首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 62 毫秒
1.
SPE-GC-ECD法测定水体中五种硝基苯类化合物   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
建立了固相萃取(SPE)-气相色谱-电子捕获检测器(GC-ECD)检测水中硝基苯类的方法。5种硝基苯类化合物的测定在一定浓度范围内线性关系良好,在高、中、低3种浓度水平下,被测物的回收率在71.6%~87.8%之间,测定结果的相对标准偏差在1.6%~9.3%之间。5种硝基苯类的方法检出限分别为0.15μg/L和0.015μg/L。结果表明,该方法适用于实际水样中硝基苯类的测定。  相似文献   

2.
改进的还原偶氮光度法同时快速测定水中硝基苯和苯胺   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
对测定方法进行了改进,建立了用还原-偶氮分光光度法同时快速测定水中硝基苯和苯胺的分析方法。根据实验原理,对样品前处理装置进行了改进,实验步骤得到了简化,避免了样品溶液过滤转移过程造成样品损失,使样品前处理实验效率提高了90%以上;改进后的测定方法不仅可快速测定样品中硝基苯,还可同时测定样品中苯胺;达到了用一种分析方法同时测定样品中两种污染物的目的。方法精密度测定结果,相对标准偏差(n=6,RSD)为1.9%~3.2%;对硝基苯、苯胺混合标准样品以及实际废水样品进行了测定,并与原测定方法及苯胺国标测定方法进行了比对实验;测定结果具有一致性。加标实验回收率为96%~101%,表明方法准确可靠,可用于水和废水中硝基苯或硝基苯和苯胺的同时测定。  相似文献   

3.
采用顶空气相色谱法快速测定土壤中苯、苯胺和硝基苯,优化了试验条件.方法在0 mg/L~100 mg/L范围内线性良好,苯、苯胺、硝基苯的检出限分别为0.012 mg/kg、0.22 mg/kg、0.083 mg/kg,实际土样测定的RSD≤1.4%,加标回收率为94.0%~102%.  相似文献   

4.
崔君  张强  顾华 《中国环境监测》2020,36(6):127-133
建立了超声辅助基质分散液液微萃取(UA-DLLME)作为前处理联合气相色谱串联质谱(GC-MS)同时测定地下水和地表水中15种硝基苯类化合物的分析方法。萃取剂、分散剂、萃取温度、萃取时间和离子强度等影响因素采用Plackett-Burman设计,快速筛选出最显著影响因素,利用中心组合设计(CCD)简化实验步骤优化显著因素,结合响应曲面图最终确定最佳的萃取条件:5 mL水样在3%氯化钠条件下迅速加入40 μL四氯化碳(萃取剂)和0.5 mL乙腈(分散剂),50 ℃下超声4 min,混合液4 000 r/min离心3 min。结果表明:15种硝基苯类化合物在50.0~1 000.0 μg/L的浓度范围内线性相关系数均大于0.995;采用超声辅助基质分散液液微萃取时,方法检出限(MDL)为0.018~0.039 μg/L;15种目标物的加标平均回收率为83.31%~99.08%,相对标准偏差均不高于5.0%(n=6)。  相似文献   

5.
工业废水中苯胺、硝基苯的检测方法探讨   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
建立了用气相色谱内标法测定工业废水中的苯胺、硝基苯的方法,优化了试验条件。采用SE-30毛细管柱来代替不锈钢柱,并采用氢火焰离子化检测器,可快速测出工业废水中的苯胺、硝基苯含量。方法在0-400mg/L之间,线性关系良好,实际工业废水样品测定的CV≤1.44%,加标回收率为98.4%~99.3%。  相似文献   

6.
建立了以固相萃取为前处理条件,用液相色谱法测定水中10种硝基苯酚类化合物的分析方法。实验使用HLB(6 L/150 g)固相萃取柱富集水样中的目标化合物,二氯甲烷与乙酸乙酯体积比1:2的混合溶剂洗脱,采用Phenyl柱(4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm)分离目标化合物,以乙腈(1%甲酸)/水(1%甲酸)为流动相进行梯度洗脱,二极管阵列检测器检测。10种硝基苯酚类物质在0.02~10 mg/L范围内呈现良好的线性。方法检出限为0.1~0.3 μg/L,水样加标相对标准偏差为5.19%~18.2%,平均加标回收率为49.8%~124%。该方法适用于水中10种硝基苯酚类化合物的测定。  相似文献   

7.
液-液萃取-气相色谱法同时测定水中吡啶、松节油和苯胺   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
研究建立了气相色谱法同时测定水中吡啶、松节油和苯胺的方法.采用二氯甲烷萃取,萃取后直接进行色谱分离分析,3种物质能够有效分离.吡啶、松节油和苯胺的水中最低检测浓度分别为0.009、0.009、0.004mg/L,样品添加平均回收率为89%~114%,平行6次精密度实验,相对标准偏差小于6.5.实验结果表明,气相色谱法简单、快速、准确,适用于水中吡啶、松节油和苯胺的测定.  相似文献   

8.
本研究建立了超声辅助离子液体-分散液液微萃取-高效液相色谱测定环境水样中苯胺(AN)、对氟苯胺(4-FA)、对硝基苯胺(4-NA)、对氯苯胺(4-CA)四种苯胺化合物的方法。以最常用的烷基咪唑六氟磷酸盐类离子液体为萃取剂,通过超声加速萃取剂的分散程度,提高了萃取效率。该方法的检测限达到0.1~73 ng/ml,对黄河水和自来水中的加标回收率均在90.5%~113%之间,回收效果良好。与传统的液液萃取相比,该萃取方法具有绿色、快速、富集效果好、有机溶剂消耗小的优点,可以满足环境水体中苯胺类化合物的测定。  相似文献   

9.
本研究建立了固相萃取结合高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定水样中苯胺类化合物的方法,水样前处理使用PCX固相萃取小柱吸附苯胺类化合物,以甲醇溶剂洗脱,采用ZORBAX Eclipse Plus C18色谱柱,电喷雾质谱正离子模式,以乙腈-0. 2%甲酸水为流动相,梯度洗脱,同时测定水样中12种苯胺类化合物。结果显示,进水中12种苯胺类化合物加标回收率62.3%~119%,日内精密度为2.55%~11.8%,日间精密度为4.17%~13.6%;出水中12种苯胺类化合物加标回收率为70.5%~115%,日内精密度为2.49%~10.5%,日间精密度为3.01%~15.5%;12种物质的检出限为0.25~1.97μg/L。该方法操作简单、结果准确,能够满足水样中12种苯胺类化合物的定性定量测定,可同时处理大批样品。用该方法对江苏省淮安市18家污水处理厂的进、出水样进行了测定,12种苯胺类化合物在18个采样点均能检出,其中N,N-二乙基间甲苯胺检出水平最高,平均值为15.29ng/L,2,6-二甲基苯胺同样检出水平最低,平均值为5.22 ng/L。采用风险商值法评估对12种苯胺类化合物进行了生态风险评估,结果表明二苯胺、苯胺和间甲苯胺为中等潜在生态风险,其他均为低生态风险。  相似文献   

10.
建立了一种小体积液液萃取气相色谱法快速测定地表水中硝基苯类化合物的分析方法。方法具有适用性广、溶剂用量少和操作简便等特点。当萃取剂甲苯用量为1.5 ml时,萃取富集效率可达191~332倍,回收率为90.7%~102%,相对标准偏差为2.9%~5.1%,检出限为0.000 3~0.005 mg/L。  相似文献   

11.
微波消解-原子吸收光度法测定土壤中铜锌铅镉镍铬   总被引:24,自引:5,他引:24       下载免费PDF全文
用微波消解-原子吸收光度法测定土壤中铜,锌,铅,镉,镍和铬。通过硝酸-氢氟酸-过氧化氢体系消解液对土壤样品消解,选择出微波最佳消解条件。对硝酸-盐酸-过氧化氢体系消解液和硝酸-氢氟酸-过氧化氢体系消解液进行消解对比试验,发现前者不能将土壤样品完全消解,后者能将样品消解完全,但需将消解液中剩余的酸赶尽,否则测定结果将明显偏低。微波消解土壤与传统电热消解相比,操作简便快速,可提高工作效率。  相似文献   

12.
The aim of the study was to determine the extent of heavy metal pollution in the vicinity of a lead battery manufacturing plant in the Czech Republic, both in the general environment and within homes. Topsoils (0–5 cm) were sampled from 100 sites along 4 transects which crossed the battery factory, the town centre and outlying rural areas. Housedust samples were collected from 15 plant-workers' homes and 15 non plant-workers' homes located at various distances from the factory. Samples were analysed for levels of Pb, Zn, Cd, Cu, As and Sb, using ICP-AES. Soil concentrations of Pb, Cd, As and Sb peaked at the perimeter fence of the battery factory with Pb levels of up to 12 650 g g> -1. Concentrations of these metals decreased exponentially within 500 m of the plant. Whilst the battery factory does appear to be a source of all the metals with the exception of Zn, emissions do not appear to be transported to any great extent over distances of more than 0.5 km. Topsoil and housedust concentrations of Pb, Zn, Cd, Cu, As and Sb in the general Mlada Boleslav area do not appear to be significantly different from those recorded in a large scale survey of urban soils in the United Kingdom. A comparison of housedust Pb concentrations in homes of plant workers and non-plant workers suggests that there may be a small input of Pb into the home environment by battery plant employees.  相似文献   

13.
The San Francisco Estuary Regional Monitoring Program for Trace Substances (RMP) began in 1993 and is sponsored by 74 local, state, and federal agencies and companies through their discharge or Bay use permits. The RMP monitors water, sediment, toxicity, and bivalve bioaccumulation at 25 sites in the Bay that are considered to represent "background" conditions. Several major environmental issues have been identified by the RMP. Polychlorinated biphenyls and mercury were often above water quality guidelines, and often occurred in fish tissues above U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) screening values. Concentrations do not appear to be decreasing, suggesting continuing inputs. Episodes of aquatic toxicity often occurred following runoff events that transport contaminants into the Bay from urbanized and agricultural portions of the watershed. Sediment toxicity occurred throughout the Bay, and has been correlated with concentrations of specific contaminants (chlordanes, polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons) at some locations; mixtures of contaminants were probably also important. Since the RMP does not monitor all ecosystem components, assessments of the overall condition of the Bay cannot be made. However, in terms of contamination, the RMP samples suggest that the South Bay, and North Bay sites are moderately contaminated.  相似文献   

14.
A migratory population of 78 pairs of Osprey (Pandion haliaetus) nesting along the Willamette River in westernOregon was studied in 1993. The study was designed to determinecontaminant concentrations in eggs, contaminant concentrationsin fish species predominant in the Ospreys diet, andBiomagnification Factors (BMFs) of contaminants from fish specieseaten to Osprey eggs. Ten Osprey eggs and 25 composite samplesof fish (3 species) were used to evaluate organochlorine (OC)pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polychlorinateddibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), and polychlorinated dibenzofurans(PCDFs). Mercury was also analyzed in fish. Geometric meanresidues in Osprey eggs were judged low, e.g., DDE 2.3 g g-1 wet weight (ww), PCBs 0.69 g g-1, 2,3,7,8-TCDD 2.3 ng kg-1, and generally well below known threshold values for adverse effects on productivity, and the population was increasing. Osprey egg residue data presentedby River Mile (RM) are discussed, e.g., higher PCDDs were generally found immediately downstream of paper mills and eggsfrom the Willamette River had significantly elevated PCBs and PCDDs compared to reference eggs collected nearby in the CascadeMountains. Prey remains at nest sites indicated that the Largescale Sucker (Catostomus macrocheilus) and NorthernPikeminnow (Ptychocheilus oregonensis) accounted for an estimated 90.1% of the biomass in the Osprey diet, and composite samples of these two species were collected from different sampling sites throughout the study area for contaminant analyses. With the large percentage of the fishbiomass in the Osprey diet sampled for contaminants (and fisheaten by Ospreys similar in size to those chemically analyzed),and fish contaminant concentrations weighted by biomass intake, a mean BMF was estimated from fish to Osprey eggs for the largeseries of contaminants. BMFs ranged from no biomagnification(0.42) for 2,3,7,8-TCDF to 174 for OCDD. Our findings for themigratory Osprey were compared to BMFs for the resident HerringGull (Larus argentatus), and differences are discussed. Webelieve a BMF approach provides some basic understanding ofrelationships between contaminant burdens in prey species offish-eating birds and contaminants incorporated into their eggs,and may prove useful in understanding sources of contaminants inmigratory species although additional studies are needed.  相似文献   

15.
Material Disposal Area G is the primary low-levelradioactive waste disposal site at Los Alamos NationalLaboratory, New Mexico, and is adjacent to Pueblo of SanIldefonso lands. Pueblo residents and Los Alamos scientists areconcerned about radiological doses resulting from uptake of AreaG radionuclides by mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) andRocky Mountain elk (Cervus elaphus), then consumption ofdeer and elk meat by humans. Tissue samples were collected fromdeer and elk accidentally killed near Area G and were analyzedfor 3H, 90Sr, total U, 238Pu, 239, 240Pu,241Am, and 137Cs. These data were used to estimatehuman doses based on meat consumption of 23 kg y-1. Humandoses were also modeled using RESRAD, and dose rates to deer andelk were estimated with a screening model. Dose estimates tohumans from tissue consumption were 2.9 × 10-3 mSv y-1and 1.6 × 10-3 mSv y-1 from deer and elk, respectively,and RESRAD dose estimates were of the same order of magnitude. Estimated dose rates to deer and elk were 2.1 × 10-4 mGyd-1 and 4.7 × 10-4 mGy d-1, respectively. Allestimated doses were significantly less than established exposurelimits or guidelines.  相似文献   

16.
An important research area in life sciences is devoted to modeling, prediction, and dynamics of gene-expression patterns. As clearly understood in these days, this enterprise cannot become satisfactory without acknowledging the role of the environment. To a representation of past, present, and most likely future states, we also encounter measurement errors and uncertainties. This paper surveys and improves recent advances in understanding the foundations and interdisciplinary implications of the newly introduced gene–environment networks, and it integrates the important theme of carbon dioxide emission reduction into the networks and dynamics. We also introduce some operational and managerial issues of practical working and decision making, expressed in terms of sliding windows, quadrants (modules) of parametric effects, and navigating (controlling) between such effects and directing them. Given data from DNA microarray experiments and environmental records, we extract nonlinear ordinary differential equations that contain parameters that have to be determined. For this, we employ modern (Chebychevian) approximation and (generalized semi-infinite) optimization. After this is provided, time- discretized dynamical systems are studied. A combinatorial algorithm with polyhedra sequences allows to detect the region of parametric stability. Finally, we analyze the topological landscape of gene–environment networks with its structural (in)stability. By embedding as a module and investigating CO2 emission control and figuring out game theoretical aspects, we conclude. This pioneering work is theoretically elaborated, practically devoted to health care, medicine, education, living conditions, and environmental protection, and it invites the readers to future research.   相似文献   

17.
The draft of the German guideline to calculate automobile exhaust dispersion is explained. It contains a two-stage-system: For first quick estimates the guideline contains the simple models MLuS and STREET. In case these models are not applicable or their results shows concentration levels close to the air quality standards, the more complex models PROKAS_V and MISKAM are recommended. PROKAS_V is a Gaussian plume model, MISKAM is a 3-dimensional microscale non hydrostatic flow model for built-up areas with an Eulerian dispersion model. The guideline comprises cases in rural areas without or with few adjacent buildings as well as urban areas with buildings near the roads. The contribution gives information about the models, typical results and some of the problems showing up presently.  相似文献   

18.
This paper gives mathematical details and sample applications of SWAGMAN Farm (SWAGMAN, Salt Water and Groundwater Management), a farm-scale hydrologic economic model that integrates agronomic, climatic, irrigation, hydrogeological and economic aspects of irrigated agriculture. The model is capable of determining optimum mix of land use to keep watertable and soil salinity within acceptable limits while maximising the economic returns. Alternatively, the model can simulate water and salt balance and economics of a given cropping preference. Web-based and Geographic Information Systems versions of the model are available for integration with the environmental reporting systems of the irrigation areas.  相似文献   

19.
The population counts of hydrocarbon-utilising yeasts weremonitored at six sampling stations in the Benin City municipalarea over a four-week period. Although the population countswere relatively constant in each locality, the highest countsoccurred in areas heavily polluted by domestic and industrialeffluents. A total of thirty-five hydrocarbon-degrading yeastswere isolated from soil at the sampling stations usingn-hexadecane as sole carbon source. The isolates were identifiedas belonging to the genera Candida (27 strains), Endomycopsis (4 strains). All the organisms grew on long-chainn-alkane, kerosene, diesel oil and crude oil but failed to growon short-chain n-alkane, aromatic and alicyclic hydrocarbons.Measurement of growth attributes of the isolates usingn-hexadecane, diesel oil and crude oil as substrates showed thatthe Candida species were better utilizers of hydrocarbonsubstrates relative to Endomycopsis and Schizosaccharomyces species.  相似文献   

20.
用火焰原子吸收光谱法测定了苏州开发区26种蔬菜中的铜、锌、铁、锰和镍的含量。蔬菜样品用硝酸高氯酸混合酸进行消解。4次测定值的相对标准差<5%,加标回收率在92%~107%之间。26种蔬菜中铜、锌、铁、锰、镍的含量基本均在世贸组织规定的范围内。  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号