纳米材料在痕量重金属离子测定中的应用

介绍了纳米材料的吸附性能,评述了影响其分离富集重金属离子效果的主要因素,综述了纳米金属氧化物、碳纳米管及其他纳米材料在痕量重金属离子测定中的应用进展,提出提高纳米吸附材料的选择性和稳定性,开发便携式商品化的纳米材料萃取小柱是今后的发展方向.     

水中氟的分离与富集的研究(续)——用CaPOHI和Ⅱ型交换柱分离富集水中氟

羟基磷灰石分子式为(Ca_(10)(PO_4)_6(OH_2)是人体骨骼中的一种重要的无机物质早已为人们所了解,尽管早在50年代就有人将羟基磷灰石用于微量氟的分析中,但将它用于无机离子的分离与富集仅是近些年才有较大的发展。SUZUKI等人用羟基磷灰石作阳离子交换剂,交换水中的Cd(Ⅱ)、Zn(Ⅱ)和Cu(Ⅱ)等二价金属离子。SHIKIKI等用它分离富集水中的氟。本文试以羟基磷灰石为主要原料,与多孔基体一起制备成颗粒状的除氟     

高效液相色谱法检测水中微囊藻毒素的实验条件优化

通过实验优化高效液相色谱检测水中微囊藻毒素的方法,对水样前处理过程中使用的固相萃取柱、淋洗剂、洗脱剂及浓缩定容方式等进行了选择.用流动相为V(1.25%TFA水溶液)∶V(甲醇)=40∶60的溶液洗脱,MC-RR和MC-LR在15 min内有较好的分离,工作曲线的范围为0.1 mg/L～10 mg/L,方法检测限为0.1 μg/L,两者的回收率分别为98.1%和101%.测定方法简易、可靠和实用.     

高效液相色谱-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测水中不同形态砷

采用高效液相色谱(HPLC)分离水中两种常见的砷形态As(III)、As(V),电感耦合等离子体质谱系统进行检测鉴定,利用C8色谱柱,探讨了甲醇含量、磷酸二氢钾浓度、四丁基氢氧化铵浓度、p H等测试条件,由此建立了水中砷形态的分析方法。结果表明,以1.5 mmol/L磷酸二氢钾、2 mmol/L四丁基氢氧化铵(TBAOH)、5%甲醇作为流动相,调节流动相为p H 5.5,流速为1.4 m L/min,上述两种不同形态的砷可在5.5 min内得以有效分离,As(III)、As(V)检出限分别为0.001、0.01μg/L,定量下限分别为0.005、0.03μg/L。该方法实现了对水中常见的不同形态砷(As(III)、As(V))的同时分析,具有灵敏度高、选择性好、检测速度快的特点,在水质分析领域具有重要意义与应用价值。     

江蓠对水体重金属铅镍的蓄积及生物修复研究

以活体细基江篱繁枝变型(Gracilariatunuistipitata var)作为研究材料,以Pb、Ni重金属离子为污染因子,通过室内静态模拟实验,综合利用等离子发射光谱仪,超速离心机.差速离心机等实验手段研究在单一离子污染胁迫下,江蓠对Pb、Ni重金属离子的短期去除效果,各重金属离子在其体内蓄积效应,江蓠质外体、...     

高效液相色谱法测定土壤中多环芳烃的条件优化

研究了加速溶剂萃取(ASE)、固相萃取柱净化(SPE)、高效液相色谱仪(HPLC)联合测定土壤中16种多环芳烃(PAHs)的分析方法,选择以正己烷/丙酮(1+1,V/V)作为ASE提取溶剂,提取液经SPE硅胶小柱净化,正己烷/二氯甲烷(1+1,V/V)进行洗脱,洗脱体积为10 m L,洗脱液经旋转蒸发浓缩至近干,过0.22μm有机滤膜,用乙腈定容至1 m L,最后用HPLC-紫外检测器对提取液中16种PAHs进行定量分析。土壤中16种PAHs的方法检出限为2.8~4.9μg/kg,加标回收率为81.9%~102%,相对标准偏差为2.5%~6.2%,完全满足土壤中PAHs分析的质量控制要求,该法稳定性好、准确度高、可操作性强,适合于土壤样品中16种PAHs的准确测定。     

飞行时间质谱-GC-MS/MS法测定桂花中β-紫罗兰酮

采用水蒸气蒸馏萃取法处理新鲜采摘的桂花,利用飞行时间质谱(GC-Q-TOF/MS)法定性分析β-紫罗兰酮,考察β-紫罗兰酮的碎裂方式,再用气相色谱三重四级杆串联质谱(GC-MS/MS)多重反应监测(MRM)定量分析桂花中β-紫罗兰酮.该方法在2.00μg/L～100μg/L范围内线性良好,方法检出限为8.67 ng/L...     

离子交换—原子吸收分光光度法测定冶金工业废水中Cr(Ⅵ)

采用国产001 ×7 (732)强酸性阳离子交换树脂,在PH5—7条件下分离Cr(Ⅲ)与Cr(Ⅵ)收集流出液,定量加入2％KHSO_4干扰抑制剂,用火焰原子吸收分光光度法测定Cr(Ⅵ)含量。方法简便快速、稳定。几种常见金属离子对测定无显著影响。适合于测定冶金工业废水中的Cr(Ⅵ)。     

便携式分光光度计法快速测定水中砷方法研究

通过研究各仪器性能指标以及测定实际水质样品,对3种便携式分光光度计快速测定水中砷的方法进行了优化和比对研究。结果表明,ZZW-Ⅱ测试仪快速测定水中砷的方法检出限(0.2 mg/L)高于JH 916检测仪和PORS-15 V光谱仪的方法检出限(0.008和0.009 mg/L),在突发性环境污染事故应急监测中,JH 916检测仪和PORS-15 V光谱仪具有相对较高的灵敏度。ZZW-Ⅱ测试仪和JH 916检测仪快速测定水中砷的方法精密度相近,其测定结果相对标准偏差均未超过5.7%(n=6),PORS-15 V光谱仪快速测定水中砷的方法精密度稍差,其相对标准偏差最大值为17%。测定实际样品时,加标回收率分别为110%~126%(ZZW-Ⅱ测试仪),63%~108%(PORS-15 V光谱仪),78%~101%(JH 916检测仪)。3种便携式分光光度计与实验室分析方法相比,测定结果精密度均存在显著性差异,测定结果相对偏差亦较大,相对偏差最大值分别为-19.0%(ZZW-Ⅱ测试仪),17.0%(PORS-15 V光谱仪),-15.0%(JH 916检测仪)。     

超高效液相色谱法测定生活饮用水中的溴氰菊酯

采用反相超高效液相色谱法测定生活饮用水中的溴氰菊酯,并用于实际样品的分析.该方法用二氯甲烷为萃取剂,以甲醇—水（85 /15,V/V）作为流动相,紫外检测器的检测波长为215 nm.该方法在6 min之内可完成生活饮用水中溴氰菊酯的分离及检测,结果表明,该方法线性范围、精密度、加标回收率均符合相关技术要求,适用于水样中溴氰菊酯的测定.     

装潢居室空气中甲醛采样方法改进

对空气中甲醛测定的采样方法进行了探讨 ,分别用水和稀硫酸作吸收液对空气甲醛进行采样研究。结果表明 ,用 0 .0 0 5mol LH2 SO4 作吸收液的采样方法 ,可有效、稳定地延长样品的保存时间 ,且又符合方法灵敏度和精密度的要求。     

从履约压力看环境监测发展方向

分析了在当前履约压力下环境监测的薄弱与不足之处,提出了拓展环境空气监测内容,将生态调查和多样性监测纳入常规体系,推进有机监测技术发展,加大多边合作与联合监测的发展思路.     

泰东河疏浚工程对通榆河水质的影响

为了解泰东河疏浚工程对通榆河水质的影响,于2012年6月8日、9月12日、12月6日,对泰东河沿线以及通榆河东台段进行调查取样,分析施工期间河体水质变化。结果表明,施工期间水质参数基本保持在Ⅱ~Ⅲ类。根据江苏省水环境监测中心盐城分中心2011年、2013年监测资料评价分析,泰东河河道疏浚后,清理了河床淤泥,提高了泰东河的行洪、抗洪以及通航能力,其水质的好转有效地改善了下游通榆河的水质,确保了饮水安全。     

锅炉污染物监测中运行负荷的现场判断

简述了锅炉的风量和烟气量、锅炉燃料的消耗量以及锅炉运行负荷的估算方法。通过实例分析,用现场监测的实际风量与理论值比较,粗略估算出监测时段锅炉运行负荷,比对锅炉污染物监测时段的锅炉运行负荷标准,从而判断监测数据的准确性与有效性。     

Estimating the Ecological Condition of the Estuaries of the Gulf of Mexico

Monitoring of estuaries in the Louisianian Province was performed annually from 1991–1994 to assess ecological conditions on a regional scale. We found over the four years of monitoring, 25±6% of Gulf of Mexico estuarine sediments in the Louisianian Province displayed poor biological conditions, as measured by benthic community structure, and 14±7% of the area was characterized by poor water clarity, the presence of marine debris, and elevated levels of fish tissue contaminants. Using statistical associations to discern relationships between ecological condition and exposure or stressor data has shown that much of this degraded' condition co-occurs with sediment contamination.     

An ecosystem report on the Panama Canal: monitoring the status of the forest communities and the watershed

In 1996, the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute and the Republic of Panama's Environmental Authority, with support fromthe United States Agency for International Development, undertook a comprehensive program to monitor the ecosystem of the Panama Canal watershed. The goals were to establish baselineindicators for the integrity of forest communities and rivers. Based on satellite image classification and ground surveys, the2790 km² watershed had 1570 km² of forest in 1997, 1080 km² of which was in national parks and nature monuments. Most of the 490 km² of forest not currently in protected areas lies along the west bank of the Canal, and its managementstatus after the year 2000 turnover of the Canal from the U.S. to Panama remains uncertain. In forest plots designed to monitorforest diversity and change, a total of 963 woody plant specieswere identified and mapped. We estimate there are a total of 850–1000 woody species in forests of the Canal corridor. Forestsof the wetter upper reaches of the watershed are distinct in species composition from the Canal corridor, and have considerably higher diversity and many unknown species. Theseremote areas are extensively forested, poorly explored, and harbor an estimated 1400–2200 woody species. Vertebrate monitoring programs were also initiated, focusing on species threatened by hunting and forest fragmentation. Large mammals are heavily hunted in most forests of Canal corridor, and therewas clear evidence that mammal density is greatly reduced in hunted areas and that this affects seed predation and dispersal. The human population of the watershed was 113 000 in 1990, and grew by nearly 4% per year from 1980 to 1990. Much of this growth was in a small region of the watershed on the outskirts of Panama City, but even rural areas, including villages near and within national parks, grew by 2% per year. There is no sewage treatment in the watershed, and many towns have no trashcollection, thus streams near large towns are heavily polluted. Analyses of sediment loads in rivers throughout the watershed did not indicate that erosion has been increasing as a result ofdeforestation, rather, erosion seems to be driven largely by total rainfall and heavy rainfall events that cause landslides.Still, models suggest that large-scale deforestation would increase landslide frequency, and failure to detect increases inerosion could be due to the gradual deforestation rate and the short time period over which data are available. A study of runoff showed deforestation increased the amount of water fromrainfall that passed directly into streams. As a result, dry season flow was reduced in a deforested catchment relative to aforested one. Currently, the Panama Canal watershed has extensive forest areasand streams relatively unaffected by humans. But impacts of hunting and pollution near towns are clear, and the burgeoningpopulation will exacerbate these impacts in the next few decades.Changes in policies regarding forest protection and pollution control are necessary.     

空气质量监测中标准状态对测定结果的影响及建议

环境空气质量标准中各种污染物的浓度限值是评价、考核空气质量状况的基本依据。为了保证在不同时空、不同环境状况下监测数据的可比性,各个国家或组织在制定的空气质量标准中对标准状态(温度和压力)进行了定义。但是,由于标准状态定义不同,即使是同一环境状况下的同一实测结果进行标化计算后的污染物浓度也不相同,达不到可比性的基本原则。因此,建议中国在未来修订空气质量标准所采用的标准状态,进一步与国际接轨。     

北方重工业城市降水pH值与相关因素关系的研究

针对北方重工业城市出现的酸性降水和pH值降低的现象,采用集中监测、纵横对比、统计分析的方法,对降水pH值现状及与相关因子的关系进行了研究。结果显示,降水pH值依污染源排放的烟(粉)量的减少、环境空气中总悬浮微粒浓度的降低、机动车保有量的增加而向酸性发展,空气质量好的区域易发生酸雨,北方重工业城市"尘"重点治理以后酸雨和二氧化硫污染将出现加重趋势。仅靠削减二氧化硫排放量控制污染是不够的,重工业城市必须综合防治。     

太湖流域水体富营养化成因及防治对策的初步研究

以较丰富的素材分析了太湖流域富营养化的成因及其危害性,同时阐述了水体富营养化的治理对策。     

环境监控(监测)建设与发展过程的思考

论述环境监控系统的发展过程、具体应用和建设的意义。叙述环境监控系统的建设为解决环境质量监测、污染源在线自动监测和生态监测与具体部门相关联而造成信息孤岛的问题,提倡环保多业务综合共享信息的标准化;环境监控系统的建设是基础,应用是关键,运行维护管理是保障,三者不可偏废。让环境管理者产生形象思维,拓宽思路和视野,发现和解决新问题。