江苏省太湖应急防控形势及对策体系研究

对2008年-2010年来太湖水质状况、蓝藻暴发状况及影响因素、湖泛发生状况及成因、蓝藻生长对湖体水质的影响、蓝藻与湖泛对饮用水安全影响进行了研究.简述了环保、建设、水利、气象、中科院南京地理与湖泊研究所等部门和单位,在监测预警、供水保障、调水引流、打捞蓝藻、生态清淤、控源截污、人工增雨、统筹协调等方面团结协作、多措并...     

洪泽湖水质富营养化评价

对洪泽湖及其入湖河流水质现状进行了评价,得知洪泽湖及其入湖河流总体水质为劣Ⅴ类,影响两者水质的主要污染物为总磷和总氮。对洪泽湖浮游植物的时空分布及相关因子进行分析,得知洪泽湖目前为轻富营养水平。最后对洪泽湖第一次发生蓝藻聚集现象的原因进行了分析。     

塔山水库蓝藻暴发的成因及控制

简述了塔山水库蓝藻暴发的过程及成因。指出 ,由于水库的营养物质增多、水质恶化 ,在不利的水文、气象 (高温、光照充足、微风 )等条件下 ,导致蓝藻暴发。提出了相应的控制对策     

塔山水库蓝藻暴水的成因及控制

简述了塔山水库蓝藻暴发的过程及成因。指出，由于水库的营养物质增多、水质恶化，在不利的水文、气象（高温、光照充足、微风）等条件下，导致蓝藻暴发。提出了相应的控制对策。     

密云水库浮游藻类和细菌污染现状及趋势分析

为评价密云水库水体富营养化的现状及发展趋势,在水库水面不同方位和不同水深分别布点采样,对水库水质的浮游藻类群落结构、密度和卫生学性状进行了初步监测和评价。结果显示,水体浮游藻类总量有增加趋势,但主要群落结构变化不大,仍以绿藻-硅藻型为主;但蓝藻的比例随水温的增加显著;各项卫生学指标基本在正常范围;同时发现其内湖的蓝藻污染较为严重,对大库区水质形成潜在威胁,应予重视。     

YSI6600V2水质多参数仪现场快速法与实验室分光光度法测定湖泊藻类叶绿素的比较

通过将YSI6600V2水质多参数仪测得的叶绿素a值与实验室分光光度法叶绿素a测定值进行比较,分析了YSI6600V2多参数水质监测仪测定叶绿素a的准确性与局限性。结果表明,YSI6600V2测定值多数偏低,且相关性较差。将YSI6600V2测得的蓝藻密度样本分为2类后,相关性得到显著提升。提出了利用蓝藻密度对样本进行分类后,分别进行叶绿素a校正的方法,并说明了此种校正方法的局限性。     

滇池蓝藻水华监测预警平台设计

传统的人工监测无法实现大规模蓝藻的实时监测预警,该研究运用基于Python的ArcGIS Server自动发布地图服务、多元数据预警分析、人工水质监测数据预警分析等技术,以滇池为研究区,构建了水华预警系统。通过预警体系业务子系统和预警信息共享与发布子系统,结合滇池蓝藻水华监测预警综合数据库,实现了大规模蓝藻预警信息的实时生成、共享和发布,提出了地表变化动态监测预警的思路。系统建成后,通过对滇池流域生态红线预警范围内的地表覆盖变化情况监测,可及时发现导致水华发生的潜在陆源污染因素。同时配合排污点污染成分检测实现预警,从源头防止水华发生。     

太湖蓝藻暴发成因及其富营养化控制

根据近年太湖水质和生物监测资料，结合近年藻类生长趋势和区域污染物人湖状况，探讨近年夏季梅梁湖蓝藻暴发原因，并提出了控制太湖富营养化措施。     

大通湖生态修复前后水体浮游植物调查及富营养化评价

2016—2021年夏秋季期间在大通湖布设18个采样点，对大通湖浮游植物及水体理化指标采样分析，并应用综合营养指数对其水质富营养状态进行评价。结果表明，调查期间大通湖浮游植物共鉴定出6门71属，以蓝藻门和绿藻门为主。生态修复后大通湖浮游植物细胞数和Chl a质量浓度呈显著上升趋势，2020年达峰值，分别为7.20×107 个/L和12.56μg/L。蓝藻门的优势地位逐渐加强，2016—2021年蓝藻门占比由42.8%增长至85.5%，其中微囊藻和长孢藻占据绝对优势地位。大通湖水质营养状态在沉水植物修复后2019年由轻度富营养短暂降为中营养水平，由于2019年冬季沉水植物消亡及次年未复苏，2020年又反弹为中度富营养状态。     

自动监测预警太湖蓝藻爆发规律研究

以太湖湖体中沙渚、兰山嘴两个自动站的监测数据为基础,分析了太湖蓝藻爆发过程中主要水质指标变化情况。研究结果表明,蓝藻引发灾害性湖泛现象的主要过程分为生长期、平稳期、死亡期、高危前期、灾害期和恢复期,在高危前期和灾害期,溶解氧(DO)快速下降,而总氮(TN)等参数的变化正好与DO变化相反,这一显著特征可作为预警的重要信息。     

Mapping chlorophyll-a through in-situ measurements and Terra ASTER satellite data

This paper presents an application of water quality mapping through real-time satellite and ground data. The Lake Beysehir which is the largest freshwater lake and drinking water reservoir in Turkey was selected as the study area. Terra ASTER satellite image is used as remote sensing data source for water quality mapping in addition to simultaneously performed in-situ measurements. Ground data is collected simultaneously with the ASTER overpass on June 09, 2005 over the Lake Beysehir. The spatial distribution map is developed by using multiple regression (MR) technique for water quality parameter, which is chlorophyll-a (chl-a). The results indicate that simultaneous ground and satellite remote sensing data are highly correlated (R (2) > 0.86). In the image processing step, geometric correction, image filtering and development of water quality map procedures are performed with the ERDAS Imagine and ArcGIS 9.0 software. The trophic status of Lake Beysehir is considered to be oligotrophic with an average 1.55 microg/l chl-a concentration.     

汛期连云港市重点断面污染来源调查研究

长期以来汛期江苏省部分重点断面水质下降明显,是当地水环境质量提升的难点之一.选取连云港市重点断面为研究对象,应用手工监测和卫星遥感监测方法,分析4个典型断面水质变化特点;通过三维荧光溯源分析方法,确定农业源和生活源是主要污染源;结合现场核查,发现秸秆还田沤水和雨污分流不到位是导致典型断面水质下降的主要原因.研究提出,手...     

Assessment of water quality parameters of the Harike wetland in India, a Ramsar site, using IRS LISS IV satellite data

This study aims at the classification and water quality assessment of Harike wetland (Ramsar site) in India using satellite images from the Indian Remote Sensing satellite, Resourcesat (IRS P6). The Harike wetland is a converging zone of two rivers, Beas and Sutlej. The satellite images of IRS Linear Imaging Self Scanner (LISS) IV multispectral sensor with three bands (green, red, and near infrared (NIR)) and a spatial resolution of 5.8 m were classified using supervised image classification techniques. Field points for image classification and water sampling were recorded using a Garmin eTrex Global Positioning System. The water quality parameters assessed were dissolved oxygen, conductivity, pH, turbidity, total and suspended solids (SS), chemical oxygen demand, and Secchi disk transparency (SDT). Correlations were established between turbidity and SS, SS and SDT, and total solids and turbidity. Using reflectance values from the green, red, and NIR bands, we then plotted the water quality parameters with the mean digital number values from the satellite imagery. The NIR band correlated significantly with the water quality parameters, whereas, using SDT values, it was observed that the green and the red reflectance bands were able to distinguish the waters from the two rivers, which have different water qualities.     

Water quality assessment at Ömerli Dam using remote sensing techniques

Water quality at Omerli Dam, which is a vital potable water resource of Istanbul City, Turkey was assessed using the first four bands of Landsat 7-ETM satellite data, acquired in May 2001 and water quality parameters, such as chlorophyll-a, suspended solid matter, secchi disk and total phosphate measured at several measurement stations at Omerli Dam during satellite image acquisition time and archived at the Marine Pollution and Ecotoxicology laboratory of the Marmara Research Center, where this study was carried out. Establishing a relationship between this data, and the pixel reflectance values in the satellite image, chlorophyll-a, suspended solid matter, secchi disk and total phosphate maps were produced for the Omerli Dam.     

高分一、二号卫星遥感数据在生态环境监测中的应用

从水环境质量监测、水体信息提取、植被资源监测、城市土地覆盖识别、大气环境监测5个方面综述了高分一号(GF-1)、高分二号(GF-2)卫星遥感数据在区域生态环境监测领域的应用,分析了相关研究的应用方向和重点,表明GF-1、GF-2卫星遥感数据在该领域具有良好的适用性和较大的应用潜力。     

淮河流域淮安段着生藻类群落结构特征分析

于2021年5月对淮安境内淮河主要干支流8个点位的水质状况和着生藻类群落结构采样调查，应用3种多样性指数模型评价区域水生态健康状况，并探究影响着生藻类多样性的因素。结果表明：采样期间淮河流域淮安市域共检出着生藻类3门23科32属（种），由硅藻门、蓝藻门和绿藻门组成，硅藻门占绝对优势；多样性指数计算结果显示，流域水生态状况良好，整体表现为清洁-轻污型水体，淮河上游水质稍差于其他水域；结合水质监测数据与卫星遥感影像分析，认为生境状况是影响着生藻类群落分布的主要因素。     

集中式饮用水水源地水质预警指标体系构建

饮用水水源地水质预警是建立健全饮用水安全保障体系的关键环节,构建水源地水质预警指标体系是水源地监控预警工作的重要基础。系统分析了常规水质在线、生物毒性在线、卫星遥感、人工巡视等水质预警监测技术手段,并分析比较了各方法的优缺点。以此为基础,遵循水源地预警指标体系构建原则与实际需求,统筹兼顾,提出了建立以常规理化-生物毒性在线监测相结合,遥感监测与人工巡查相统筹的一体化水源地水质预警指标体系,为水源地水质预警监控工作提供合理的、科学的技术支撑。     

Mapping Turbidity in the Charles River, Boston Using a High-resolution Satellite

The usability of high-resolution satellite imagery for estimating spatial water quality patterns in urban water bodies is evaluated using turbidity in the lower Charles River, Boston as a case study. Water turbidity was surveyed using a boat-mounted optical sensor (YSI) at 5 m spatial resolution, resulting in about 4,000 data points. The ground data were collected coincidently with a satellite imagery acquisition (IKONOS), which consists of multispectral (R, G, B) reflectance at 1 m resolution. The original correlation between the raw ground and satellite data was poor (R2 = 0.05). Ground data were processed by removing points affected by contamination (e.g., sensor encounters a particle floc), which were identified visually. Also, the ground data were corrected for the memory effect introduced by the sensor's protective casing using an analytical model. Satellite data were processed to remove pixels affected by permanent non-water features (e.g., shoreline). In addition, water pixels within a certain buffer distance from permanent non-water features were removed due to contamination by the adjacency effect. To determine the appropriate buffer distance, a procedure that explicitly considers the distance of pixels to the permanent non-water features was applied. Two automatic methods for removing the effect of temporary non-water features (e.g., boats) were investigated, including (1) creating a water-only mask based on an unsupervised classification and (2) removing (filling) all local maxima in reflectance. After the various processing steps, the correlation between the ground and satellite data was significantly better (R2 = 0.70). The correlation was applied to the satellite image to develop a map of turbidity in the lower Charles River, which reveals large-scale patterns in water clarity. However, the adjacency effect prevented the application of this method to near-shore areas, where high-resolution patterns were expected (e.g., outfall plumes).     

The impact of point source pollution on shallow groundwater used for human consumption in a threshold country

Many developing and threshold countries rely on shallow groundwater wells for their water supply whilst pit latrines are used for sanitation. We employed a unified strategy involving satellite images and environmental monitoring of 16 physico-chemical and microbiological water quality parameters to identify significant land uses that can lead to unacceptable deterioration of source water, in a region with a subtropical climate and seasonally restricted torrential rainfall in Northern Argentina. Agricultural and non-agricultural sources of nitrate were illustrated in satellite images and used to assess the organic load discharged. The estimated human organic load per year was 28.5 BOD(5) tons and the N load was 7.5 tons, while for poultry farms it was 9940-BOD(5) tons and 1037-N tons, respectively. Concentrations of nitrates and organics were significantly different between seasons in well water (p values of 0.026 and 0.039, respectively). The onset of the wet season had an extraordinarily negative impact on well water due in part to the high permeability of soils made up of fine gravels and coarse sand. Discriminant analysis showed that land uses had a pronounced seasonal influence on nitrates and introduced additional microbial contamination, causing nitrification and denitrification in shallow groundwater. P-well was highly impacted by a poultry farm while S-well was affected by anthropogenic pollution and background load, as revealed by Principal Component Analysis. The application of microbial source tracking techniques is recommended to corroborate local sources of human versus animal origin.