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1.
选取湖北省100个国控断面2019年1—12月手工和自动监测数据,采用因子分析和聚类分析相结合的方法对水质评价指标进行优化筛选,结果表明,高锰酸盐指数、氨氮、总磷、pH、溶解氧等5项指标可以代表湖北省地表水水质的主要影响因子,从而实现水质监测指标的降维。对手工和自动2种监测方式进行比对,证明自动监测pH、溶解氧、高锰酸盐指数、总磷和氨氮5项水质评价指标的数据、评价结果与手工监测具有较强的一致性,用自动监测5项指标进行水质评价是合理、可行的,并能减轻手工监测的工作量。  相似文献   

2.
区域地表水监测断面优化调整的技术方法   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
对中国地表水水质监测断面布设的现状及问题进行分析,简要回顾了中国地表水监测断面设置及优化的研究进展,论述了区域地表水点位优化的目的和原则,提出从宏观、中观、微观3个层次的对区域地表水监测断面进行调整的步骤和方法,并阐述了地理信息系统技术在监测断面优化中的作用。  相似文献   

3.
城市水质指数法能够量化、直观地反映不同流域、地区或城市的地表水环境质量,运用城市水质指数法测算了江苏省不同流域或地区的城市水质指数。结果表明,相应时段内苏南城市地表水水质略优于苏北城市;长江流域地表水水质优于淮河流域;城市水质指数变化程度(△CWQI)的统计结果基本为负值,表明江苏省地表水环境质量整体呈改善趋势;长江流域a市△CWQI为正值,表明该市2020年上半年水质较去年同期有所下降;淮河流域总磷水质指数波动范围最大,该流域总磷污染问题较突出,与水质监测结果总体相符。大量数据测算发现,城市水质指数法在应用到地表水环境质量排名时存在数据修约、方法检出限、断面统计基数及现状与变化程度排名倒挂等问题,针对不同问题提出相应的解决方法与对策建议,以期为相关主管部门提供参考与决策依据。  相似文献   

4.
江苏省地表水监测断面优化调整的构思   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1  
讨论了江苏省地表水监测断面设置存在的问题,从国家级和省级管理层面,提出了全省地表水设置的基本原则和调整对策,共涉及124个国家断面以及499个现行省控断面.重点指出江苏省断面设置要充分结合江苏太湖、长江、淮河三大流域的自然规律和地理特点,满足代表性,突出针对性,保持连续性.  相似文献   

5.
将2010年至2015年乐安河水质监测值同地表水环境质量标准相结合,建立了样本--标准矩阵,通过引进熵权法确定权重,应用综合指数法对乐安河地表水水质进行综合评价。结果表明:乐安河乐平段三个断面(戴村-上游、桃园-中游、韩家渡-下游)除2014年的韩家渡断面为Ⅲ类,其他从2010年至2015年水质都是Ⅱ类以上,水质总体上良好。该研究改进了传统的地表水水质评价方法,计算过程更简便,评价结果合理。  相似文献   

6.
对渔业养殖水体进行监测分析,是评估养殖污染源对地表水环境质量影响的重要依据。选取里下河典型地区兴化市的养殖池塘和地表水断面作为研究对象,采用手工监测、相关性分析、三维荧光指纹和风险商值法等技术和分析方法,对养殖池塘和地表水断面水质开展研究。结果表明:养殖水体水质总体劣于地表水断面,养殖尾水排放达标率为89.7%,主要影响指标为pH值;Y1和Y2池塘对S1断面的高锰酸盐指数具有负面贡献;以养殖尾水为代表的农业源是影响S1断面水质的主要污染来源;地表水和养殖水体中林可酰胺类抗生素检出率均达100%,四环素类和头孢类抗生素在该地区养殖活动中的使用较多。风险商值法评估结果显示,Y2池塘养殖水体受磺胺甲恶唑影响的生态风险较高。  相似文献   

7.
评估国家重点生态功能区县域的水环境保护成效,对国家生态环境保护与修复决策具有重要意义。基于2012—2020年地表水监测数据及污水排放和气候数据,评估并分析了国家重点生态功能区县域的地表水环境状况。研究表明,2012—2020年国家重点生态功能区县域地表水水质持续改善,Ⅰ~Ⅲ类水质断面的比例从89.14%上升到93.47%,但部分地区地表水环境质量仍有待提升,尤其是内蒙古北部、山西西部、陕西北部和京津冀地区。4类生态功能区中,生物多样性维护区地表水水质最好,其次为水源涵养区,再次为水土保持区,防风固沙区最差。化学需氧量和高锰酸盐指数是国家重点生态功能区县域地表水的主要超标项,2012—2020年该两项指标超标断面占总超标断面的比例的多年平均值分别为24.22%和17.29%。县域年化学需氧量排放量及年降水量是影响相关地区地表水环境质量的重要因素。建议增加总氮作为国家重点生态功能区县域地表水质量评价指标,并在进行水环境评价时充分考虑当地的背景情况。  相似文献   

8.
根据《国家环境监管能力建设“十一五”规划》安排,2009年新疆环保系统将在伊犁河63团断面、额尔齐斯河北湾断面各建设1座水质自动监测站,对2条国际河流出境断面开展水温、pH、溶解氧、电导率、浊度、高锰酸盐指数和氨氮7项水质指标的自动监测。该项目将于2009年3月开始实施,9月底建设完成。建成后的水质自动站纳入国家地表水自动监测网,日常维护和运行管理由当地环保部门负责,同时向中国环境监测总站和新疆环境监测总站的监控平台自动报送监测数据。  相似文献   

9.
通过2004 - 2006年对伊犁地区的特克斯河、伊犁河的水质调查及水质标识指数和综合指数(WQI)的计算发现,DO、COD、TN、NH3-N、TP 5项指标在10个断面的空间分布上伊宁市区的2个断面水质最差,在时间上属8月最差,水质主要污染指标的排序依次为TP、TN、COD和NH3-N.  相似文献   

10.
水质指数(WQI)在环境保护的日常工作中发挥了重要作用。以鳌江为例,运用加拿大环境部长理事会水质指数(CCME WQI)方法,选取pH、溶解氧、高锰酸盐指数、氨氮、总氮、总磷、石油类、氟化物、阴离子表面活性剂、粪大肠菌群10项水质监测项目,评估了入海河流干流感潮河段4个监测断面的地表水环境质量,并对CCME WQI与最差因子法以及CCME WQI优缺点进行比较和分析。研究结果显示,2014年埭头、江屿、方岩渡、江口渡监测断面水质分别为良好、较差、中等、中等。与传统水质评价最差因子法比较,运用CCME WQI评价结果容忍度较高,更贴近实际水质状况。CCME WQI量化形式为属地流域环境管理带来便利。监测断面水质目标和参评项目对CCME WQI评价结果起决定性作用。针对CCME WQI在实际应用中存在的问题给出了建议。  相似文献   

11.
The usefulness of water quality indices, as the indicators of water pollution, for assessment of spatial-temporal changes and classification of river water qualities was verified. Four water quality indices were investigated: WQI (considering 18 water quality parameters), WQI(min) and WQI(m) (considering five water quality parameters: temperature, pH, DO, EC and TSS) and WQI(DO) (considering a single parameter, DO). The water quality indices WQI(min), WQI(m) and WQI(DO) could be of particular interest for the developing countries because of the minimum analytical cost involved. As a case study, water quality indices were used to evaluate spatial and temporal changes of the water quality in the Bagmati river basin (Nepal) for the study period 1999-2003. The results allowed us to determine the serious negative effects of the city urban activity on the river water quality. In the studied section of the river, the water quality index (WQI) was 71 units (classified as good) at the entry station and 47.6 units (classified as bad) at the outlet station. For the studied period, a significant decrease in water quality (mean WQI decrease = 11.6%, p = 0.042) was observed in the rural areas. A comparative analysis revealed that the urban water quality was significantly bad as compared with rural. The analysis enabled to classify the water quality stations into three groups: good water quality, medium water quality and bad water quality. WQI(min) resulted in overestimation of the water quality but with similar trend as with WQI and is useful for the periodic routine monitoring program. The correlation of WQI with WQI(min) and DO resulted two new indices WQI(m) and WQI(DO), respectively. The classification of waters based on WQI(m) and WQI(DO) coincided in 90 and 93% of the samples, respectively.  相似文献   

12.
城市绿色发展竞争力评价研究   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3       下载免费PDF全文
提出城市绿色发展竞争力概念,探讨环境质量与经济社会发展水平之间的关系,从城市空气环境质量、地表水环境质量、声环境质量、集中式饮用水源地水质和生态环境质量等"硬环境"着手,结合衡量城市经济发展程度的工业GDP指标,构建评价指标体系,用单位工业GDP的环境代价来表征城市绿色发展竞争力水平,并以安徽省省辖市为例进行了实例研究。  相似文献   

13.
简述了近40年来江苏省水环境质量监测工作正朝着监测对象不断完善、监测频次渐趋合理、监测指标全面覆盖的方向发展。指出,监测能力建设滞后于管理需求、重复监测影响管理决策、冗余监测增加工作负荷、监测点位设置缺乏针对性是当前江苏省水环境质量监测存在的主要问题。提出,加强监测系统能力建设、建立水质监测权威性、提高水质监测效能、提升数据研判能力的水环境质量监测建议,为环境管理、污染防治提供科学决策支撑。  相似文献   

14.
Water quality monitoring exercise was carried out with water quality index (WQI) method by using water characteristics data for bore wells and a water treatment plant in Delhi city from December 2006 to August 2007. The water treatment plant received surface water as raw water, and product water is supplied after treatment. The WQI is used to classify water quality as excellent, good, medium, bad, and very bad. The National Sanitation Foundation WQI procedure was used to calculate the WQI. The index ranges from 0 to 100, where 100 represents an excellent water quality condition. Water samples were collected monthly from a bore well in Nehru Camp (site 1), a bore well in Sanjay Gandhi pumping station (site 2), and water treatment plant in Haiderpur (site 3). Five parameters were analyzed, namely, nitrate, pH, total dissolved solids, turbidity, and temperature. We found that the WQI was around 73–80 in site 3, which corresponds to “good,” and it decreased to 54.32–60.19 and 59.93–70.63 in site 1 and site 2, respectively, indicating that these bore wells were classified as “medium” quality.  相似文献   

15.
基于分级、分类、精简的设计原则,设计了江苏省水质自动监测预警规则,包括运维人员进行核实,环保部门加强监控(一级预警);运维人员核实后,环保部门短信预警(二级预警);水质明显异常,核实确认后报送纸质版快报(三级预警)。该预警规则在江苏省水质自动监测系统中得到应用,通过与上下游环保局、督查部门的配合联动,在捕获水质异常信息、预警污染事故等方面发挥了重要作用。  相似文献   

16.
对江苏省 1990年~ 1999年的环境空气质量、地面水域、城市声环境、固体废物的状况及变化趋势进行了综述与分析。指出 ,10年来全省城市环境空气质量总体上有所好转 ,地面水域污染仍较严重 ,区域环境噪声和道路交通噪声等效声级持续小幅下降 ,工业固体废物排放量下降明显。  相似文献   

17.
The Chillán River in Central Chile plays a fundamental role in local society, as a source of irrigation and drinking water, and as a sink for urban wastewater. In order to characterize the spatial and temporal variability of surface water quality in the watershed, a Water Quality Index (WQI) was calculated from nine physicochemical parameters, periodically measured at 18 sampling sites (January–November 2000). The results indicated a good water quality in the upper and middle parts of the watershed. Downstream of the City of Chillán, water quality conditions were critical during the dry season, mainly due to the effects of the urban wastewater discharge. On the basis of the results from a Principal Component Analysis (PCA), modifications were introduced into the original WQI to reduce the costs associated with its implementation. WQIDIR2 and WQIDIR, which are both based on a laboratory analysis (Chemical Oxygen Demand) and three (pH, temperature and conductivity), respectively, four field measurements (pH, temperature, conductivity and Dissolved Oxygen), adequately reproduce the most important spatial and temporal variations observed with the original index. They are proposed as useful tools for monitoring global water quality trends in this and other, similar agricultural watersheds in the Chilean Central Valley. Possibilities and limitations for the application of the used methodology to watersheds in other parts of the world are discussed.  相似文献   

18.
以2016-2020年河南省主要生态环境要素监测结果为研究对象,分析评价了河南省"十三五"期间生态环境质量状况、变化趋势和存在的主要问题等。结果表明:"十三五"期间,全省主要污染物排放总量大幅下降,生态环境质量稳中向好。与2016年相比,2020年全省环境空气优良天数比例上升6.2百分点;地表水环境质量逐渐由轻度污染变为良好状态,Ⅰ~Ⅲ类水质断面比例持续上升,比2016年上升22.7百分点,劣V类水质断面比例进一步下降,比2016年下降18.4百分点;降水、辐射环境质量等基本保持稳定;城市集中式饮用水源地、声环境、生态、农村环境等其他环境要素质量均有不同程度好转。但与此同时,河南省仍为全国大气污染较重的省份之一,空气质量改善幅度明显收窄;仍有部分河流污染较重或不能稳定达标,从全国范围看,Ⅰ~Ⅲ类断面比例属中下水平,水环境保护形势依然严峻。总体来看,河南省工业结构偏重、能源结构偏煤、运输结构不优等问题还未从根本上改变,区域性污染问题依然突出,生态环境质量改善还远未达到质变的效果,深入打好污染防治攻坚战仍需持续努力。  相似文献   

19.
Water quality index applied to rivers in the Vistula river basin in Poland   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
Summary A new method of a water quality index has been proposed. The unit indices were determined from the values of individual parameters using continuous functions. The base for such functions were the four water quality classes used in Poland. The summarized WQI is the square root of the harmonic mean of squares of unit indices. Using this mean we have eliminated the use of weights of parameters. Parameters are divided into basic parameters (7) and other additional parameters (19). The additional parameter is considered only if its unit index is lower than WQI from basic parameters. For many measurements at one point the guaranteed WQI has been calculated. The points of WQI were connected and the curves of WQI along the river were obtained.A method of WQI calculating and preparation of WQI curves has been shown using as an example the Pilica river in Poland. The WQI was then calculated for 31 rivers in the Vistula river basin by measuring points.  相似文献   

20.
介绍了山东省生态环境监测网络建设状况,“十三五”期间全省基本实现大气、水、土壤、噪声、生态、污染源等全覆盖,“十四五”初期优化调整了地表水、地下水、海洋、土壤等环境质量监测点位,加大了自动监测力度。通过分析当前全省监测网络建设中存在的覆盖不全面、技术不完善、服务不深入等问题,提出了环境质量监测、生态质量监测、污染源监测、应急监测等各要素的发展建议。  相似文献   

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