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原子荧光法测定水中砷监测质量控制指标研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
通过全国多家实验室测定的大量监测数据研究了原子荧光法测定水中砷的质量控制指标,并与《水和废水监测分析方法》(第4版)中的相关指标进行了比较,旨在为环境监测工作提供质量控制依据和质量控制指标。研究表明,标准样品实验室内相对偏差的控制范围为小于等于4%;浓度小于0.05 mg/L的实际样品的相对偏差小于等于10%,浓度大于等于0.05 mg/L时相对偏差小于等于5%。实验室间相对偏差的控制范围为小于等于10%。相对误差一般控制在±15%以内,加标回收率为90%~110%。 相似文献
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通过对浙江省近700组实际土壤样品进行分析,研究了土壤中铜、铅、锌、铬、镍、镉、砷、汞7种重金属和砷测定的精密度控制指标(实验室内相对偏差和实验室间相对偏差),并与行业标准分析方法和文献进行了比较,旨在为环境监测质量控制与质量保证工作提供参考。经统计分析,建议实验室内相对偏差控制指标如下:铜,≤15%;铅,≤15%;锌,≤15%;铬,≤15%;镍,≤15%;镉,≤20%;砷,≤15%;汞,≤50%。建议实验室间相对偏差控制指标如下:铜,≤25%;铅,≤25%;锌,≤20%;铬,≤20%;镍,≤25%;镉,≤35%;砷,≤25%;汞,≤55%。 相似文献
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重铬酸盐法测定水中COD质量控制指标研究 总被引:4,自引:2,他引:2
通过全国多家实验室的大量监测数据,研究分析了COD测定的质量控制指标,并与GB/T 11914—1989和ISO6060—1989进行了比较,旨在为环境监测工作提供质量控制依据和质量控制指标。研究表明,标准样品RSD的质量控制范围:≤3.5%,实际样品:≤5.5%。实验室间标准偏差为3.0~6.0mg/L,RSD′可根据浓度水平和数据质量目标在3%~10%之间进行选择。相对误差一般在10%左右,低浓度可以控制在20%以内,高浓度时在5%以内。加标回收率范围为98%~110%。 相似文献
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根据地域和监测技术代表性的筛选,在11个省份中选择了70家实验室参加测试工作,通过大量的监测数据,研究了原子吸收分光光度法测定水中锌的质量控制指标。研究表明:在0.3~1.5mg/L范围内,标准样品RSD≤3.0%,RSD’≤10.0%;浓度小于等于0.5mg/L时RE在±10.0%范围内,浓度为0.5~1.5mg/L时RE在±5.0%范围内。实际样品浓度小于等于0.05mg/L时,RD≤20.0%;浓度0.05~3.5mg/L时,RD≤5.0%。加标回收率控制范围为85%~110%。 相似文献
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环境空气中挥发性有机物(VOCs)的在线监测技术近年来受到普遍关注。相对于传统的离线手工监测,在线监测能够解决监测数据时空代表性不足的问题,同时更好地满足环境质量连续监测和研究的需要。现有环境空气常规气体在线监测技术规范对量值溯源有较高的要求,其中标准气体的溯源和比对是质量控制和质量保证的根本。通过构建上海市环境空气VOCs在线监测的标准气体实验室比对测试流程,提出了标准气体比对结果的评价指标及方法,以确保在线监测数据的准确性和可比性。结果显示,6瓶臭氧前体混合物标准气体中,90%以上物种的测定结果的相对偏差在±10%以内,个别物种超出范围,说明定期开展标准气体比对对于VOCs在线监测的质控和质保具有重要意义。 相似文献
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Zhao Y Xu X Sun W Huang B Darilek JL Shi X 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2008,138(1-3):343-355
Accurate characterization of heavy-metal contaminated areas and quantification of the uncertainties inherent in spatial prediction
are crucial for risk assessment, soil remediation, and effective management recommendations. Topsoil samples (0–15 cm) (n = 547) were collected from the Zhangjiagang suburbs of China. The sequential indicator co-simulation (SIcS) method was applied
for incorporating the soft data derived from soil organic matter (SOM) to simulate Hg concentrations, map Hg contaminated
areas, and evaluate the associated uncertainties. High variability of Hg concentrations was observed in the study area. Total
Hg concentrations varied from 0.004 to 1.510 mg kg−1 and the coefficient of variation (CV) accounts for 70%. Distribution patterns of Hg were identified as higher Hg concentrations
occurred mainly at the southern part of the study area and relatively lower concentrations were found in north. The Hg contaminated
areas, identified using the Chinese Environmental Quality Standard for Soils critical values through SIcS, were limited and
distributed in the south where the SOM concentration is high, soil pH is low, and paddy soils are the dominant soil types.
The spatial correlations between Hg and SOM can be preserved by co-simulation and the realizations generated by SIcS represent
the possible spatial patterns of Hg concentrations without a smoothing effect. Once the Hg concentration critical limit is
given, SIcS can be used to map Hg contaminated areas and quantitatively assess the uncertainties inherent in the spatial prediction
by setting a given critical probability and calculating the joint probability of the obtained areas. 相似文献
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地表水高锰酸盐指数自动监测仪差异性研究 总被引:3,自引:2,他引:1
针对地表水高锰酸盐指数自动监测仪质量控制合格率偏低及样品和试剂消耗量大的问题,分别选择3种国产及3种进口的不同型号监测仪,通过工艺比较、性能测试、低浓度及较高浓度实际水体环境下的质量控制测试及长时间连续在线监测4个方面进行差异性研究。结果表明:不同仪器采用不同工艺,影响标准物质核查结果及运行维护成本和便捷性;不同仪器性能测试结果基本符合要求;不同仪器质量控制合格率差异显著,标准物质核查合格率(低浓度的为32%~57%,高浓度的为44%~80%)低于实际水体比对(低浓度实际水体为66%~79%,较高浓度实际水体为71%~100%),国产仪器质量控制合格率与进口仪器整体相当;不同仪器连续在线监测数据有效率及相对偏差±20%内的数据量占比差异显著,而国产仪器与进口仪器在这2个方面整体差异较小。 相似文献
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This study investigated the presence of total mercury (Hg) and organic mercury levels in the muscle of 19 common fresh water
fish species captured from river Ganges, West Bengal, India. The total mercury level found in our study may not cause any
toxic effect, but the methyl mercury (MeHg) level in some freshwater fish species was surprisingly very high and toxically
unacceptable. The results of mercury analysis in various specimens indicated that some fish muscles tended to accumulate high
levels of Hg, and approximately 50–84% of Hg was organic mercury. A strong positive correlation between mercury levels in
muscle with food habit and fish length (age) was found. Wallago attu possessed the highest amount of organic mercury in their muscle tissues, and it was 0.93 ± 0.61 μg Hg/g of wet weight. Whereas
in small-sized fishes Eutropiichthys murius, Puntius sarana, Cirrhinus mrigala, Mystus vittatus or Mystus gulio, and Tilapia mossambicus, it was below the detection limit. Contamination in Catla catla (0.32 ± 0.11), Anguilla bengalensis bengalensis (0.26 ± 0.07 μg Hg/g), Chitala chitala (0.25 ± 0.18), Rita rita (0.34 ± 0.14), and Ompok pabda (0.26 ± 0.04) was also above the 0.25 μg Hg/g of wet weight, the limit set by the PFA for the maximum level for consumption
of fish exposed to MeHg. Though in Labeo rohita (0.12 ± 0.03), Mastacembelus armatus (0.17 ± 0.02), Pangasius pangasius (0.12 ± 0.16), Bagarius bagarius (0.12 ± 0.01), and Clupisoma garua (0.1 ± 0.01), concentration was below the recommended level, in Lates calcarifer (0.23 ± 0.0) and Mystus aor (0.23 ± 0.1), it was threatening. Interestingly, a low concentration of Hg was found in post-monsoon samples. 相似文献
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"十二五"期间,中国将全面完成国家环境监测网的布局与建设,环境管理将开始由以环境污染控制为目标导向,向以环境质量改善为目标导向转变,以全面考核空气、水环境和土壤等环境质量的新环境管理时代即将来临。从现有环境监测质控体系所发挥的作用、存在的问题以及环境管理的需求出发,提出构建覆盖国家环境监测网的质量控制体系,论述各级环境监测站的质控职责,尤其是省级监测站作为地区质量控制中心,应该和国家站一起加大自身质控能力建设,为提高环境监测数据的可信度做好质控工作。 相似文献