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1.
简述了原有广州市环境空气自动监测网络情况,通过对环境空气自动监测网络的集成优化,增设站点、扩展监测项目和引入新技术,建立了一个"金字塔形"的集天地空一体化的环境空气监测网络,弥补了原有监测网络在反映环境空气质量总体水平、污染来源解析、预报预警所需的环境质量信息、对环境空气质量的评估等方面的不足,该网络已成功应用于广州亚运会的空气质量保障。  相似文献   

2.
长三角与珠三角城市环境空气质量变化对比分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
利用重点城市环境空气质量日报数据中的空气污染指数(简称API),选择上海市和广州市作为代表性城市,研究了长三角和珠三角自2001年至2008年环境空气质量的变化趋势及其影响因素。结果表明,从年际变化看,上海市2002年前空气质量恶化,2002年后空气质量优化;广州市2004年前空气质量恶化,2004年后空气质量优化,较之上海变化趋势转折点存在2年的滞后。从季度变化看,上海市冬季春季秋季夏季,广州市冬季秋季春季夏季。与社会经济发展关系的分析表明,上海市随着社会经济的发展环境空气质量总体呈现好转趋势,广州市随着社会经济的发展环境空气质量总体呈现先恶化再好转的趋势,且经济发展对环境空气质量的影响大于社会发展。  相似文献   

3.
南京市环境空气中挥发性有机物的组成与特点   总被引:10,自引:1,他引:10  
参照美国EPATO17的方法研究南京市不同功能区(交通区、商业旅游区、居住区、工业区和清洁对照点)环境空气中挥发性有机物(VOCs)在一年四季中的组成及浓度水平。共检出189种挥发性有机物,并随气温下降而减少;苯系物稳定存在于各功能区,浓度秋季最高。交通区污染最严重。  相似文献   

4.
对上海市轨道交通与地面交通换乘场站局地环境空气质量进行了调查,结果表明,万体馆站空气污染较重,大气污染达到警戒水平,PM10及NO2超标频率及超标量较高。中山公园监测点PM10及CO超标较多。对照点张江高科点及静安点的环境空气质量相对较好,上海大气质量指数能够达到大气环境质量标准,污染物单因子超标轻微。在地面交通与轨道交通的换乘场站,集聚的机动车所排放的尾气,是造成该地区环境空气质量恶化的重要原因之一。  相似文献   

5.
阐述了加强环境空气监测点位管理的重要性,指出了目前环境空气监测点位管理中存在的问题,提出设置监测点位时,既要考虑监测点的位置和数量,又要考虑监测点周围的人为活动、流动污染源、固定污染源和面源的影响。  相似文献   

6.
邹强 《干旱环境监测》2006,20(2):93-96,F0004
通过对苏州市区环境空气中BTX的监测,结果表明:苏州市区环境空气中BTX的污染程度不容乐观。其中,苯浓度6.2μg/m^3,超过欧盟标准的0.24倍。环境空气中BTX有明显的季节变化,夏季<秋(春)季<冬季;环境空气中交通测点的BTX高于其他地区。机动车排气及汽油挥发是BTX污染的主要来源。  相似文献   

7.
介绍了EcoSys-P便携式质谱仪在无车日前后对交通干线环境空气中苯系物现场监测中的情况,同时该方法与经典的气相-质谱联机进行了对比试验,相对偏差≤25%,能够满足交通干线环境空气苯系物的现场监测要求.  相似文献   

8.
为研究菏泽市环境空气中VOCs的污染特征,参照EPA TO-15方法对菏泽市环境空气中的VOCs进行分析,并对VOCs的组成、浓度状况、来源和对臭氧生成潜势的贡献等进行探讨。结果表明,该市环境空气中共定性检出挥发性有机物82种,其中烷烃和苯系物分别占有机物种类的29%、22%,VOCs平均浓度为25.6μg/m3。监测期间,环境空气中的VOCs主要来自汽车尾气排放、汽油蒸汽、液态石油的挥发,其中交通尾气排放是该区域监测期间的主要排放源。烷烃、芳烃是对菏泽市环境空气中臭氧生成潜势贡献较大的关键活性组分,其对臭氧生产潜势的贡献率分别为32.6%、49.9%。  相似文献   

9.
环境空气质量指数在应用中存在的问题及建议   总被引:7,自引:4,他引:3  
随着空气质量新标准的实施,环境空气质量指数已应用于我国部分城市环境空气质量的评价,并在环境空气质量信息发布中发挥了重要作用,但其在应用过程中也显现出一些问题。通过对颗粒物实时报反映不及时、臭氧评价结果有矛盾、臭氧8 h浓度计算时段不明确、部分环境空气质量指数类别划分不合理、城市空气质量缺少总体评价等问题的分析,提出了相应的改进建议。  相似文献   

10.
环境空气监测全程质量控制探讨   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
文中对环境空气监测质量控制进行了探讨,认为要保证环境空气监测质量,就必须加强环境空气监测质量控制工作的程序化,并进行全方位的管理,要着重从实验室准备、点位布设、样品采集、实验室分析和数据的审核报出及监测人员素质等几个方面进行全程序质量控制。  相似文献   

11.
Automobile emissions have created a major hydrocarbon pollution problem in the ambient air of Taiwan. The aim of this study was to determine the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the ambient air of Kaohsiung, Taiwan. The spatial distribution, temporal variation, and correlations of VOCs at three study sites, selected based on traffic densities and distances from a freeway, were discussed. Sixty-four hydrocarbons were identified in the ambient air. Among all of the VOC species, acetone, aromatic and aliphatic compounds constituted the major constituents. Higher concentrations of VOCs existed further away from major arteries as compared to those found near the freeway. Therefore, the distance from the freeway may not be a sufficient index for reflecting actual air quality in the study area. Weather conditions, wind speed and direction did not affect the distribution of VOC concentrations in the three study sites. Other factors, such as the height and density of buildings, traffic conditions or commercial activities, might affect the distribution of VOCs.  相似文献   

12.
热脱附-气相色谱法测定环境空气中芳烃和卤代烃   总被引:14,自引:3,他引:14  
建立了热脱附-气相色谱法测定环境空气中9种芳烃和卤代烃方法。阐述了样品管制备、采样袋预处理、现场采样和实验富集等过程。采用保留时间定性、外标法定量。进行了自动热脱附仪的吸附和解吸效率的试验,各组分的吸附效率均在97%以上,解吸效率达98 9%。最低检出质量浓度氯乙烯为0 0003mg/m3、1,2-二氯乙烷和1,2-二氯丙烷为0 0002mg/m3、苯、甲苯、乙苯、对二甲苯、苯乙烯和邻二甲苯均为0 0001mg/m3。试图以不更换TenaxTA吸附剂标准冷阱来测定齐鲁石化环境空气中特征污染物乙烯,由于冷阱对乙烯的二级吸附未能很好地解决,试验效果不理想,有待进一步研究。  相似文献   

13.
生活垃圾填埋场空气中VOCs组成及年际变化   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
宋钊 《中国环境监测》2013,29(2):98-103
采用SUMMA罐采样-气相色谱-质谱法采集并分析了2006—2010年4、10月上海某生活垃圾填埋场及周边环境空气中挥发性有机物(VOCs)的种类和含量变化情况。结果表明,共检测出34种VOCs化合物,以单环芳烃、甲基乙基酮、卤代脂肪烃为主,其中19种化合物属于美国环保局重点控制的空气中有害污染物;填埋区作业面是填埋堆体内部VOCs释放的重要途径之一,其中甲基乙基酮、甲苯、乙苯、间/对-二甲苯对TVOCs质量浓度贡献率超过60%;生活垃圾填埋场及周边环境空气中TVOCs质量浓度年季变化较稳定,但同年度内秋季浓度高于春季。  相似文献   

14.
Monitoring of Hydrocarbon Emissions in a Petroleum Refinery   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
In a petroleum refinery the hydrocarbon emissions which are mostly fugitive in nature are emitted from process, offsites and periodic accidental releases such as: materials storage & handling, process, equipment leaks, solvent evaporation, combustion sources, waste treatment etc. In India, the monitoring of such emissions in a refinery are limited as also the standards are not set for its limit in ambient air. Hence there is an urgent need for generating a database for such emissions. Recently in India, MoEF/CPCB has set some guidelines under CREP rules for monitoring such emissions in a refinery. A detailed monitoring of the hydrocarbon emissions from different sources in a typical 10.5 MMTPA Indian refinery is undertaken during 1999–2001 and the results are presented. It is observed that the storage tank emissions alongwith process leaks form the major contributor towards fugitive hydrocarbon emissions.  相似文献   

15.
Although passive sampling has been previously used for the monitoring of volatile and semi-volatile contaminants in air, there are limited data on the use of this technique coupled with bioassays based on specific biological responses. Biological responses including those mediated by the aryl hydrocarbon (AhR) receptor as well as (anti-)estrogenicity and (anti-)androgenicity of samples from four Eastern European countries (Lithuania, Slovakia, Romania, and Serbia) were determined. To address the potential differences of specific toxic potencies of pollutant mixtures in ambient air in Eastern Europe, each country was characterized by a single more remote location that served to determine regional background conditions and one location in more urbanized and industrialized locations, which were defined as “impacted” areas. Besides samples from Lithuania, a significant gradient in concentrations of AhR-mediated potency from background and impacted localities was observed. Greatest potencies were measured in samples from impacted locations in Romania and Slovakia. Concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) that were quantified accounted for 3–33 % of the 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin equivalents determined by use of the bioassay. No significant estrogenic potency was detected but anti-estrogenic effects were produced by air from two background locations (Lithuania, Slovakia) and three impacted locations (Lithuania, Romania, and Serbia). Anti-androgenic potency was observed in all samples. The greatest anti-estrogenic potency was observed at the background location in Slovakia. Anti-estrogenic and anti-androgenic potencies of studied air samples were probably associated with compounds that are not routinely monitored. The study documents suitability of passive air sampling for the assessment of specific toxic potencies of ambient air pollutants.  相似文献   

16.
关于环境空气质量评价的一些思考   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
不断变化的大气污染形势和不断发展的监测技术对中国的环境空气质量评价工作提出了新的要求。总结中国环境空气质量评价的发展历程和国外环境空气质量评价的主流做法,分析存在的主要问题,提出在学习国外先进经验的基础上,结合实际情况,建立符合科学规律和中国国情的环境空气质量评价方法,以达到如实反映环境空气质量状况,客观评价环境管理成效及为改善环境空气质量服务的目标。  相似文献   

17.
Measurement of the exhaust emission from gasoline-powered motor vehicles in Bangkok were performed on chassis dynamometer. A fleet of 10 vehicles of different model, years and manufacturers were selected to measure the air pollutants in the exhaust effluent. The study revealed that the carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon emissions averaged 32.3–64.2 and 1.82–2.98 g km–1, respectively, for 1990–1992 cars and decreased to 17.8–40.71 and 0.75–1.88 g km–1, respectively, for 1994–1995 cars. A monitoring program for air pollutant concentrations in ambient air was also conducted to evaluate the air pollution problems in Bangkok arising from vehicle exhaust emission. Four air sampling stations were strategically established to cover the Bangkok Metropolitan Region (BMR). Composite air samples in this study area were collected during the day/night times and weekday/weekend. The average concentrations of suspended particulate matter, carbon monoxide, and nitrogen dioxide in Bangkok street air were found to be 0.65 mg/m3 (24 hr ave.), 19.02 mg/m3 (8 hr ave.) and 0.021 mg/m3 (1 hr ave.), respectively. The average concentrations of benzene and toluene in the ambient air of the study area were found to be 15.07–50.20 and 25.76–130.95 g/mf3, respectively, for 8 hr average. These results indicated that there was a significant increase in air pollutant emissions with increasing car mileage and model year. Subsequent analysis of data showed that there were only 20% of the test vehicles complied to approved emission standard. The finding also revealed that there was a correlation between the average air pollutant concentrations with average traffic speed in each traffic zone of the Bangkok Metropolitan Region (BMR).  相似文献   

18.
沿海地区中小城市环境空气质量预报模式的研究与应用   总被引:2,自引:3,他引:2  
根据两年来的实际工作经验,探讨了沿海地区气象因素对环境空气质量的影响,并结合沿海地区气候特征及污染现状对影响环境空气质量的因素进行了研究分析,建立了适合于沿海地区中小城市环境空气质量预报模式,其预报准确率高。对沿海地区中小城市今后开展空气质量预报工作具有一定的指导意义。  相似文献   

19.
目前中国空气质量监测数据缺乏统一的数据采集及传输管理规范,导致数据集成困难,各监测网络间的数据无法充分共享,形成信息孤岛。该研究在深入分析中国环境空气质量监测数据采集与传输现状及问题的基础上,遵循已有的标准规定并结合实际业务需求,针对环境空气质量监测数据传输系统结构、通讯协议以及监测数据编码提出具有良好扩展性、通用性及规范化的设计方案,以期促进监测设备及系统集成工作的标准化,实现系统间信息数据高度集成,信息资源充分共享和互融互通,环境空气质量监测业务紧密互动。  相似文献   

20.
环境空气中臭氧API评价探讨   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
环境空气中臭氧API评价应考虑臭氧超标影响范围、臭氧超标小时数和超标平均浓度对臭氧API修正。  相似文献   

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