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1.
采用恒能量同步荧光法检测了龙岩市大气颗粒物样品中的多环芳烃(PAHs),比较了龙岩市区大气颗粒物中多环芳烃含量的差异以及不同季节对多环芳烃含量的影响,讨论了其分布规律及污染源。  相似文献   

2.
为了解莱芜市大气污染源排放颗粒物中多环芳烃的浓度及影响因素,采集机动车尾气尘、扬尘、工业燃煤颗粒物、民用燃煤颗粒物等4种样品,分别测定多环芳烃的含量。结果表明,莱芜市大气环境颗粒物中多环芳烃主要来源于机动车尾气和民用燃煤,12种多环芳烃类值分别为(1 536. 48±0. 78)和(299. 83±0. 30)μg/g,机动车尾气尘与扬尘、民用燃煤、工业燃煤多环芳烃均存在显著性差异。不同组分中,苯并(ghi)苝的值最高,为(559. 96±7. 59)μg/g,其次为晕苯,为(445. 36±5. 94)μg/g,城市空气污染呈现煤烟和机动车尾气复合污染的特点。  相似文献   

3.
根据济南市颗粒物排放源的特点,通过采样分析获取了济南市大气颗粒物排放源(土壤风沙尘、扬尘、煤烟尘、机动车尾气尘)的粒度谱、多环芳烃成分谱,为济南市大气颗粒物中多环芳烃的源解析,提供可靠的基础数据。  相似文献   

4.
乌鲁木齐南部冬季空气中气相多环芳烃的特征   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
本研究选择乌鲁木齐南部大气作为研究对象,利用TSP串PUF大流量采样器从2011年12月至2012年2月采集气相多环芳烃,并对气相中多环芳烃的含量和分布特征进行了分析。结果表明,大气气相多环芳烃中二环和三环的质量分别占总量的56%和43%;通过特征分子含量比值法对大气气相中多环芳烃的来源进行研究,结果表明,乌鲁木齐南部冬季大气气相中的多环芳烃主要来自于化石燃料和生物质的燃烧;毒性当量因子法分析表明,大气气相中90%样品的多环芳烃总毒性当量(Ba Peq)浓度均低于世界卫生组织建议的限值(1 ng/m3)。  相似文献   

5.
乌鲁木齐市新市区大气气溶胶中多环芳烃的GC/MS分析   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
采用气相色谱-质谱联用技术(GC/MS)分析测定了乌鲁木齐市新市区的大气气溶胶样品16种EPA优控多环芳烃(PAHs)的含量。通过索氏提取气溶胶样品,抽提物经硅胶层析柱分离,使用16种多环芳烃混合标准样品绘制标准曲线,以外标法对PAHs进行定量分析,并根据所得数据浅析了多环芳烃污染来源。结果表明,乌鲁木齐市新市区大气中由于汽车尾气排放和煤的燃烧造成的多环芳烃污染均存在。  相似文献   

6.
宁波市颗粒物中多环芳烃浓度水平、分布及来源分析   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1  
讨论了2003年宁波市颗粒物中多环芳烃浓度水平、分布及来源,结果表明,PM10中PAHS占TSP中总量的83%,PM2.5中的PAHS占TSP总量的54%,颗粒物中多环芳烃主要存在于小于10μm的颗粒中。颗粒物中多环芳烃季节变化特征明显,夏季最低,冬季最高。汽车尾气对PM10中多环芳烃的贡献率达56%,汽车尾气是颗粒物中多环芳烃的主要来源。  相似文献   

7.
可吸入颗粒上多环芳烃来源的识别和解析   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1  
根据化学质量平衡(CMB)受体模型对安阳市大气颗粒物中多环芳烃进行源解析。测定安阳市非采暖季和采暖季可吸入颗粒物中多环芳烃的浓度,对其污染水平进行比较分析。根据污染源调查结果,确定市区多环芳烃的主要排放源类,并建立相应的源成分谱。应用CMB受体模型解析安阳市可吸入颗粒物中多环芳烃主要来源的分担率。  相似文献   

8.
沈阳市空气中PAH的污染及其粒径分布   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
本文通过对大气颗粒物粒度分级样品中多环芳烃(PAH)的分离测定结果,阐述了沈阳市苯并(a)芘(Bap)的污染现状,Bap在不同粒径大气颗粒物中的分布规律以及Bap同其它16种PAH的相关关系,并推算出Bap在呼吸道各主要部分的沉积分数  相似文献   

9.
呼和浩特学生尿中1—羟基芘的抽样分析   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
用反相高压液相色谱对呼市小学生及对照点草原牧民尿中的1-羟基芘进行测定,同时测定两地区大气颗粒物及空气中多环芳烃的含量。结果表明,市区小学生尿中1-羟基芘的浓度采暖季节高于非采暧季节;且显著高于对照点的浓度;尿中1-羟基芘的浓度与空气中全态多环芳烃(PAHs)的代表化合物芘或BaP有很好的正相关。  相似文献   

10.
气溶胶与降尘中多环芳烃的含量分布研究   总被引:13,自引:1,他引:12  
通过广东省茂名市区四个不同功能点大气气溶胶和降尘中多环芳烃的含量分布研究发现 :1、气溶胶中优控多环芳烃大大高于降尘中的含量 ,为降尘的 5.97~ 1 9.3倍 ;以石化厂区为例 ,非优控多环芳烃在气溶胶中的相对含量更高 ,为降尘的 2 4 .7倍。2、气溶胶中优控多环芳烃和非优控多环芳烃的分布为随分子量增加而含量增高的趋势 ,但降尘中优控多环芳烃的高含量相对集中于萤蒽至苯并 (b)萤蒽之间。3、不同功能区由于排放源的差别所表现出的气溶胶和降尘中优控多环芳烃总量及总量比值、部分强致癌和致癌物含量及含量比值均存在差异。4、对气溶胶和降尘中多环芳烃研究可以对降尘中非优控多环芳烃降解和溶解量进行估算。以石化厂区为例 ,降尘中非优控多环芳烃比原始含量已减少76%。  相似文献   

11.
One hundred and fourteen surface sediments were collected from the Maozhou River Watershed in Shenzhen, China from December 2009 to January 2010. Three individual chlorinated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (ClPAHs), six individual brominated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (BrPAHs), and five corresponding parent polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were determined. The concentration of 9-chlorophenanthrene was the highest ranging from 0.51-289 ng g(-1) (average, 16.5 ng g(-1)). For BrPAHs, the concentration of 2-bromofluorene was the highest ranging from 0.31-266 ng g(-1) (average, 35.3 ng g(-1)). No correlation was observed between the concentrations of ClPAHs and parent PAHs in surface sediments. In addition, there was no correlation between 1-bromopyrene, 7-bromobenz(a)anthracene and 9,10-dibromoanthracene, and corresponding parent PAHs. However, a significant correlation was found between 9-bromophenanthrene and phenanthrene (p < 0.01), between 9-bromoanthracene and anthracene (p < 0.05), and between 2-bromofluorene and fluorene (p < 0.05). Six fly ash samples collected from one of the municipal domestic waste incineration plants in Shenzhen were also analyzed for source identification. The concentration of 7-bromobenz(a)anthracene was the highest, ranging from 3.21-4.08 ng g(-1). In addition, 2-bromofluorene was not detected in all the fly ash samples. No correlation was found between the concentrations of Cl-/BrPAHs and corresponding parent PAHs in fly ashes. We also examined the relationship between the levels of Cl-/BrPAHs in surface sediments and the urbanization process. Our results suggested the levels of individual Cl-/BrPAHs congeners presented a similar increasing trend with the increasing urbanization level.  相似文献   

12.
采用场发射带能谱扫描电镜(FESEM/EDS)法分析北京怀柔地区PM10与秸秆燃烧排放颗粒的形貌特征和成分差异。结果显示:秸秆燃烧后排放颗粒物多为大粒径颗粒,成分上都含S、Cl和K元素。含有生物质燃烧标志元素K的PM10颗粒物多为含Si、Al和Na元素的燃煤飞灰和矿物颗粒,与秸秆燃烧排放颗粒组成化学元素差异明显。据此推断,北京区域PM10受秸秆燃烧排放影响相对较弱,化石燃料燃烧来源影响仍然显著。  相似文献   

13.
As a heavy industrial city, Liuzhou has been facing a serious pollution problem. It is necessary to take steps to control and prevent environmental pollution wherever possible. Surface soil samples were collected from four communities in Liuzhou City, to determine the concentrations, distributions, sources, and toxicity potential of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) present. The mean concentrations of total PAHs in the surface soil are 756.43 ng/g for the heavy industrial area, 605.06 ng/g for the industrial area, 481.24 ng/g for the commercial–cum–residential area, and 49.93 ng/g for the rural area. Both the isomer ratio and principal component analyses for the PAHs prove that these pollutants originate mainly from coal, diesel, gasoline, and natural gas combustion. The pollution hierarchies and toxic equivalency factor of BaP prove that the city is subject to heavy pollution caused by industry, transportation, and daily human activities.  相似文献   

14.
A basic investigation of boron in discharged fly ash by coal fuel thermal power plants in several worldwide locations was carried out. Eight kinds of fly ash sample were prepared from eight coal fuel thermal power plants. Two of the fly ash samples were used to examine the relationship between the concentration of boron in fly ash and the particle size. When the particle size of fly ash is smaller, there is a possibility that it will be released into the air and spread over a wide area in the environment. However, it has become apparent that fly ash of smaller particle size has a higher concentration of boron and a higher enrichment factor. In other fly ash samples, the boron contents were examined and leaching tests were carried out. There is acidic fly ash as well as alkaline fly ash that contains larger amounts of acidic or basic salts. On alkaline fly ash, when the concentration of boron bound to Fe-Mn oxide is low; it has become apparent that leaching boron is increased in a solution with lower pH of approximately 4 which is nearly the pH of acid rain.  相似文献   

15.
南京某燃煤电厂汞的排放特点及分布特征   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
选择南京某燃煤电厂330 MW机组,对煤、炉渣、粉煤灰、烟尘、石灰石、石膏和烟气中的汞取样测量,探讨煤中汞在燃烧过程中的变化情况,并进一步分析汞的排放特点及分布特征。指出,煤经燃煤锅炉炉内高温燃烧后,炉渣中的汞对环境影响不明显;粉煤灰、烟尘中的汞存在富集现象,且随着粒径变细,富集程度加剧;燃煤锅炉燃烧后,随石膏排放的汞占比较大,应采取相应的防治措施。  相似文献   

16.
Fly ash is a by-product of coal-fired electricity generation plants. Its utilization and disposal is of utmost importance. Using onion (Allium cepa) root tip system, the present study was carried out to evaluate the potential toxic and genotoxic effects of fly ash, collected from a thermal power plant in West Bengal, India. Prior to testing, the collected fly ash sample was mixed with sand in different proportions. Allium bulbs were allowed to germinate directly in fly ash and after five days the germinating roots were processed for the Allium test. Additionally, the Allium test was adapted for detecting DNA damage through comet assay. The results from the Allium test indicate that fly ash at 100% concentration inhibits root growth and mitotic indices; induces binucleated cells as a function of the proportion, but is not toxic at very low concentration. In the comet assay, a statistical increase for DNA strand breaks was found only at higher concentrations. The sample was analyzed by flame atomic absorption spectrometer for Zn, Pb, Cu, Ni, Cd and As, whose presence could partly be responsible for the toxicity of fly ash. The study concludes that the classical Allium test can give a more comprehensive data when done in combination with the comet assay, which is faster, simpler and independent of mitosis. Also when fly ash is used for other purposes in combination with soils, it should be judiciously used at very low concentrations in order to protect the ecosystem health from any potential adverse effects.  相似文献   

17.
Assessment of oxidative stress levels and tissue concentrations of elements in plants growing wild on fly ash basins is critical for realistic hazard identification of fly ash disposal areas. Hitherto, levels of oxidative stress markers in plants growing wild on fly ash basins have not been adequately investigated. We report here concentrations of selected metal and metalloid elements and levels of oxidative stress markers in leaves of Cassia occidentalis growing wild on a fly ash basin (Badarpur Thermal Power Station site) and a reference site (Garhi Mandu Van site). Plants growing on the fly ash basin had significantly high foliar concentration of As, Ni, Pb and Se and low foliar concentration of Mn and Fe compared to the plants growing on the reference site. The plants inhabiting the fly ash basin showed signs of oxidative stress and had elevated levels of lipid peroxidation, electrolyte leakage from cells and low levels of chlorophyll a and total carotenoids compared to plants growing at the reference site. The levels of both protein thiols and nonprotein thiols were elevated in plants growing on the fly ash basin compared to plants growing on the reference site. However, no differences were observed in the levels of cysteine, reduced glutathione and oxidized glutathione in plants growing at both the sites. Our study suggests that: (1) fly ash triggers oxidative stress responses in plants growing wild on fly ash basin, and (2) elevated levels of protein thiols and nonprotein thiols may have a role in protecting the plants from environmental stress.  相似文献   

18.
Lignite powered electric generation plants result in increasing environmental problems associated with gaseous emissions and the disposal of ash residues. Especially, low quality coals with high ash content cause enormous quantities of both gaseous and solid fly ash emissions. The main problem is related to the disposal of fly ash, which, in many cases, contains heavy metals. It is known that toxic trace metals may leach when fly ash is in contact with water. In this study, fly ash samples obtained from the thermal power plant in the town of Can in Turkey were investigated for leachability of metals under different acidic and temperature conditions. The experimental results show that a decrease in pH of the leachant favors the extraction of metal ions from fly ash. A significant increase in the extraction of arsenic, cadmium, chromium, zinc, lead, mercury, and selenium ions from the ash is attributed to the instability of the mineral phases. These heavy metals concentrations increase with respect to increasing acidic conditions and temperature. Peak concentrations, in general, were found at around 30°C.  相似文献   

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