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1.
为了科学地监测调查死鱼事故,在研究实践基础上,探讨了死鱼事故的监测调查准备工作,现场采样观测项目内容和分工以及各种监测手段的运用程序等。指出,抓住死鱼症状,系统有序地监测调查和试验是准确处理死鱼事故的关键。  相似文献   

2.
对于环境污染事故责任的认定 ,务必经过细致的调查、科学的监测、分析 ,决不能凭主观想象或被表面现象所迷惑 ,只有这样才能找出真正的污染源。德山五一村刘姓渔民的鱼塘死鱼事故的责任认定就是一个例子。1 事故1 2月 2 0日上午 ,刘姓渔民到市环保局报称 ,其鱼塘漂浮大量死鱼 ,请求环保局派人去现场调查 ,确认死鱼的原因。2 调查经现场勘察 ,该鱼塘面积约 0 5hm2 ,水面上漂浮着大量死鱼 ,少数未死的鱼张嘴无定向游动 ,处于明显的中毒状态 ,死鱼数量在 1 0 0 0 0kg以上 ,经济损失超过 5万元。鱼塘周围主要有 3家工厂 :合成纤维厂、棉…  相似文献   

3.
利用GC/MS对一起死鱼事故中的鱼塘水样,鱼肉样进行了监测,检出的6个化合物均与某化工厂的原料,产品,中间体及其衍生物相吻合,迅速判定了污染事故的责任者。  相似文献   

4.
简述我国渔业污染现状,分析突发性污染死鱼事件的管辖权问题和一般分类,提出突发性污染死鱼事件应急监测的实施和要求.  相似文献   

5.
一、概述污染物对环境产生的影响可分为隐性的和显性的二种.所谓隐性是指污染物在短期内对环境没有明显影响,例如某些重金属、有机农药排放到环境后,这些污染物质除自然的降解、净化、迁移,在生物体内进行生物链的富集,在短时期内不会出现问题.而显性的影响是指污染物质的排放、积累、迁移,在较短时间内即对周围环境产生明显的影响,发生突发性的污染事故,例如出现死鱼、死家禽,农作物死亡,污染饮用水源等.而水污染事故的调查一般是指调查突发性的水污染事故.笔者多次参加了水污染事故的调查,由于受害单位反映的污染事故往往比较复杂,本文主要将此类水污染事故调查的经验与技术总结提供给同行参考借鉴.  相似文献   

6.
为查明有机污染物的种类,取死鱼水经GDX-501树脂富集后,用气相色谱/质量选择检测器分析。检出水中82种污染物。  相似文献   

7.
氰化物对人体健康影响的调查   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
为了解某县供销恒温库职工家中所养金鱼在同一段时间内相继死去的原因,对死鱼样及该库饮用水井水样、自来水样、附近炼金厂废水排污口下游20、50、70m处的废水样进行了分析,结果显示,各水样氰化物一均严重超标,死鱼体内检出大量的氰化物,证实金鱼死亡是饮用了高含氰水所致;同时对受害组和对照组的职工作自学症状调查和体检,结果表明,两组职工在自觉症状上有显著差异,在肝脾肿大,血红蛋白增多及红细胞增多方面有极显  相似文献   

8.
阐述了三明市突发性环境污染事故的种类和特征,提出突发性环境污染事故的采样点位布设应采取突发性水污染事故和大气污染事故等方式进行,并根据该市的行业特征,确定了污染因子,以及现场采样及分析等具体做法.  相似文献   

9.
粗苯泄漏污染事故应急监测   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1  
介绍了合界高速"9.01"粗苯泄漏污染事故中,正确启动应急监测预案,第一时间采集水、气样品并及时分析监测,为污染事故的处置提供了及时、准确的技术支持,同时为了掌握污染事故的污染程度及变化趋势,对水、气、土壤等指标进行了跟踪监测。  相似文献   

10.
随着流域水污染事件的频发,突发性水污染事故预警平台的科学建设成为流域应急管理的重要内容。基于预警平台数据感知层、数据管理层、业务感知层的总体架构,综述了国内外突发性水污染事故预警平台的建设现状。从水质监测技术、突发事故预警模型、预警平台整体构建4个方面分析了近年来突发性水污染事故预警平台的研究进展与不足,以期为流域突发性水污染预警系统的建设提供参考。  相似文献   

11.
The dose rates for six marine organisms, pelagic fish, benthic fish, mollusks, crustaceans, macroalgae, and polychaete worms, representative in marine ecosystems, have been predicted by the equilibrium model with the measured seawater activity concentrations at three locations around the Fukushima Daiich nuclear power plant after the accident on March 11, 2011. Model prediction showed that total dose rates for the biota in the costal sea reached 4.8E4 μGy/d for pelagic fish, 3.6E6 μGy/d for crustaceans, 3.8E6 μGy/d for benthic fish, 5.2E6 μGy/d for macroalgae, 6.6E6 μGy/d for mollusks, and 8.0E6 μGy/d for polychaete worms. The predicted total dose rates remained above the UNSCEAR’s (United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effect of Atomic Radiation) benchmark level (1.0E4 μGy/d for an individual aquatic organism), for only the initial short period, which seems to be insufficiently long to bring about any detrimental effect on the marine biota at the population level. Furthermore, the total dose rates for benthic fish and crustaceans approximated using the measured activity concentration of the biota and bottom sediment was well below the benchmark level. From these results, it may be concluded that the impact of the ionizing radiation on the marine biota around the Fukushima NPP as a consequence of the accident would be insignificant.  相似文献   

12.
Following the oil spill accident of the Solar I tanker in 2006 off the coast of Guimaras Island in the Philippines, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and alkylated PAHs in some aquatic organisms were investigated at Luzaran in Guimaras and Taklong Islands, which were heavily polluted with spilled oil, immediately and 1 month after the accident. The concentrations of total PAHs were 11.9–52.3 ng/g dry weight in fish. Meanwhile, total PAH concentrations in shellfish were 38.0–3,102 ng/g dry weight in Luzaran and 128–236 ng/g dry weight in Taklong. Pyrene, phenanthrene, and fluoranthene were dominant in most fish and chrysene in all shellfish. Significantly higher concentrations of all alkylated homologs were detected in shellfish than in fish. These differences had two possible causes, that is, the differences between fish and shellfish could be attributed to the uptake routes and/or their metabolizing abilities.  相似文献   

13.
Along with their rapid progress, developing countries have had to deal with more environmental problems, which have been a cause for concern among policy makers and the public in general. This study cites two accidents that happened in China in 2006 that caused serious environmental problems in nearby communities and discusses the problems these accidents created and the resulting disputes among the concerned people. Pollution-causing accidents not only pose threats to the health of the victims but also give rise to environmental disputes that jeopardise national security and social stability. Conflicts normally ensue following a pollution-causing accident, which are more likely to happen within a development zone or industrial park. Few environmental conflicts in the past decades were resolved through litigation. Nevertheless, there are lapses in the regulatory system, which have to be addressed to ensure that the public's rights and interests are protected. Currently, reports on pollution-causing accidents are difficult to obtain and are often released very late. A majority of industrial firms operate without environmental clearance, thus highlighting the government's inefficiency in environmental management. It is about time that the Chinese government takes seriously the use of the Environmental Impact Assessment.  相似文献   

14.
为弥补海洋环境监测能力不足,利用受潮汐动力控制海湾中的多介质模型,预测突发性污染发生后海洋环境中污染物的浓度变化信息,并对突发性污染物的迁移转化进行了计算.模型中使用逸度方法和质量平衡算法,预测非挥发性有机物在水、沉积物和鱼中的浓度.在象山港的应用结果表明,该模型可较快速地给出污染物在不同介质中的浓度变化信息,为环境监...  相似文献   

15.
文章根据我国农药生产和使用的特点,结合环境污染事故中常见的农药、保障农产品安全需控制的农药残留等,阐述了我国环境中需重点控制的农药残留种类,并对其监测方法和控制标准进行了综述,旨在为农药污染事件中快速判断污染类别、科学确定监测方法、及时处置污染提供技术保障。  相似文献   

16.
In this study, the influence of anthropogenic pollution on the aquatic environment of Plitvice Lakes National Park (PLNP) was investigated during 2011–2012 using a combination of chemical and cytogenetic analyses. Four groups of major contaminants [(volatile organic compounds: benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes (BTEX); persistent organochlorine pollutants: organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs); major and trace elements; anthropogenic radionuclides (90Sr, 134Cs, and 137Cs)] were determined in three aquatic compartments (water, sediment, fish). Mass fractions of inorganic constituents in different compartments reflected the geological background of the area, indicating their origin from predominantly natural sources. Levels of volatile and persistent organic compounds in water and fish, respectively, were very low, at levels typical for remote pristine areas. Analysis of anthropogenic radionuclides in water and sediment revealed elevated activity concentrations of 137Cs in water, and measurable 134Cs in the upper sediment layers from April 2011, possibly as a consequence of the Fukushima nuclear accident in March 2011. The potential genotoxicity of river and lake water and lake sediment was assessed under laboratory conditions using the alkaline comet assay on human peripheral blood lymphocytes, and measured levels of primary DNA damage were within acceptable boundaries. The results showed that despite the protected status of the park, anthropogenic impact exists in both its terrestrial and aquatic components. Although contaminant levels were low, further monitoring is recommended to make sure that they will not rise and cause potentially hazardous anthropogenic impacts.  相似文献   

17.
两种环境应急监测仪器在突发性环境污染事故中的作用   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
突发性环境污染事故虽然出现频率小,但危害极大,是威胁人类健康、破坏生态环境的重要因素。对于突发性污染事故的应急监测和处置,必须做到及时、快速、简便、准确。在某次苯泄漏事故的应急监测中,采用先进的傅里叶红外便携式气体分析仪监测环境空气质量,采用便携式气相色谱仪监测水质,结果表明,便捷、高效的监测仪器为此次污染事故的成功处置提供了技术支持,为以后类似突发污染事故的应急监测提供了参考。  相似文献   

18.
突发性环境污染事故不仅破坏生态环境,制约社会发展,更威胁人类健康.环保部门如何加强应急监测能力建设,科学合理地处理应急监测中出现的问题,显得尤为重要.对一起突发性环境污染事故应急监测各个环节的优缺点进行了分析和思考,总结经验并提出建议,为同类突发环境污染事故的应急监测提供借鉴.  相似文献   

19.
This paper discusses the potential for time of year toinfluence the outcome of aquatic hazard assessments. Exposureof fish to contaminants under winter conditions can cause themto develop Winter Stress Syndrome (WSS). Substantial mortalitycan result, potentially changing year-class strength andpopulation structure of the affected species, and alteringcommunity-level ecological interactions. Aquatic contaminantsshould be evaluated in the context of seasonal metabolicchanges that normally occur in test organisms. WSS could be animportant, but as yet unquantified, cause of mortality in manycircumstances. Wastewater discharges may pose a greater toxicthreat to fish during winter than at other times of the year.A comprehensive protocol for aquatic hazard assessment shouldinclude testing for WSS.  相似文献   

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