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1.
蚕豆根尖微核技术在工业废水遗传毒性监测中的应用   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
用蚕豆根尖微核技术监测南京市化工、冶金、印染以及制药等行业废水的遗传毒性,结果表明南京市部分工厂废水存在不同程度的遗传毒性。  相似文献   

2.
利用蚕豆根尖细胞的微核技术是近年来发展起来的监测方法之一.它具有较宽的检测物谱,可以代替染色体畸变分析用于致突变物检测,与经典的Aems试验之间共有遗传效应,并且具有快速,简便等特点.我们于1990年应  相似文献   

3.
电磁辐射环境的潜在致突变水平   总被引:3,自引:2,他引:3       下载免费PDF全文
通过蚕豆根尖细胞微核试验,对微波通信基站和广播电台周围环境电磁辐射水平进行监测,了解了不同电磁辐射强度与蚕豆根尖细胞微核率之间的关系。指出较强电磁辐射水平对蚕豆根尖微核率的形成具有显著影响,电磁辐射环境可能存在潜在的致突变危险。建议国家有关部门应尽快对有关场所中的电磁辐射环境,以及对公众健康影响的问题作深入研究,制定可操作性法规,并明确界定有关场所可执行的标准,使建筑物高层电磁辐射环境污染得到有效地控制和管理。  相似文献   

4.
用蚕豆根尖细胞微核技术监测郯城县白马河水质污染状况,结果表明,部分被测水样存在不同程度遗传毒性物质,据此分析了白马河水质污染的原因,探索性地提出了一系列切可实行的防治对策。  相似文献   

5.
蚕豆根尖微核技术是一种新的生物监测方法,可用于水质、土壤、大气的污染监测,与紫露草微核相比,有设备简单、节省人力、物力等优点;灵敏性强、本底数稳定等特点。 在化学、物理因素的作用下,细胞的染色体受损,引起染色体断裂、染色体落后。到细胞分裂的未期,染色体断片和落后染色体不移向两极,当形成子细胞时它们被细胞核排除在外,游离在细胞质之中。在间期细胞中形成一至几个小核,称为微核,其直径大小多为主核的二十分之一至五分之一。  相似文献   

6.
用蚕豆根尖细胞微核技术检测乌鲁木齐河水质   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
应用蚕豆根尖细胞微核技术对乌鲁木齐水质进行检测,测定各样点水样诱导的蚕豆根尖微核千分率及综合污染指数,并进行F检验,结果表明,各样点MCN‰有显著性差异,20个样点中有11个样点 的综合污染指数大于2,4个样点水样的综合污染指数大于3.5,和对照组相比有显著差异。所获得数据表明乌鲁木齐河水质受到较为了严重的致突变性污染。  相似文献   

7.
应用蚕豆根尖细胞微核技术监测环境致突变物的研究进展   总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7  
综述了国内外应用蚕豆根尖细胞微核技术检测环境突变物的研究。表明:蚕豆根尖细胞微核技术经济,简单,可靠且实验条件要求不高,应予推广使用。对该技术存在的一些问题也应引起注意,需进一步深入研究。  相似文献   

8.
用大型溲运动及生存抑制试验和蚕豆根尖微核技术监测北京凉水河水质毒性,监测结果表明,凉水河6个采样点的河水对大型溲运动均有不同程度抑制作用和致死作用;河水的蚕豆根尖微核率也明显高于对照组(P〈0.01),揭示凉水河河水不仅具有一般的急性毒性,还存在一定程度的遗传毒性。  相似文献   

9.
文章以经A2/O生化法处理后的焦化废水为研究对象,采用混凝-Fenton法对其进行深度处理。确定了聚合硫酸铁等铁盐处理焦化废水的最佳投药量和pH值,讨论了影响其混凝效果的主要因素。处理后出水的COD去除率达40%以上。混凝剂处理焦化生化外排水中的难降解有机物,COD去除率只有40%左右,经过Fenton试剂氧化后,去除率可以达到70%左右,外排水能够达到国家排放标准。  相似文献   

10.
通过对典型行业废水有机污染物排放现状的调查研究,探讨我国现有污水排放标准存在的问题,即现有的标准不能有效控制废水特征有机污染物排放。依据美国环保局多介质环境模型,用不同方法计算水介质排放环境目标值,用该值作为标准限值,评价典型行业废水有机污染物监测结果。针对典型行业废水有机污染物排放特征,提出制订排放控制标准的建议。  相似文献   

11.
焦化废水中的溶解性有机物(DOM)作为废水污染物和毒性的主要来源受到广泛关注。厌氧-缺氧-好氧(A-A-O)生物法联合混凝沉淀工艺在焦化废水处理中被广泛应用。于2018年4,7和11月分别采集4座焦化废水处理厂废水,采用光谱学分析手段和水生生物急性毒性试验对A-A-O联合混凝沉淀处理过程中焦化废水的DOM和毒性变化进行分析。结果表明,焦化废水中含有大量不饱和芳香性物质,其中类色氨酸、络氨酸物质占主导,其次为类溶解性微生物代谢产物、类富里酸物质和类腐殖酸类物质;未经处理的焦化废水对藻类和大型溞的急性毒性等级为中毒至高毒。A-A-O联合混凝沉淀处理可去除90%以上的类色氨酸、络氨酸和类富里酸物质,但对类腐殖酸类物质去除率相对较低,仅为约80%,关键去除段为缺氧段和好氧段;该工艺对焦化废水急性毒性削减率为80.51%~94.30%,关键削减段为厌氧段。Pearson相关性分析结果显示,焦化废水溶解性总有机碳(TOC)、类腐殖酸类物质荧光组分C1和类富里酸类物质荧光组分C4与废水急性毒性存在显著正相关关系,可利用其作为水样急性毒性初筛的指示性指标。可为焦化废水生化处理的效能优化和废水毒性控制及安全评估提供科学支撑。  相似文献   

12.
An electrochemical COD (chemical oxygen demand) sensor using an electrode-surface grinding unit was investigated. The electrolyzing (oxidizing) action of copper on an organic species was used as the basis of the COD measuring sensor. Using a simple three-electrode cell and a surface grinding unit, the organic species is activated by the catalytic action of copper and oxidized at a working electrode, poised at a positive potential. When synthetic wastewater was fed into the system, the measured Coulombic yields were found to be dependent on the COD of the synthetic wastewater. A linear correlation between the Coulombic yields and the COD of the synthetic wastewater was established (10-1000 mg L(-1)) when the electrode-surface grinding procedure was activated briefly at 8 h intervals. When various kinds of wastewater samples obtained from various sewage treatment plants were measured, linear correlations (r(2)> or = 0.92) between the measured EOD (electrochemical oxygen demand) value and COD of the samples were observed. At a practical wastewater treatment plant, the measurement system was successfully operated with high accuracy and good stability over 3 months. These experimental results show that the application of the measurement system would be a rapid and practical method for the determination of COD in water industries.  相似文献   

13.
Composite samples of septage discharging at the Khirbit As-Samra municipal wastewater treatment plant were analyzed during the period from February to the end of October 2007. Septage showed difference in concentrations of pollutants between summer and winter. The average total chemical oxygen demand (COD) of 6,425 mg/L during summer was 2.16 times greater than that in winter, which is 2,969 mg/L. The total biochemical oxygen demand (5 d) represented 45% of total COD in both winter and summer. Anaerobic biodegradability was 75% after 81 d of digestion at 35°C with a biodegradation rate constant (k) of 0.024 d???1, which was lower compared with 0.103 d???1 calculated for wastewater with domestic origin in Jordan. Aerobic biodegradability for septage was 48%??COD basis??after 7 d of digestion at 35°C. The lower anaerobic biodegradation rate of septage compared with that of raw wastewater of domestic origin suggested that septage could have a negative effect on the performance of a domestic wastewater treatment plant if septage discharges are not taken into account in the original design of the treatment plant.  相似文献   

14.
研究了采用投菌水解(酸化)-生物接触氧化-浊凝化处理酵母生产废水。试验结果表明,进水浓度控制在CODCr值5000mg/L左右,生化系统可取得较高的处理效率;生经处理出水再以碱式 化铝为混凝剂,聚丙烯酰胺为助凝剂进行混凝处理,其出水CODCr值可控制在200mg/L以下,并且可部分回流使用。  相似文献   

15.
液-液萃取-高效液相色谱法分析了焦化废水中EPA优先控制的16种多环芳烃含量,总结出其成分谱及污染特征。结果表明:16种多环芳烃在焦化废水中浓度差异较大,主要以在水中溶解度较大的萘、苊、芴、菲、荧蒽、芘为主。其中萘对多环芳烃总量的贡献最大,占总量的36.70%~86.78%。焦化企业排放废水中6种多环芳烃的总量无超标现象,苯并[a]芘单体超标较普遍。  相似文献   

16.
钻井污水化学需氧量的研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
针对石油工业钻井污水高化学需氧量(COD)严重超标的状况,对钻井污水的化学需氧量进行研究。分折测定了8种钻井液添加剂(PAN、PAMI、HPAN、柴油、磺化沥青、XY27、CMC、FA367)的COD;重点探讨了钻井液添加剂对钻井污水COD的影响,同时对钻井污水COD处理效果的影响进行了研究。实验结果表明,不同钻井液添加剂对钻井污水的COD的影响程度各不相同;钻井污水中COD值严重超标的主要因素是钻井液添加剂;并且钻井液添加剂浓度与其对应的COD之间存在良好的一元线性关系。根据一元线性回归方程可较好地预测油田现场各钻井液添加剂对COD的影响,为解决钻井污水处理这一难题提供科学依据。  相似文献   

17.
We investigated conventional characterization of wastewaters of the "Kullar Domestic Wastewater Treatment Plant." In the study of conventional characterization; 23 composite samples, which were taken during 10 months, were used and analysed as COD, BOD5, TKN, NH3-N, SS, VSS, TP, RP, TS, Alkalinity, oil and grease, detergent, chloride parameters. For determine of the plant efficiency, 8 output grab samples were taken. The COD and BOD5 values of influent, respectively, ranging from 37 to 1,056 mg/L and 8 to 140 mg/L in total wastewater. The meanly BOD5/COD ratio was calculated as 0.34 in total wastewaters.  相似文献   

18.
Water quality has degraded dramatically in Wen-Rui Tang River watershed, Zhejiang, China, especially due to rapid economic development since 1995. This paper aims to assess spatial and temporal variations of the main pollutants (NH??-N, TN, BOD(5), COD(Mn), DO) of water quality in Wen-Rui Tang River watershed, using the geographic information system, cluster analysis (CA) and principal component analysis (PCA). Results showed that concentrations of BOD(5), COD(Mn), NH??-N, and TN were significantly higher in tertiary rivers than in primary and secondary rivers. From April 2006 to March 2007, the concentrations of NH? ?-N (2.25-57.9 mg/L) and TN (3.78-70.4 mg/L) in all samples exceeded Type V national water quality standards (≥2 mg/L), while 5.3% of all COD(Mn) (1.83-27.5 mg/L) and 33.6% of all BOD(5) (0.34-50.4 mg/L) samples exceeded Type V national water quality standards (COD(Mn)?≥ 15 mg/L, BOD(5)?≥ 10 mg/L). Monthly changes of pollutant concentrations did not show a clear pattern, but correlation analysis indicated that NH??-N and TN in tertiary rivers had a significant negative correlation with 5-day cumulative rainfall and monthly rainfall, while there were no significant correlations in primary and secondary rivers. The results of CA and spatial analysis showed that the northern part of Wen-Rui Tang River watershed was the most seriously polluted. This region is characterized by the high population density and industrial and commercial activities. The PCA and spatial analysis indicated that the degraded water quality is caused by anthropogenic activities and poor wastewater management.  相似文献   

19.
利用废铁屑和粉煤灰的电化学原理处理印染废水的方法研究   总被引:15,自引:0,他引:15  
提出一种改进的铁屑法处理印染废水 ,对其机理进行探讨 ,并确定工艺条件为 p H4.0 ,处理时间 3 0 min,铁屑和粉煤灰的投加率分别为 5 %和 6%时 ,CODcr可降至 40 0 mg/L以下 ,去除率达 77%以上 ,脱色率 95 %以上 ,是一种高效可行的印染废水预处理方法  相似文献   

20.
工业废水对洹河有机污染的调查与分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
李烨  杨卫芳  阎波  李劲 《干旱环境监测》2005,19(4):204-206,219
采用适当的样品前处理技术,利用GC/MS对洹河水及焦化厂、染料厂废水进行有机污染物的分析,确定了工业废水对洹河造成有机污染的主要化合物,从而为企业污水的处理和洹河治理提供依据.  相似文献   

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