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1.
地表水浮游植物叶绿素a测定方法比较研究   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
比较了浮游植物叶绿素a测定方法中的丙酮萃取法和热乙醇萃取法.结果表明,应用反复冻融植物细胞的丙酮萃取法对地表水中浮游植物叶绿素a的萃取率显著高于其他方法,且重复测定的精密度较高.  相似文献   

2.
用组织研磨、浸泡提取、热浴超声3种提取方法和丙酮、甲醇、乙醇3种提取溶剂,从实验室纯培养微囊藻中提取叶绿素a,并以高效液相色谱法测定其质量浓度。结果表明,经组织研磨破碎藻细胞后用甲醇提取的效果好于丙酮和乙醇,经浸泡和超声破碎藻细胞后用乙醇的提取效果好于丙酮和甲醇;使用乙醇-热浴超声法在所有的试验组合中获得最佳提取效果,条件为:乙醇温度为50℃-55℃,超声6min-8min后再静置提取5h-6h。  相似文献   

3.
乙醇法测定浮游植物叶绿素a含量的讨论   总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7  
采用热乙醇法以及乙醇冷冻提取法测定浮游植物叶绿素a含量,以比较两种方法的效果.实验结果表明,两种方法的测定值之间有较好的线性相关关系.热乙醇法快速高效,可以替代国内使用较多的乙醇冷冻提取法.  相似文献   

4.
生物监测中叶绿素a浓度与藻类密度的关联性研究   总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7  
通过测定叶绿素a浓度、藻类密度和藻类分类计数等,获取"水华"水体生物监测数据。统计分析结果表明,叶绿素a浓度和藻类密度在蓝藻"水华"(微囊藻为优势种)暴发期间存在显著相关,并拟合出了回归直线。且叶绿素a浓度和藻类密度的自然对数比值也与藻类发生和兴衰存在着规律性联系。  相似文献   

5.
基于高温条件下叶绿素a易降解的性质,分别以纯品叶绿素a和活体藻为实验对象探讨了温度对荧光法测定叶绿素a的影响程度及影响机理。结果显示,温度升高会提高叶绿素a的降解率,在一定温度范围内叶绿素a的相对荧光强度与温度呈良好的负线性相关;首次计算导出了叶绿素a、斜生栅藻、蛋白核小球藻及铜绿微囊藻的温度系数分别为0.30%、1.09%、1.17%及1.14%;此外,验证了在现场测定中当环境温度为15~35℃时温度对水体叶绿素现场检测仪的影响甚微,测定结果在可接受范围内。  相似文献   

6.
丙酮法和热乙醇法测定浮游植物叶绿素a的方法比对   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
将丙酮法和热乙醇法用于测定浮游植物叶绿素a,分析水样中是否加入碳酸镁、水样体积、萃取时间、萃取剂、破碎方法、离心时间、水样存放时间和滤膜样品存放时间等8个因素对测定的影响,并确定最佳试验条件。结果表明:2种方法的测定值之间有较好的线性关系,相比丙酮法,热乙醇法更具优势。  相似文献   

7.
分光光度法测定浮游植物叶绿素a的比较研究   总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10  
对浮游植物叶绿素a测定方法中的国家标准方法丙酮三色法与目前国际上使用的方法乙醇单色法进性了比较,实验材料使用了实验室培养的栅藻,避免了藻类种类对于测定结果的影响。实验结果显示,乙醇法的萃取率高于丙酮法,但由于乙醇法实验条件的难以控制,其结果的方差较大;两种方法的测定结果间的相关性很好,相关系数为0.9998,因此得出两种方法测定结果间的换算公式为Chla乙醇=1.658 Chla丙酮-5.821。还研究了乙酸滤膜的溶解对于测定结果的影响,结果表明乙酸滤膜的溶解未对测定结果造成明显的影响。  相似文献   

8.
水体中叶绿素a测定方法的研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
对水体中叶绿素a的测定方法进行了研究,确定了乙醇免研法测定水体中叶绿素a的实验条件。用95%乙醇替代90%丙酮作为萃取剂,用高温免研磨萃取替代研磨萃取,其结果是乙醇免研法与丙酮法测定结果的相对偏差在可接受范围内; 同时对测定结果进行统计分析显示, 乙醇法的测定结果与丙酮法无显著性差异,且乙醇免研法萃取效率有所提高,其测定结果均略高于丙酮法,说明乙醇免研法可以替代丙酮法。  相似文献   

9.
快速溶剂萃取红外分光光度法测定土壤中石油类   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1  
研究快速溶剂萃取红外分光法对土壤中石油类的提取效果,并与超声波萃取红外分光法比较.结果表明,快速溶剂萃取对土壤中的石油类的回收率高,精密度好,方法快速简便.  相似文献   

10.
水源水除藻研究中藻类监测方法的选用   总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8       下载免费PDF全文
对显微计数和叶绿素α测定两种主要藻类的监测方法进行了简要评述,提出在水源水除藻研究中应针对不同的除藻机制,采取不同的藻类监测方法。化学氧化除藻大都使用强氧化剂,将它们投入含藻的水体后,能穿透藻类细胞壁,扩散至细胞内部氧化叶绿素,使藻类代谢终止、死亡,故宜采用叶绿素α法。生物法除藻是利用生物对藻类的吸附、捕食和分解等作用去除藻类,则应采用计数法。  相似文献   

11.
以洪泽湖中6种代表性生物为研究对象,采用超声波法提取样品中硝基苯类化合物,用凝胶色谱净化、浓缩,气相色谱/质谱联用法测定。该法与索氏提取法在同等试验条件下进行加标回收试验,前者回收率高且稳定,简便可行。方法检出限为0.008μg/g~0.030μg/g,平均加标回收率为76.5%~109%,重复测定3次的RSD为1.5%~13.0%。  相似文献   

12.
建立了废酸油渣中16种多环芳烃超声萃取、Florisil萃取柱净化、气相色谱-质谱测定的方法。笔者对提取方式、提取剂类型和体积、提取时间和次数、净化方式等进行研究,采用无水硫酸钠分散,二氯甲烷作为提取剂超声40 min,提取液经纯水清洗、离心后取适量有机相经过3 g Florisil萃取柱净化,采用气相色谱-质谱选择离子模式(SIM),加入内标进行定量分析。结果表明:二氯甲烷提取效率比正己烷好,丙酮可能引起酸性样品中多环芳烃的降解,丙酮超声萃取时加入无水硫酸钠能在一定程度上防止目标物降解,但萃取效率不可控制,宜采用二氯甲烷作为萃取剂。分散提取能有效减少提取时间,超声清洗仪超声40 min提取效率为86.2%~104%。3g Florisil萃取柱净化比1 g Florisil萃取柱净化和GPC净化效果略好。方法检出限为0.4~1.3 mg/kg,6次空白加标的相对标准偏差为2.3%~15.3%,6个实际样品测定结果的相对标准偏差为1.2%~27.3%,基体加标回收率为51.3%~126%,连续校准稳定。该方法适用于废酸油渣样品中16种多环芳烃的检测,比直接溶解有效,比加速溶剂萃取、索氏提取、微波萃取和超声探头萃取简单、快捷,能有效减少设备污染和腐蚀,净化方法有效,测定结果准确可靠,是实现大批量样品检测的可行方法。  相似文献   

13.
A new method (NMM, using acetic acid fiber filter and 90% ethanol) was established to determine chlorophyll in freshwater algae, and it was compared with US standard method (USM, using glass fiber filter and 90% acetone) and the method recommend by EPA of China (CHM, using acetic acid fiber filter and 90% acetone). The precision and repeatability of NMM is equivalent to that of USM, but NMM is safer to laboratory workers than USM and CHM because ethanol was used as solvent in NMM instead of acetone used in USM and CHM, and time and money were also greatly saved by the new method. The precision and repeatability of CHM was much less than USM and NMM, and the advice improving the method was proposed that the extraction time must be prolonged.  相似文献   

14.
超声波萃取-红外分光光度法测定土壤中石油类   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
采用超声波萃取-红外分光光度法测定土壤中石油类,并对超声波机的功率、水浴温度和萃取时间进行优化.试验表明:方法在0mg/L~80.0mg/L范围内线性良好,相关系数r为0.9997;方法检出限为6.00μg/L,当取土壤样品10.0g时,方法检出限为0.03mg/kg;空白土壤的加标回收率为97.4% ~103%;测定实际土壤样品的RSD为3.0% ~3.9%.通过比较超声波萃取、四氯化碳热浸法和快速溶剂萃取法的前处理效果,显示出超声波萃取法的优越性.  相似文献   

15.
On-site measurement of lead in workplace air filter samples and paint chip samples by ultrasonic extraction and anodic stripping voltammetry (UE-ASV) was evaluated in the field during renovation and remodeling activities in residences having leaded paint. Aerosol and paint samples were collected using standard techniques, and the samples were analyzed on-site for lead content by portable UE-ASV. Lead in sample extracts was subsequently determined by atomic absorption (AA) spectrometry in a fixed-site laboratory. The remaining sample extracts plus undissolved material (air filters or paint particles) were then subjected to hot plate digestion in concentrated nitric acid-30% hydrogen peroxide prior to AA analysis for lead. Field UE-ASV lead data were thereby compared to UE-AA and hot plate digestion-AA results from fixed-site laboratory lead measurement. Determination of lead in air filter samples by UE-ASV (over the range of 5 microg to approximately 800 microg Pb per sample) was extremely well correlated with lead measurement by UE-AA and hot plate digestion-AA procedures. However, a significant negative bias associated with ASV measurement was observed, and this was attributed to a matrix effect. Lead measurement in paint chip samples by UE-ASV (over the range of approximately 10 to approximately 550 microg Pb g(-1)) was well correlated with lead measurement by UE-AA and hot plate digestion-AA procedures. However, correlation and precision were lower for lead measurement in paint samples as compared to aerosol samples, and a negative bias was also observed. Lead measurements by UE-AA were compared to lead determinations by hot plate digestion-AA; these data were highly correlated and demonstrated no significant bias. Thus it was concluded that the ultrasonic extraction procedure performed equivalently to hot plate digestion. It was reasoned that matrix effects due to the preparation and analysis of paint chip particles resulted in greater imprecision as well as negative bias by ASV measurement. Despite significant negative bias in this sample set, UE-ASV offers promise for on-site measurement of lead in samples of interest in occupational and environmental health.  相似文献   

16.
In order to characterize and compare the chemical composition of diesel particulate matter and ambient air samples collected on filters, different extraction procedures were tested and their extraction efficiencies and recoveries determined. This study is an evaluation of extraction methods using the standard 16 EPA PAHs with HPLC fluorescence analysis. Including LC analysis also GC and MS methods for the determination of PAHs can be used. Soxhlet extraction was compared with ultrasonic agitation and pressurized fluid extraction (PFE) using three solvents to extract PAHs from diesel exhaust and urban air particulates. The selected PAH compounds of soluble organic fractions were analyzed by HPLC with a multiple wavelength shift fluorescence detector. The EPA standard mixture of 16 PAH compounds was used as a standard to identify and quantify diesel exhaust-derived PAHs. The most effective extraction method of those tested was pressurized fluid extraction using dichloromethane as a solvent.  相似文献   

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