(2). The results show that the algorithm is efficient towards SO(2) absorption interference with a full-scale error less than ± 0.4% in laboratory conditions. The algorithm was then applied to field measurements with an overall standard deviation of 8.37 mg m(-3), which is better than 18.92 mg m(-3) determined by the least squares method. Under the interference of desulfurization, the full-scale measurement errors are less than ± 2%. In addition, the algorithm avoids using the reference spectrum, thereby reducing the aging of the light source effectively. It has strong anti-interference capability, good durability, and practicality in the continuous monitoring of NO.  相似文献   

13.
A diffusive sampler for NO2, Willems badge, was validated in laboratory experiments and field tests. The collecting reagent for NO2 in the sampler is triethanolamine, and the analysis is based on a modified colorimetric method, the Saltzman method. The analysis was performed by a flow injection analysis (FIA) technique. The sampling rate for the sampler was determined to be 40.0 ml min-1. There was no effect of NO2 concentration or relative humidity on sampling rate, and the influence of sampling time was found to be small. The detection limit was 4 micrograms m-3 for a 24 h sample. The capacity is high enough to allow sampling of 150 micrograms m-3 for 7 days, which is twice the recommended Swedish short-term (24 h) guideline value as a 98-percentile over 6 months. In field tests, the sampler performed well, even at wind speeds higher than 2 m s-1, and at low temperatures. The overall uncertainty of the method was 24%. The sensitivity and capacity of the method also make it suitable for personal sampling for 2-8 h in working environments.  相似文献   

14.
以某典型钢铁企业为研究对象,测定企业废气、废水、固废汞排放水平,并分析汞排放特征。研究表明,球团、烧结、高炉工艺废气排口烟尘中汞排放浓度和排放速率明显低于烟气;汞主要以气态形式排放,烧结工艺排口废气汞最高浓度分别是其他2个排口的7倍和3倍。球团、烧结、高炉、电炉四工艺环节中,烧结汞排放速率占四工艺汞排放速率总和的87%。半干法脱硫、氨法脱硫、石灰石石膏脱硫对废气中汞的去除效率分别为90.0%、78.7%和29.9%。企业废水排放未检出汞,脱硫产生固废汞含量明显高于除尘产生固废汞含量,脱硫灰汞含量是脱硫石膏的15倍。  相似文献   

15.
固定污染源氨气的手工监测,干扰因素较多,其中采样环节尤为关键。实验通过催化氧化-化学发光法考察不同采样管线材质对氨气的吸附效果,离子色谱法考察化学吸收法采集氨气的吸收瓶类型、采样流量、吸收液种类、吸收液浓度及体积等采样条件对氨气吸收效率的影响。实验表明,316 L不锈钢与聚四氟乙烯对氨气的吸附较小,氨气的采样流量不宜超过1.0 L/min,棕色气泡式吸收瓶更适用于氨气样品的采集,磷酸溶液作吸收液对氨气的吸收效率较好,对于低浓度的氨气样品,应采用低流量长时间采集。  相似文献   

16.
A diffusive sampling method for the determination of methyl isocyanate (MIC) in air is introduced. MIC is collected using a glass fiber filter impregnated with 4-nitro-7-piperazinobenzo-2-oxa-1,3-diazole (NBDPZ). The urea derivative formed is desorbed from the filter with acetonitrile and analyzed by means of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using fluorescence detection (FLD) with lambdaex = 471 nm and lambdaex = 540 nm. Additionally, a method was developed using tandem mass spectrometric (MS-MS) detection, which was performed as selected reaction monitoring (SRM) on the transition [MIC-NBDPZ + H]+ (m/z 307) to [NBDPZ + H]+ (m/z 250). The diffusive sampler was tested with MIC concentrations between 1 and 35 microg m(-3). The sampling periods varied from 15 min to 8 h, and the relative humidity (RH) was set from 20% up to 80%. The sampling rate for all 15 min experiments was determined to be 15.0 mL min(-1) (using HPLC-FLD) with a relative standard deviation of 9.9% for 56 experiments. At 80% RH, only 15 min sampling gave acceptable results. Further experiments revealed that humidity did not affect the MIC derivative but the reagent on the filter prior to and during sampling. The sampling rate for all experiments (including long term sampling) performed at 20% RH was found to be 15.0 mL min(-1) with a relative standard deviation of 6.3% (N = 42). The limit of quantification was 3 microg m(-3) (LC-MS-MS: 1.3 microg m(-3)) for 15 min sampling periods and 0.2 microg m(-3) (LC-MS-MS: 0.15 microg m(-3)) for 8 h sampling runs applying fluorescence detection.  相似文献   

17.
Exposure to various chemicals can cause adverse effects to health, such as asthma and allergies, especially in children. Data on personal exposure levels in children are scarce, thus small lightweight diffusive mini-samplers for aldehydes and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were designed to measure the exposure level of children to these chemicals. The aim of the study was to validate and examine the applicability of these mini-samplers for measuring daily chemical exposure. The diffusive mini-samplers are 20 mm in length, 11 mm in diameter, and 1.67 g in weight. The devices are cylindrically shaped with polytetrafluoroethylene membrane filters placed at each end. To measure aldehydes and acetone, 20 mg of 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine was used as an absorbent. To measure VOCs, a carbon molecular sieve was used. The sampling rate for each chemical was determined by parallel sampling with active samplers in a closed exposure bag. The blank levels of the chemicals and the storage stability of the device were tested. The mini-samplers were compared to commercially available diffusive samplers. To examine the applicability of the samplers, 65 elementary school children carried them for 24 h. The sampling rates for formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, and acetone were 20.9, 22.9, and 19.7 mL min(-1), respectively. The limits of quantification (LOQ) for the 24-hour sampling by high-performance liquid chromatography/ultraviolet (HPLC/UV) analysis were 8.3, 7.6, and 8.8 μg m(-3) for formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, and acetone, respectively. The sampling rates for the 11 VOCs were determined and ranged from 3.3 mL min(-1) for styrene and 2-ethyl-1-hexanol to 11.7 mL min(-1) for benzene. The LOQ for the 24-hour sampling by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis ranged from 5.9-105.2 μg m(-3), 1.1-24.7 parts per billion. The storage stability after 5 days ranged from 94.8 to 118.2%. Formaldehyde, acetone, benzene, and toluene were detected above the LOQ in more than 90% of the children, and the median concentrations were 21.7, 20.9, 10.1, and 21.5 μg m(-3), respectively. This study shows that the diffusive samplers developed were suitable for children to carry and were capable of measuring the children's daily chemical exposure.  相似文献   

18.
在甲醛法测定空气中二氧化硫的基础上,建立了一种测定空气中甲醛的新方法。该方法所用设备和材料与甲醛法测定空气中的二氧化硫相同,不使用含汞试剂,用亚硫酸钠固定标准溶液和吸收液中的甲醛,用氢氧化钠分解羟甲磺酸释放已被固定的甲醛,以副玫瑰苯胺和亚硫酸钠为显色剂绘制标准曲线进行定量。当采集空气30L时,检出限为0.01mgm3,最低检测浓度为0.03mgm3,适用于环境空气及室内空气中甲醛的测定。  相似文献   

19.
采用蒸馏水吸收空气中的乙醇和异丙醇,气相色谱法测定,该方法在3.14 mg/L ~15.8 mg/L 范围内线性良好,乙醇标准曲线的相关系数为0.9994,异丙醇标准曲线的相关系数为0.9996。测定低浓度标准溶液,得到乙醇和异丙醇的检出限分别为0.418 mg/L 和0.399 mg/L;采样体积为0.04 m3时,乙醇和异丙醇最低检出质量浓度均为0.05 mg/m3。乙醇和异丙醇标准溶液的回收率为95.4%~104%,RSD<5%。样品稳定性试验表明,采集的乙醇和异丙醇样品保存时间越长损失率越大,一般保存7 d为宜。  相似文献   

20.
This study presents a full-scale performance of a natural treatment system (NTS) facility in Taiwan with nearly 2 years of observations. The study site, composed of several treatment ponds in series, was designed primarily to reduce polluted stormwater runoff from tea gardens and partially to untreated domestic wastewater from nearby villages. Thus, both nonpoint source and point source pollution are treated in this system. From 28 field samplings in 2006-2007, the NTS site shows satisfactory treatment performance and the effluent water quality is significantly improved. Seven of the 28 sampling events are storm events (nonpoint source pollution) and the remainder are from regular monitoring (point source pollution). The average volume of influent and effluent is 533 CMD and 196 CMD, respectively. In order to determine the removal efficiency, several assessment measures are employed in an attempt to obtain unbiased conclusions. They are removal rate (RR), efficiency rate (ER), summation of loads (SOL), flux rate (FR), and effluent probability method (EPM). The average percent removal efficiency of NH(3)-N is 53.5-75.2% and of TP is 59.0-84.7%, in which the highest result is calculated by SOL method and the lowest rate is obtained from RR. In FR evaluation, larger treatment capacity for NH(3)-N than for TP is provided in the site and the average FR is respectively 0.230 g/m(2) day and 0.017 g/m(2) day. Of the methods examined, EPM is the only method capable of illustrating data distribution. Finally, recommendations on the usefulness of these measures are summarized to facilitate the understandings of NTS performance evaluations.  相似文献   

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