S-316回收装置使用方法探讨

阐述了S－316回收装置具体使用操作步骤及注意事项。通过回收试验可知，一般情况下S－316回收率在90％以上，S－316待回收废液体积越大，回收率越高。     

火力发电厂废水回收利用研究

文中以永昌电厂废水回收工程为例，对火电厂废水回收工艺进行了阐述，并着重分析、探讨了用阻垢剂加硫酸处理火电厂循环补水，以提高火力发电厂循环水浓缩倍率，进而提高回收废水利用量的实际可行性。     

挥发酚测定中硬脂酸作为消泡剂的应用

以硬脂酸为消泡剂,在用于挥发酚的预蒸馏处理过程中,使成分复杂,富含表面活性剂及浊度极大的工业废水的起泡、崩溅现象得到了有效抑制。试验结果表明,在不同行业以及不同浓度的工业废水样品中,加入适量硬脂酸即可达到理想的消泡效果,对挥发酚的测定亦无干扰。     

塑料包装废弃物回收处理途径及新进展

文章综述了我国废旧塑料废弃物回收处理的几种方法，详细介绍了塑料包装废弃物回收再生利用的几种技术，并介绍了固体废旧塑料处理的先进经验与技术。     

应用微波分解废气

应用微波分解废气最近，美国能源部阿贡国家实验室测试通过了一项新技术，即利用微波分解天然气和炼油工业中的废气。利用此技术可以将天然气中的杂质和炼油厂产生的废气──硫化氢气体分裂成硫和氢气。其中，硫可以回收出售，氢气可作为燃料或者回收到炼油厂。在天然气进...     

消除砷测定中硫化物干扰方法的探讨

二乙氨基二硫代甲酸银光度法测定砷的过程中用乙酸铅棉去除硫化物的干扰,但在实际操作过程中,仅用乙酸铅棉去除硫化物暴露出一定的缺点,主要表现为填充乙酸铅棉的量不宜掌握。要求乙酸铅棉的填充必须松紧适当、均匀一致。当填充的量较多时,乙酸铅棉的膨松度不够,阻碍了气流的通过,影响气态胂化氢的吸收;当填充的乙酸铅棉较少时,有一部分气体未通过乙酸铅棉直接进入吸收瓶,其中的部分硫化氢气体被氧化成单质硫留在吸收瓶中,少量逸散到空气中产生臭味,毒性很大,这种现象且不易被实验者观察到。对含硫量高的工业污水和生活污水,乙…     

含硫废水预处理方案的经济技术性研究

从技术经济角度对空气催化氧化法和铁盐沉淀法处理含硫废水进行了研究，建立了总投资费用的NPV与废水流量及硫化物浓度的关系．结果表明；不回收FeS沉淀时，空气催化氧化法费用较低；回收FeS沉淀时，铁盐沉淀法费用较低，且存在一个盈亏平衡点，该点浓度约为700mg／L，高于此浓度时，铁盐沉淀法为盈利工艺。     

巯基棉富集大气中汞的有效解吸方法研究

研究了DMA-80测汞仪对巯基棉富集汞的高效解吸方法。常温定速、定量洗脱巯基棉中汞发现,4.0 mol/L盐酸-氯化钠饱和溶液洗脱巯基棉中汞的效率为25%,而0.28%硝酸-3.5%氯化钠溶液(质量比为1∶12.5)洗脱汞效率不到5.6%,表明多数汞仍被富集,但4.0 mol/L盐酸-氯化钠饱和溶液洗脱巯基棉中汞效率稍高。用3种不同解吸方法探究巯基棉中汞回收率发现,超声波解吸汞效率高、耗时短,且低盐、低酸度、低成本的0.28%硝酸-3.5%氯化钠溶液可实现巯基棉中汞的高效洗脱;以4.0 mol/L盐酸-氯化钠饱和溶液及0.28%硝酸-3.5%氯化钠溶液分别为洗脱介质的微波消解法洗脱汞效率高于94.5%;正交试验得出洗脱介质为0.65 mol/L盐酸-氯化钠饱和溶液在95℃电热板中消解4 h含汞巯基棉后,解吸汞效率高于90%。     

对城市垃圾综合利用的探讨

介绍了城市生活垃圾的现状、特点以及对生态环境的影响，介绍了对城市垃圾综合利用的处理方法，针对回收利用中存在的问题，提出了相应的措施和对策。     

浅析电脑垃圾造成的环境污染问题

从废弃电脑垃圾对环境和人造成的危害入手，分析了电脑垃圾造成的各类污染，简要阐述了电脑垃圾的污染防治对策和电脑回收与再制造的必要性．     

不同采集原理的油烟采样方法研究

通过采用玻璃纤维滤筒采集、吸收液吸收和S材料滤筒采样三种不同采集原理的油烟采样方法的试验,研究出一种油烟采样新材料--SM材料,其填充后制成的S材料滤筒的油烟采集效率大于96%的采样方法.     

溢油的GPC色谱鉴定

本文利用ＧＰＣ色谱测定物质分子量分布的特点，对溢油和怀疑溢油源ＧＰＣ色谱测定的结果，进行比较，找出溢油源。     

原油泄漏对湄洲湾海域水质污染影响分析

本文就“安福”号油轮在福建省湄洲湾油码头泄漏大量大庆原油事故的发生，我们曾先后三次对相关区域进行跟踪监测，每次均增加监测频数和扩大监测区域范围，以探讨溶解于水中的大庆原油随时空变化对湄洲湾近岸海域水质污染程度和污染范围，并对油类污染湄洲湾水域影响因素进行客观、全面的评价和分析。     

Monitoring of fate and effects of oil in the marine environment

Examples are presented of different techniques which are in use, or could be used, to monitor the fate and effects of oil pollution in Dutch marine waters by oil spills and chronic contamination by rivers, processing water from the oil industry, etc.A number of techniques are presented to quantify the fate of oil in water, sediments and biota, and some readily available methods to monitor possible effects in the ecosystem.In Dutch coastal waters much effort is being given to airborne detection of oil at the sea surface in order to reduce pollution and to take rapid measures in cases of severe pollution. Oil concentrations in sediments and selected organisms can be monitored as a general quality control measure, and to check the functioning of licensed installations. If concentrations above background levels are found, research on possible effects should be initiated. In this context short term studies on stress-indicators are very useful. Laboratory based investigations, for example in model ecosystems, can be carried out to test hypotheses from such studies. Elevated oil concentrations and indications for ecological effects may result in changes in the management of the marine area in question. Monitoring of population dynamics and species composition, notably of benthic macrofauna, should be carried out to verify long-term effects on the ecosystem.     

加油站在线监控模块在油气回收设施长效管理中的应用

以上海市为例,分析了加油站油气回收设施的运行现状,以及存在的内部管理制度落实不到位、治理设施维保难落实等问题,并在此基础上提出了加油站在线监控模块的设计思路。对加油站的跟踪测试表明,应用汽油枪气液比在线监控数据,有助于及时判定故障和报修,降低油气回收设备的维护成本;应用油罐压力在线监控数据,可以有效反映卸油时的油气泄漏情况,便于对卸油全过程实施监控。     

Movement of petroleum hydrocarbons in sandy coastal soils

In a field trial, oiled beach sand was buried in a coastal dune system in south Wales. A monitoring programme was designed to assess the rate of leaching of inorganic ions and hydrocarbons from the deposit. Active breakdown of the weathered oil occurred within the oiled beach sand, but hydrocarbons from the original material, or arising as a result of degradation, did not follow the same leaching pattern as inorganic ions; they remained within the original deposit. The results suggest that weathered oil coming ashore from spills at sea can be mixed with sand and buried to degrade in coastal soils, without risk of groundwater contamination by hydrocarbons.     

On the effects of the dispersant Corexit 9500© during the degradation process of n-alkanes and PAHs in marine sediments

In many coastal countries, oil spill contingency plans include several alternatives for removal of the spilled oil from the ocean. Frequently, these plans include dispersants. Because this process applies chemical substances that may add toxicity to oil that already contains toxic compounds, it is, at times, a controversial method to fight oil pollution. Additionally, local conditions may result in particular complications. We investigated the possible effects of the dispersant Corexit 9500© under conditions similar to those of subtropical oceans. We used fuel oil #6+ diesel as the test mixture. Under certain conditions, at least part of the dispersed oil may reach the sediment, particularly if the dispersant is applied in coastal waters. Nine experimental units were used in this experiment. Similar conditions of water temperature, salinity, air fluxes into the experimental units, and hydrocarbon concentrations in sediments were used. Two treatments and one control, each one with three replicates, were carried out. We concentrated our investigation on sediment, although measurements of water were also taken. Our results suggest that once the oil has penetrated the sediment, no significant differences exist between oil that contains dispersant and oil without dispersant. Noticeable degradation of aliphatic hydrocarbons occurred mainly in the low molecular weight aliphatic hydrocarbons and not in the others. Apparently, degradation of aromatics was easier than that of alkanes. However, some differences were noticed for the degradation of PAHs in the sediment, suggesting a faster degradation under particular conditions in aerobic environments such as under this experiment.     

关于火电厂验收存在的问题分析

对火电厂中以煤、天然气、油或焦油、秸秆为原料时验收监测应注意的问题进行了分析和探讨。重点提出了烟气脱硫、Hg、As、氟化物的污染以及多环芳烃、二的产生和以后环评、环评批复及验收监测中应注意的问题。     

非分散红外油分析仪特殊故障处理

本文针对目前国内外废水中石油类监测分析常用仪器非分散法油分析仪的一例特殊故障现象，分析查找出故障原因，提出了修复，调整故障仪器的方法。     

Presenting a conceptual pattern of HSE performance of oil trucks

Accidents are among the main problems in the oil product supply chain. The most important effective factors in these events are the kind of trucks used and their health, safety, and environment (HSE) condition. The aim of this study was to present a conceptual pattern of the HSE performance of oil trucks in oil industries. In this study, 20 truck models (with fixed tanks), in use over different periods of time, were investigated. In this regard, the criteria and sub-criteria were first determined in two parts—carrier and tank—and weighted by fuzzy analytical hierarchy process (FAHP). The results showed that the most important sub-criteria regarding the HSE factors of the carrier were resistance and strength of the front and rear shields, the brake system, and the ventilation system. The most important sub-criteria regarding the HSE factors of the tank were tank shell thickness and a good tank design shape with respect to portable material. It should be noted that the weight of the criteria with each other and sub-criteria with each other are not equal. This issue is important for decision-making. The main reason for the use of trucks with the lowest score in developing countries is the lack of attention by managers to safety issues and international standards and agreements such as the ADR.